Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Study on Maize Stalk Lodging Resistance in Cyclic Cross Selection
Get PDFStalk lodging resistance is a particularly important trait on maize, especially in terms of mechanized harvesting of the crop. Stalk lodging represents a major problem of corn with yield losses. Because of this reason, it takes a special attention on the breeding process. The purpose of this research was the study of maize stalk lodging resistance before the harvest time and finding the best breeding lines for this type of resistance. We used 7 breeding lines (TE 229, TE 202B, TA 452, TE 330A, TD 364, TE 317 and TE 335) as maternal lines and another 3 (TD 268, TC 385A and TC 399) as testers. Lines were tested in 2011 and 2012, in compared cultures with 24 variants, where 21 of them were the experimental hybrids between tested lines and testers and the other 3 werethe control hybrids Turda 201, Turda Favorit and PR39D81. Variance analysis was performed according to the classical model of a two-factor system. Genic effects were calculated after 2nd North Carolina model. Regarding the results, the highest percentage of unbroken plants was on TD 268 tester (80.7%) and the lowest on TD 364 tested line (70.2%). Tested lines that was noted for the general combining ability of lodging resistance were TA 452 and TE 335. Crossings that marked high values for non-additive effects were TA 452 x TC 385A, TE 202B x TC 399 and TE 202B x TD 268. Effects values for general combining ability were between -4.72% and +4.49% on tested lines, -1.68% and +5.78% on testers; effects values for specific combining ability were between -11.25% and +7.58%. Regarding the tested lines was noted TA 452 inbred line and regarding the testers was noted TD 268 inbred line. On this issue, we can state that in the selection process of maize hybrids must be chosen only those hybrid combinations with stalk-lodging resistance because of the similar contribution of additive and non-additive genic effects to resistant genotypes
BREWER`S SPENT YEAST EXPLOITATION IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Get PDFBioeconomy represents an important field, which focuses the value addition based on food industry by-products. Brewing industry generates high amounts of by-products, the brewers` spent grain, the hot and cold trub, the residual yeast and kieselgur. Brewers` spent yeast represents an important by-product, presenting high nutritional value, due to its bioactive compounds. This study proposed the development of a functional brewers` spent yeast based food. The product was subjected to chemical analysis in respect to its nutritional profile
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE WHITE SAUCE BASED ON HORSERADISH, ONION, PARSLEY AND PARSNIP
Get PDFHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.), onion (Allium cepa), parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) are a rich source of biologically active compounds with multiple therapeutic effects. The aim of the paper was to obtain a functional product - a white sauce rich in biologically active principles with high availability for the human body, based on horseradish, onion parsley and pastry. In order to obtain a product that could be used as a dressing for food industry, a classical technological process was used, resulting in a nutritionally complex product with multiple therapeutic effects. Physicochemical methods have been used to determine moisture, acidity and mineral substances. In addition, total phenolic and antioxidant activity were assessed using the Folin Ciocalteau and DPPH methods, respectively
Effects of climatic changes upon the variability of some productivity characters in winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.)
Get PDFThe global acceleration warm conditions determine an additional stress for plant growth and development stages with a high impact on plant grain yield performances. During five experimental years the climatic conditions varied quite a lot so that the main productivity elements: the number of grains/spike, weight of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter had different values which influencing final grain yield. Analyzing the relationship between rainfall/temperature and grain yield, including its components, can be observed a strong relation between those especially in the first growth stages (from plant emergence and vegetative restarting in early spring). Climatic conditions have manifested an important influence also in the last phenophases of winter triticale plant with a negative influence on grain yield. Being a process of long duration, grain yield formation is strongly affected by temperature (r=0.89) and rainfall conditions (r=0.45).
Technogenic Ecological Sequences in Tailing Pond from Căpușu Mare, Built between 1975-1981
Get PDFIn Romania, all actions related to mining management are found in “Strategy of the mining industry for 2012-2035”. Today, numerous tailing ponds have remained outside rehabilitation operations, and they are becoming more natural, as is the case of the tailing pond in Capusu Mare. The vegetation study was conducted in 2015, at the tailing pond III in Căpușu Mare that was operational between 1975-1981. The following phytopopulation and phytocenotic indices were calculated: presence, frequency, class of presence, abundance-dominance and average abundance-dominance (ADm) of species. Floral studies show the presence of 40 plant species. The wood species with the highest mean dominant abundance are Hippophäe rhamnoides (14.78%) and Salix alba (10.55%), and of herbaceous species stands Phragmites communis with 7.49%. After 34 years from the heap closure, the degree of vegetation coverage is 77%. Wood species occupy about 32% of the heap surface
Research on the Relationship Between the Degree of European Corn Borer (Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn.) Attack and Maize Fusariosis (Fusarium spp.) at ARDS Turda
Get PDFThe European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübn.), which is found almost universally in Europe and America, is an extremely important pest from economic point of view (Szőke et al., 2005). European corn borer larvae cause physical injuries to stalks and ears, and promote infections with Fusarium, by carrying the fungus spores from the plant surface to the surfaces of damaged kernels or to the interior of stalks, where infection occurs (Czembor, 2015). On account of the fact that between Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and Fusarium spp. there is a strong connection, and their presence lead to lower maize production, it’s purposed is reducing the corn borer attack, but also the occurrence of maize fusariosis, by applying treatments to the vegetation. The research was carried out at ARDS Turda, in the period 2014-2015 as a bifactorial experience, in which were performed two treatments on growing period, with insecticides, using the products: Avaunt 250 ml/ha (s.a. indoxacarb), Coragen 250 ml/ha (s.a. chlorantraniliprol), Proteus 400 ml/ha (s.a. tiacloprid + deltametrin), Calypso 150 ml/ha (s.a. tiacloprid) and Confidor 400 ml/ha (s.a. imidacloprid + deltametrin), and the biological material was used Turda 165 hybrid. Amid the climatic conditions in the two experimental years (2014-2015), regarding the frecquency attack of the Ostrinia nubilalis, 2015 proved to be a very favorable year for this pest, and by applying treatments to the vegetation, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and Fusarium spp. attack has been reduced very significant. In order to combat the european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) chemically, are recommended products based on: chlorantraniliprol and tiacloprid+deltametrin
Spatial Analysis GIS Model for Identifying the Risk Induced by Landslides. A Case Study: A.T.U. of Şieu
Get PDFThe risk induced by landslides on residential infrastructure, transport infrastructure and agricultural land causes problems of local management that need to be solved by reducing negative effects and decrease the frequency of their occurrence. This study followed the development and implementation of a model for identifying the risk induced by landslides through the analysis of spatial occurrence probability for landslides at the administrative territorial unit of șieu, following the semi-quantitative method governed in Romania by G.D. no 447/2003 and then through the exposure of housing infrastructure at landslides was possible to frame landslides on risk classes. The entire approach was based on GIS spatial analysis, creating a specific detailed database of causing and triggering factors of landslides and not at least, a database for risk receptors, in this study, represented by the constructions of villages associated with the studied administrative territorial units. The final result of the model highlights the framing of constructions on qualitative risk classes at landslides, revealing the elements of infrastructure that need post and pre event measures of protection
Evaluation of Vicia sativa L. as green manure: Case study of genotype and plant density influence on N availability
Get PDFThe effect of two plant densities and genotype in growth and N -accumulation of common vetch, used as green manure was investigated. The experiment field was settled in central Greece. The study soil was clayey, classified as Vertisol. The results demonstrated a significant effect (P < 0.05) of plant density in all growth indicates. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected in growth indices, biomass productivity and N uptake, among different genotypes of common vetch regardless plant density. Contrary, no effect of plant density was observed in N concentration of plant tissue in all varieties and mixtures. In particular, LAI increased with high rates from crop emergence, reaching values above 3.5 m2 m-2 in all cases, and maintained high values for more than two months. Also biomass production was significant lower in genotypes and mixtures when cultivated with plant density of 100 Kg ha-1 than with plant density of 180 Kg ha-1
Soy Culture in Minimum Tillage and the Influence on Soil Attributes, ARDS Turda, 2005-2014
Get PDFThe system of agriculture conservative comes must halt this process of degradation and soil protection with carpets plant debris and intervention minimal on the ground shall be avoided the process of compaction erosion by increasing fertility. Excessive processing of agricultural land with mechanical equipment and primarily the work of basic-till that mobilizes soil in depth damage to a greater extent pests and diseases in the soil but it also has negative effect by losses mineralization weaker plant debris, breaking continuity capillarity and if an angry crowd on side slopes should be done after the line of the greatest slope will promote erosion. By applying minimum tillage system soil at ARDS Turda, is intended primarily to combat soil erosion, keeping the water in the soil, increasing fertility, protection of the environment