Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Evaluation of Eco-Green Liquid Fertilizer Rate and Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Northeastern Ethiopia
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major chief food crops, supplying food and income for millions of homes worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where these pests are most prevalent. This study evaluated the effect of Eco-Green liquid fertilizer rate and application methods on the growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Borena District, Northeastern Ethiopia, during the 2023 main cropping season. A factorial combination was conducted using five Eco-Green rates (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 L ha⁻¹) and three application methods (foliar spray, soil application, and seed treatment), arranged in RCBD with three replications. Results showed that Eco-Green significantly (p < 0.05) improved most growth and yield parameters compared to the control. The highest eco green fertilizer rate (40 L ha⁻¹) produced the tallest plants (86.5 cm), longest spikes (9.2 cm), and maximum kernels per spike (57.4), leading to the highest grain yield (6200 kg ha⁻¹), biomass yield (9990 kg ha⁻¹), and straw yield (6411 kg ha⁻¹). Among application methods, seed treatment consistently outperformed foliar and soil application, resulting in superior tillering, kernel number, and grain yield (5870.7 kg ha⁻¹)
Ten Minutes City Concept through Geographic Information System
Get PDFThe expansion of urban areas in the last decades has generated new challenges for residents, particularly concerning accessibility. The “15-minute city” and its newer variation, the “10-minute city,” are innovative urban planning concepts that address these challenges, emphasizing proximity, sustainability, and efficient resource allocation by reducing car dependency, mitigating local pollution, and encouraging healthier lifestyles. We analyzed pedestrian routes and accessibility to basic facilities in six European cities to evaluate which is closer to the 10-minute city model, while fulfilling the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal on resilient, sustainable cities. Using field-collected topographic data for Cluj-Napoca and open-source datasets for the other cities (Bucharest, Zurich, Paris, Barcelona, and Zwolle), we designed a Geographic Information System to evaluate service accessibility within an 800 m radius (10-minute walk). We assessed facility density and accessible population density, observing that for sustainable cities, the density of facilities relative to population matters more than the absolute number of people who can reach them. Relief and infrastructure quality greatly impacted the urban structures of the studied area. Our study highlights the importance of integrating GIS-based analyses with topographic surveying to support urban planning strategies aligned with the European and international sustainable urban mobility plans and goals
Buckwheat Hulls: From Agro-Industrial By-Product to Multifunctional Resources
Get PDFBuckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an ancient pseudocereal with remarkable nutritional and functional properties, increasingly recognized as a sustainable crop for both food and non-food applications. The processing of buckwheat seeds generates a significant amount of hull by-products, which account for approximately 17% of the total grain mass and remain largely underutilized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the technological processes used to obtain buckwheat hulls, their chemical composition, and their potential applications in various industries. Buckwheat hulls are distinguished by a high concentration of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, accompanied by comparatively moderate levels of protein and lipids, and are primarily composed of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides, notably hemicelluloses and pectic compounds. Due to these properties, hulls have been successfully explored as functional food ingredients, biosorbents for environmental remediation, raw materials for biofuel production, and as renewable components in eco-friendly fertilizers and bio composites. Their valorization not only promotes circular economy principles but also reduces agro-industrial waste, contributing to more sustainable and resource-efficient production chains
The Suitability of New Spring Barley Varieties (Ioana and Dumbrăvița) in the Beer Industry
Get PDFThe Ioana and Dumbrăvița spring barley varieties are intensive varieties, adapted to soils with high fertility and neutral to slightly alkaline pH. They are analysed in the context of agriculture and the beer industry. The hilly and pre-hilly regions of Transylvania, Moldova, and southern Banat are ideal for growing these varieties, which stand out for their vegetative vigor, good tillering capacity, and large grains, contributing to high agricultural yields. The connection of these varieties to the beer industry is significant due to the chemical composition of the barley grains. The proteins and starch in barley are essential in the malting process, influencing the amount of fermentable sugars and, consequently, the alcohol content of the beer. Beta-glucans, a type of fiber present in barley, affect the foam stability and clarity of the beer, while the minerals and vitamins in barley contribute to yeast health and fermentation efficiency. Thus, the quality of barley grains directly influences the taste, texture and clarity of beer, making these barley varieties essential for the production of high-quality beer
Breeding Techniques on Pulse Crops to Enhance Climate Resilience: A Review
Get PDFThe major food and economic crops known as pulse crops is produced in tropical and temperate countries. Due to their advantages, pulse crop production and consumer demand have grown significantly over the past 20 years. Low yield and variability, which are partially attributable to the effects of environmental stress, preclude future pulse crop production despite enhanced breeding efforts and the development of pulse crop production in diverse agro-climatic areas. Pulse crops physiology, morphology, and capacity for reproduction are all impacted by environmental stress, which affects yield. It is believed that the most important time for yield production is during the reproductive stage, when exposed to environmental challenges. In this review, we assess the effects of environmental stress on the growth and productivity of pulse crops during the reproductive stage, as well as the features that may confer adaptation. The present research's shortcomings, such as the small number of genotypes, shortage of field trials, and incomplete experimental data are listed. In order to speed up breeding efforts and produce more resilient pulse crop cultivars for the present and the future, the review highlight the potential to take advantage of new tools and technologies like high-throughput phenotyping platforms, gene editing, and genomic selection
Therapeutic Properties and Use for Medicinal Purposes of Agastache Species
Get PDFNowadays, it is proven there is an increasing interest in the study of growth and development of different medicinal and aromatic species, due to their therapeutic properties that correlate with the presence of different active compounds. Agastache sp. are known as aromatic plants that belong to the Lamiaceae family, originating from North America and East Asia. The Agastache genus is part of the Lamiaceae family and is native to North America, but one species like Agastache rugosa, is native to East Asia, such as Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and China. Also, the aim of recent studies is to present a summary of the few findings on the phytochemistry and biological effects of several Agastache sp., including both extracts and essential oil properties and characterization. The presented paper has been focused of introduction, description and use of aromatic and medicinal plants, which represent inexhaustible sources of fresh or dry materials for the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic products and food industries. In the whole process of developing new medicines from herbal raw materials, it is important to study the spectrum of major bioactive compounds and their benefits for human health. Science have proven a significant influence of genetic traits which depends on the subspecies chosen in study, variety, the maturity of the plants, climatic conditions and cultivation features on the accumulation of bioactive compounds in harvested plants material
Polyphagous Insect Pests of Medicinal Plants
Get PDFThis current review describes the morphology of some polyphagous species of insect pests affecting medicinal plants, their life cycle, host plants, form of damage and biological management. The described insect species are part of the following orders: Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Dipera. All species are distributed in Europe, but can also be found in other continents. Defoliation is the most common type of damage caused by adults and larvae (or nymphs) but additional types of damage have also been reported. In order to control them, biological measures have to be taken, chemical control being unsuitable for medicinal plants. This bio-management can be achieved through pathogens of the insect pests, such as fungi and parasitoids
Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Germination of Silver Fir Seeds from Different Romanian Provenances
Get PDFAbies alba Mill., one of the most important conifer species in European mountain forests, faces significant challenges due to changing climatic conditions and environmental stressors. The research aims to understand the effects of different abiotic stress factors on A. alba seed germination, including salt and water stress, as well as cold stress. Four treatments were studied: control (seeds soaked in water at 18 °C for 24 hours), thermal stress (-40 °C for 7 days), salt stress (400 mM NaCl solution for 24 hours), and water stress (limited watering). The findings of this study provide insights into the adaptability of silver fir with different origin (7 populations) to various abiotic stress factors, to further understand the species response to climate change. Preliminary results show variability in germination among treatments and populations, indicating different sensitivities of silver fir seeds to cold, salt, and water stress. For all the germination stress factors, the seed germination varied among the tested provenances, the process being evidently and negatively affected by the stress factors, especially by salinity and low temperatures. The study highlights the importance of choosing suitable seed sources for reforestation and conservation of A. alba species
Capacity Management in Projects of Systematic Land Registration in a Romanian Small and Medium-sized Entepreise
Get PDFOnly about 7% of all localities in Romania have been registered in the land administration system. These delays in registration are caused by multiple reasons. This paper looks at what private companies are doing when dealing with increase in demand in projects in The National Program of Land Registration. Using an action research methodology, a focus group composed of six people from Company A analyses the measures that the company takes in order to manage capacity. The focus group finds that in most cases, the company choses to ignore increasing demand. At the same time, the most used methods when the company follows demand are: extra working hours for workers and prioritizing projects
Application of UAS Technology for the Development of Precision Agriculture
Get PDFPrecision agriculture often uses digital techniques such as satellites, UAS (unmanned aerial systems) and sensors to optimize agricultural production processes while reducing negative environmental impacts. Smart agriculture is data-driven, so a UAS can accurately receive and fairly distribute this information, allowing producers to take action based on individual soil circumstances. The paper aims to highlight the main advantages of UAS used in agriculture, depending on the type of wing (single-rotor, multi-rotor, fixed-wing and VTOL) and the sensors used. Also, within the work, the stages of making the digital orthophoto map at the Hoia farm, belonging to USAMV Cluj-Napoca, were analysed, with a view to further analyses on the state of the vegetation, using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAS model. Vegetation status can be assessed and quantified by different vegetation indices from images acquired in the visible, red and near-infrared spectral bands. Depending on their formulation, they can show a strong correlation with land cover and leaf and green area index (LAI and GAI), crop nitrogen uptake (QN), chlorophyll content, water stress detection, plant structure, photosynthesis, yield and growing conditions. Modern agricultural technology plays a vital role in increasing productivity to meet the demand for food for a growing global population, conservation and management of agricultural resources