Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Mycorrhizal Potential of Grasses in Parks of Cluj-Napoca City
Get PDFMycorrhiza develop on the surface of the roots and create complex networks of nutrients transport between the hosts. The present paper evaluates the modification of endomycorrhizal parameters in urban grasses due to the distance from the trunk of the trees. Grass samples were harvested from 3 parks. The objective is to identify the area of maximum development of the mycorrhizal network and the spatial stability of the symbiosis. A pattern of mycorrhizal mechanisms can be identified due to human intervention in the ecosystem. In ecosystems, the overhead distance between trees is dominated by grassy species capable of endomycorrhizal connections. Between fungi and plants, connecting nodes and nutrient transfer points appear. Frequency of mycorrhizas in grasses is over 90%. The intensity in root is below 30%, but supported by high arbuscularity. The impact of mycorrhizae is felt only at the time of intense colonization and the presence of arbuscules
Researches Regarding on the Impruvement and Efficiency of Minimal Soil Works System in Soybean Crop, Specific to Different Pedoclimatic Conditions, in Turda Area
Get PDFThe paper presents the influence of the conventional and minimum tillage system, the fertilization system and the agricultural year (expressed by different climatic conditions) on the production and economic efficiencyof the soybean culture. The experience poly-factorial, was placed on the type of soil Phaeozem (clay, iluvial) in the Transylvanian Plain (with multi-annual average temperature of 9.1°C and multi-annual average rainfall of531.0 mm). The soybean culture responded favorably to the minimal tillage technology, the production being veryclose to that obtained in the conventional system. The application of the “minimum tillage” system to the soybeanculture requires a fuel consumption of 63.1 l/ha at the price of 328.12 lei/ha compared to the classic technology atwhich 78.6 l/ha is consumed at the price of 412.36 lei/ha, is 84.24 lei/ha in favor of the minimum system
Evaluation of Photosynthesis Capacity of Some Winter Wheat Genotypes in Transylvanian Plain Conditions
Get PDFLeaf photosynthetic capacity is a key parameter determining crop yield; it is enhanced by moderate soil moisture and reduced in both severe water deficit and excessive water conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the wheat variety photosynthetic capacity in two main phenological stages. The evaluation of photosynthesis capacity of studied winter wheat varieties in Transylvanian Plain conditions offer relevant information on Romanian genetic material type and paving the way of new research directed to a new wheat breeding program criteria and for improvement of those
PC&CA - Tool for Polyphenols Content Monitoring at the End of Spring Depending on Organic and/or Mineral Fertilization of Perennial Grassland
Get PDFThe present research proposed to use Principal Components & Classification Analysis (PC&CA) as tool for the polyphenols content monitoring of perennial forages, at the end of May 2008, from a Romanian grassland fertilized since 2003. The grassland soil was Calcic Luvisol. StatSoft-STATISTICA Version 10 performed the matrix correlation of PC&CA. The ten trials unfertilized or with different fertilization were the PC&CA cases. The active variables of PC&CA were the floristic composition components: Poaceae (GMay08%), Fabaceae (FMay08%), others botanical families group (OMay08%), Calamagrostis epigejos (Ce%), Festuca rupicola (Fr%), Lathyrus nissolia (Ln%), Lathyrus pratensis (Lp%), Filipendula vulgaris (Fv%) and Rosa canina (Rc%). Perennial forages polyphenols content at the end of May 2008 and mineral nitrogen fertilization data were supplementary variables. The correlation coefficient for total polyphenols content (PMay08) and others botanical families group (OMay08%) was positive: 0.704. In addition, the correlation coefficients of PMay08 and Fv% or Rc% were positively and higher than 0.700. Mineral nitrogen application influenced positively the Poaceae component (correlation coefficient - 0.915). The PC&CA can represent a helpful tool for polyphenols content monitoring of grassland perennial forages at the end of spring, depending on fertilization
Influence of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on Grassland from Transilvanian Plateau
Get PDFMineral and organic fertilization have a huge effect on natural grasslands. The purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value for grasslands from the Transylvanian Plateau area. In this area has been analyzed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature and nitrogen. Other aspects taken in account were the agronomical and anthropogenic specters. The analyzed grasslands are placed in the perimeter of Gheorgheni village, from Cluj County. Experience includes 20 experimental variants with organic fertilization with combined with mineral fertilization, 5 variants in 4 rehearsals. Each experimental variant is 2 m long X 5 m wide. In most hill meadows the economic efficiency is relatively low, and in order to be increased, it is necessary to apply the whole complex of measures for their improvement, care and exploitation, of which a special role is the application of appropriate treatments that stimulate the development of valuable species. Several researches show that applying fertilizers on grasslands is economically justified since, generally, 1 kg of active element results in an increase of 80-100 kg of green matter
The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Polyetylene Glycol on Wheat Germination
Get PDFThe present paper analyses the effect of pre-treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on germination and the growth of winter wheat seedlings in water stress conditions induced by polyetylene glycol (PEG). A two-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized projection. The first factor (A) included three levels: a1- distilled water - control; a2 - 0.25 mM SA; a3 - 0.75 mM SA and the second factor (B) included three levels: b1- distilled water; b2 - 15% PEG and b3 - 25% PEG. Biological material was represented by a DH winter wheat line. It were made observations on germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), cotyledons length (CL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI). After the analysis of the obtained results it can appreciate that the 25% PEG concentration played the main role for the significant decrease of the germination percentage (GP) and vigor index (VI). Also, seeds pre-treatment with 0.75 mM SA could be a way to improve germination characteristics in drought conditions
The Heritability of Some Qualitative and Quantitative Traits at One Set of Spring Barley Genotypes
Get PDFWork collections are subjected to a renewal process, therefore a regular evaluation is needed inorder to appreciate the genetic advance of the existing variability at collection level and further to identify valuable genotypes in terms of morphoproductive and qualitative traits (protein, starch). The barley intended for brewing must correspond to some qualitative parameters, of which proteins and starch content are of major importance. For this purpose, a study was conducted to assess the variability and heritability indicators corresponding to the two traits at 48 barley genotypes. The genotypes that were the subject of this study were sown in three experimental years 2013, 2014 and 2016. The mean values of 2013 year was 13.71 compared with only 10.77, and 11.27 in 2014 and 2016. The significant value of the heritability coefficient along with the genetic advantage of 0.81 indicates the success of selection work for this important chemical trait
Evaluation of the Behavior of Some Genotypes of Salix sp. in the Conditions of Sandy Soils
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to make a comparative analyse of nine willow genotypes (seven Romanian and two Swedish clones) in order to test them for short rotation coppice. Researches have been carried out in the sandy soils from Southern Romania, over a period of two years of vegetation. There were made determinations as concern plants growth and development and were referring to survival rate, stem height, number of shoots/plant and stem diameter at the base. Hydric stress is one of the main factors of limiting plant growth on this type of soil and the experimented willow genotypes have reacted differently. The obtained results have shown the fact that the largest vegetative growth was recorded in Pesred and Inger genotypes. It also emphasizes with good results in terms of the quantity of biomass RO 1077, Fragisal and Robisal genotypes. Based on the obtained results it can appreciate that Salix sp. represents a solution of utilize the sandy soils which have low fertile and obtaining considerable amounts of biomass, in the conditions of ensuring of water and nutritive resources
Reducing the Loss of Nitrogen in Athmosphere by Granular Urea
Get PDFOne of the main objectives for the future agriculture is to achieve high crop yields but also to maintain and improve soil quality. In 1995, the European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA) prepared eight Booklets on Best Available Techniques (BAT) in response to the proposed EU Directive on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC Directive). In this Booklet it is show that ammonium nitrate is used extensively as a nitrogenous fertilizer. It is made exclusively by the reaction between gaseous ammonia and aqueous nitric acid, the production of which are covered in EFMA BAT Booklets 1 and 2 respectively. Reseeding of grassland may increase the mineralisation of organic material and lead to a greater amount of mineral nitrogen in soil, which can be leached during the winter-period
A Short Review about Using MicroResp Method for the Assessment of Community Level Physiological Profile in Agricultural Soils
Get PDFMicroResp is a colorimetric method developed by Campbell et al., (2003), used for assessing the community level physiological profile of the microbial population. MicroResp can be used to assess soil health, pollution induced community tolerance, also for toxicity testing, pesticide degradation profiles, bioremediation evaluation and water ecology and toxicity. The aim of the present review was to look over the results of recent papers and to highlight the importance and efficiency of the MicroResp method in assessing the physiological profile of the microbial community. The method advantages and limitations were also assessed. We focused on agricultural soil in order to deepen our understanding about changes of microbial community induced by agricultural practices. To achieve this goal, academic literature was analyzed using an academic database. There were set a total of six keywords, used to make a search algorithm, achieving five search terms. For each search, the first four articles of interest were chosen to be reviewed. After the searches for each of the terms, between 72 and 210 articles were found, 20 of them being chosen for final evaluation. Following the undertaken research, it can be stated that MicroResp method is an important tool to assess the physiological profile of the microbial community, featuring a series of advantages that place it ahead of other competing methods