Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
Not a member yet
2222 research outputs found
Sort by
The Resistance of Sunflower to the Attack of Some Pathogenic Agents in the Climate Conditions of the Northeast Baragan
Get PDFDue to its national economic importance, the sunflower crop has established itself as the main oleaginous crop cultivated in Romania. It faces several diseases that are difficult to fight chemically. The creation of hybrids resistant to the attack of pathogens has proven to be an effective, safe, and environmentally friendly solution. This paper aims to examine the resistance of some biological sunflower creations created in Romania, to the attack of Phomopsis helianthi and Phoma macdonaldi fungi, in 2021. The experiment was placed in field conditions with a natural infestation, at A.R.D.S. Braila. The used biological material was represented by nine new sunflower hybrids. Two problem pathogens were studied: Phomopsis helianthi (perfect stage Diaporthe helianthi) and Phoma macdonaldi (perfect stage Leptosphaeria lindquistii). The climatic conditions of 2021 were favorable for the growth of the pathogens. Phoma macdonaldi had an average attack frequency of 38.8% and an average attack intensity of 1.71%, while Phomopsis helianthi recorded average values of 67.8% and 3.08%, respectively. The lowest attack degree of the Phoma macdonaldi pathogen was found in H3 (0.35%). Regarding the pathogen Phomopsis helianthi, the hybrid H3 showed good resistance, with an attack degree of 1.64%
Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] - a Very Useful Plant for People's Health
Get PDFMilk thistle, a species mentioned from the time of Greek philosophers, is well known due to one of its constituents, silymarin, and used in the treatment of several liver disorders. Even though the majority of the documentary data on Silybum marianum focuses on its role in liver diseases, more information has recently become available regarding the herb's beneficial effects on a variety of other diseases, including protection for the kidneys, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, cardiovascular protection, prevention of insulin resistance, particularly in cirrhotic patients, cancer prevention, and Alzheimer's and dementia prevention. Considering the preceding significance, in this paper, we present a synthesis of the knowledge related to the phytochemical constituents of the milk thistle fruits and their pharmaceutical activity, to the origin and spread of the species, to the systematics and cultivated varieties, as well as the influence of the environmental conditions and applied technology on the production and chemical composition of the fruits of these plants
The Use Of Common Pine (Pinus sylvestris) In Pharmaceutical And Food Industry
Get PDFPine is a conifer with wide uses due to its effectiveness for both uses: medical industry and the food industry. Currently, consumers' attention is focused on the use of foods rich in active ingredients and with the lowest possible degree of processing (slow food). The present study describes the main physico-chemical characteristics of pine (Pinus Sylvestris), its importance, its uses in the pharmaceutical industry, in the food industry, the spread on the Romanian territory and the biological activity of pine oil
Phytotherapeutic Uses of Sweet Lupine (Lupinus spp.). Review
Get PDFSweet lupine species have an important protein intake and have multiple uses on the food market, especially for vegetarian, vegan, non-GMO products, as well as for those without lactose, cholesterol, obtained with an ecological technology. Lupine protein contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for human nutrition, increasing the biological value of this crop. The reduction of the alkaloid content of lupine seeds, especially in white and blue lupine, is studied of approx. 100 years, being obtained their decrease from over 2% to less than 0.02%. The chemical composition of lupine seeds is favorable for functional foods that can replace milk, cheese or meat products. Thus, sweet lupine can be an alternative to soy. The use of sweet lupine has important phytotherapeutic effects in lowering blood cholesterol and uric acid in the body
Ecological and Experimental Public Spaces of the Future: The SPIRE research project
Get PDFMost of the ecological experiments conducted so far resulted in limited dissemination and replication of the research results, zero involvement of the citizen in the ecological design, and no educational value of the experiment. Considering these concerns, the aim of our study is to present a novel framework for co-designing urban landscapes polluted with heavy metals (HM). The designed experiments are located inside the city of Baia Mare (Romania), and include 5 brownfields, characterized by different levels of soil HM contamination. At the core of the urban design process stands an interdisciplinary approach which partners scientists from multiple fields related to life sciences (ecologists, agronomists, microbiologists, soil scientists) with urban designers, IT specialists, local municipalities and citizens. The revolutionary approach applied to the ecological and experimental public spaces from Baia Mare city consisted in a co-design process which combined the phytoremediation with future valorization of the biomass produced (via a local environmental bonification system), and the educational value of the ecological experiment
Evaluation of Sambucus nigra as a Natural Food Additive
Get PDFBlack elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has a lot of health benefits and is used for several purposes depending on the morphological part of the plant. Although the benefits of elderflower fruit have been known in Europe and America for a very long time, in recent years it has been of increasing interest to the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present paper shows the evaluation of the biochemical compounds of some extracts from elderberries with the aim of being used as natural food additives. Numerous studies demonstrate that due to its high nutritional value, elderberry can be used as a functional ingredient in a wide range of food products. These fruits contain a small amount of cyanogenic glycosides, which are potentially toxic, for this reason many consider it harmful to the human body, but this compound can be eliminated by applying thermal treatments. Depending on the degree of pollution in the harvesting area, the quality of elderberries may show deficiencies in the amount of biochemical compounds and an increase in the amount of heavy metals. Being rich in antioxidants, flavonoids and volatile compounds, it can be a suitable source for obtaining natural dyes and flavourings
Therapeutic Effects Of Hypericum perforatum L.
Get PDFHypericum perforatum L. popularly called St. John's wort is a medicinal plant recognized especially for its therapeutic effects used in moderate depressive states. The article presents the importance of alternative medicine and also highlights the therapeutic effects of St. John's wort explicitly reported following various scientific studies with applicability in human medicine. The species has proven to be effective in the treatment of several cancers such as carcinoma, lymphoma and leukemia, in inflammatory reactions, in the relief of mild and moderate depression. At the same time, the need to know the possible interactions of the active principles present in the plant with other synthetic chemicals was emphasized
Use Of RAPD Markers For Identification Of Different Varieties In Mentha sp.
Get PDFTen Mentha varieties collected from Botanical Garden of UASVM Cluj-Napoca were studied for genetic diversity among them and to identify of some commercial variety using molecular RAPD markers. A total of thirteen RAPD primers were used, but after amplification only eight was polymorphic. All eight RAPD primers gave a total of 270 amplified products, with an average of 33 fragments per primer. The smallest amplified fragment was 291 pb obtained by OPA01 and the largest was 2371 pb obtained by OPJ10. The analysis of the genetic distances between the mint varieties calculated on the basis of the Jaccard coefficient showed that the used RAPD primers generated a high level of polymorphism dividing the mint varieties into 2 groups depending on the genetic origin and common morphological characteristics
Highlighting Mycorrhizal Structures in Roots of Zea mays L.
Get PDFAgriculture is one of the key economic activities designed to provide food for a growing population. It is expected that 21st-century agriculture will try to reduce the number of fertilizers by using microorganisms, in this category arbuscular mycorrhizas representing a complex set of benefits for plants and ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to identify the mycorrhizal structures present in the roots of Zea mays. The objectives of the research are: i) are mycorrhizae natively present in the corn root and have a constant presence from the first stages of plant development? and ii) what kind of colonization pattern is characteristic of these roots? Maize has prominent fasciculate roots, and due to its intense branching capacity provides increased biological support for the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts. Within the fungal structures highlighted, the most prominent were arbuscules and vesicles. Arum-type arbuscules were mostly observed, Paris-type arbuscules being less common in this species. Vesicles have a low frequency in the root cortex. They are present only in the early stages of plant development. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are present in the root of the Zea mays plant with a constant presence, without major fluctuations
Obtaining a Functional Product from Soy Milk Fortified with Blackcurrant Extract
Get PDFFood is an important factor in maintaining well-being, which is why people should pay special attention to the food they eat. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are increasingly widespread among the population, being accentuated by the active lifestyle, lack of sleep, physical activity or unhealthy diet. This work highlights the bioactive role of black currants and the benefits they bring to health, as well as obtaining a bioactive product that has as raw materials in its composition: soy milk and currants. Starting from Hippocrates' motto, ”Let food become your medicine”, I believe that functional products have an essential role in maintaining health. The main purpose of the work is to identify the properties of red and black currant fruits, in different forms of presentation, in order to be used as a fortifying element in a soy-based food product, which stands out through the physico-chemical, organoleptic and microbiological properties provided of quality standard