South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Detected gene hymolysin in staphylococcus aerues
Full text link Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen characterized by diverse virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity. this organism remains a leading cause of both hospital –acquired and community –associated infections worldwide the hemolysin gene plays an important role in bacterial virulence through its cytolytic activity against host cells
Material and methods: Thirty clinical samples were collected and directly inoculated onto blood agar and mannitol salt agar, followed by incubation at37 ºC for 18-24 hours. Bacterial identification was confirmed through standard microbiologyical techniques including gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. DNA extraction PCR amplification of the hemolysin gene was performed to detect the hemolysin gene was conducted using specific primer. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed for genetic characterization then phylogenetic tree for genes sequenced was constructed by using (MEGA10).
Results: PCR analysis succefully amplified the hemolysin gene for the clinical isolates. eight PCR products sequenced and submitted to GeneBank receving accession numbers LC78668871 LC78668873, LC78668874 LC78668875, LC78668876, LC78668877 LC78668878, LC78668879, LC78668880. were recorded in the database. The prevalence of the hemolysin gene among the tested isolated was 100% indicating its significance in the virulence profile of local S. aureus strains of the through PCR amplification provides a potential rapid ndiagnostic tool for identifying S. aureus infections directly from clinical specimens. The presence of this gene indicates the prevalence of highly virulent and pathogenic strains of S. aureus. Specimens
Conclusion: The PCR for amplification of HLY gene has potential for rapid diagnosis of S. aureus infections by direct testing of clinical specimens. The Sequence gene is one of the modern advanced development technique in molecular biology. In this way genetic relationship can be detected between bacterial isolates rapidl
IN-VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF SULFASALAZINE SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Full text linkNanoparticles, particularly Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), are increasingly utilized as efficient drug delivery systems due to their ability to enhance bioavailability, provide controlled release, and improve drug stability. SLNs offer significant advantages over traditional drug delivery systems, especially in targeting specific sites, such as the colon, for drugs like sulfasalazine used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Sulfasalazine, although effective, suffers from poor solubility and variable bioavailability, limiting its therapeutic potential. In this study, sulfasalazine-loaded SLNs were developed and their in vivo pharmacokinetics were evaluated using a randomized animal model. The pharmacokinetic parameters, including absorption (Tmax), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), and systemic exposure (AUC), were compared between the SLN formulation and pure sulfasalazine. The results demonstrated that SLNs significantly improved the absorption and bioavailability of sulfasalazine, with a higher Cmax and prolonged drug retention compared to the pure drug. The SLN formulation showed a more stable and sustained release profile, suggesting potential advantages in reducing dosing frequency and improving therapeutic efficacy. These findings indicate that sulfasalazine-loaded SLNs offer a promising alternative to conventional formulations, enhancing the drug’s bioavailability and effectiveness in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
CORRELATION OF BODY COMPOSITION WITH HAND GRIP STRENGTH AND BLOOD PRESSURE INDICES IN DIFFERENT GRADES OF OBESITY
Full text linkOBJECTIVES: To find out whether there is any correlation of body mass index, body composition, blood pressure indices and hand grip strength and to find out how body composition measures like body fat percentage and lean body mass are correlated to hand grip strength and blood pressure indices in different grades of obesity.Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighty-one obese participants between the age group of 20-50 years with no history of systemic illness, musculoskeletal disorder, hand pain or deformity were selected. Informed consent was obtained. Biodata and anthropometric measurements were documented in a proforma. HGS is taken from the dominant hand were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Blood pressure was recorded using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Data on BMI was sub grouped according to the World Health Organization defined cutoff values for BMI among Asian population as following: Obese Class I 30-35 kg/m2, Obese Class II 35-40 kg/m2, Obese Class III > 40 kg/m2 to compare the HGS among them. Body composition is taken by skin fold calliper according to 7 site Jackson and pollock formulae.Results: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and HGS (r = −0.513; P < 0.01), BMI and grip strength ratio (r = −0.750; P < 0.01). Statistically significant decrease in HGS was found among Grade III obese participants (29.36 ± 7.01), Obese grade II participants (26.18 ± 5.45) and obese grade I participants (20.48 ± 3.12) with Kruskal–Wallis value χ2 = 14.231. Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between BMI and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.603; P < 0.01), BMI and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.514; P < 0.01), BMI and pulse pressure (r = 0.228; P < 0.01) and between BMI and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.572; P < 0.01).
Conclusion: BMI was found to be negatively correlated with HGS and positively correlated with blood pressure indices. This can influence as an important predictor of morbidity and mortality. Determinants such as grip span, hand span, skeletal muscle bulk, and arm and calf muscle circumference are to be considered for further research to improve the endurance of obese individuals
PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN PATIENT WITH Mc CUNE-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME WITH PATHOLOGICAL PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURE
Full text linkThe McCune- Albright syndrome is a rare disease diagnosed by the clinical triad of fibrous dysplasia (monostotic or polyostotic), cafe-au lait skin pigmentation, and endocrine hyperfunction. Those patients with bone issues mainly involve long bones and craniofacial anomalies. A 9-year-old male having pathological proximal Left femur fracture with hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroid induced hyperthermia with precocious puberty posted for internal fixation and open deduction for the same fracture. The procedure was done under neuraxial anesthesia without any complications
Perception of Patient Family Education Among Physiotherapist, Patient, and Caregiver – A Pilot Study
Full text linkPatient-family education is essential for effective patient care. It leads to shorter hospital stays, reduced readmission rates, and improved self-care management as per evidence. Traditionally, patient education has seen patients and families as passive recipients, with clinicians owning the process. However, a patient-centered approach positively affects motivation, information retention, health outcomes, and treatment adherence. Only a few studies in India have explored perceptions of patient education by therapists, patients, and families. A survey was designed to capture perceptions of patient family education among physiotherapists, patients, and caregivers. Participants included physiotherapists with over three years of experience, hospitalized patients, and their caregivers. Data was collected from Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Multispecialty Clinics, and Small Clinics between April and July 2021, with written informed consent from all subjects. The survey revealed that physiotherapists lacked awareness of various teaching methods for effective patient education. Patients and caregivers indicated that physiotherapists must enhance their communication skills and stay updated on barriers to patient and family education and innovative teaching methods. Physical therapists view patient education as an important component of patient care. This study examined the interaction between the physiotherapist, the patient, and the caregiver. The findings can improve the rehabilitation process and provide qualitative updates on the patient family education
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURES AND TIME ON THE STABILITY OF KETAMINE IN URINE SAMPLES
Full text linkABSTRACT: Introduction: if you are unable to analyse the urine sample within an hour, the sample should be kept in a closed plastic container and refrigerated at about 4°C. It should not be kept for more than a day in room temperature. If the urine sample was not refrigerated, bacteria in it may grow. In addition, the test results may be impacted if this takes place.
Therefore, in order to stop bacterial development and preserve drug concentrations in the urine sample, preservatives need to be added and employed when samples are being stored for a long amount of time.
Objectives: The objectives of this study is to assess the stability of Ketamine in urine samples stored at different temperature and time period by adding the preservatives and without adding the preservatives.
Methods: Extraction was done by using direct method we added 5 ml of urine to Toxi tube-A then we added 50 μl of internal standard, after vortex and centrifuge clear supernatant was taken and evaporated and in the end it was collected with 50 μl of Ethyl Acetate and injected to GC-MS by using Direct method.
Results: The preservative is useful to maintain the safe of the sample, so it’s added to the sample to prevent spoilage caused by bacteria, melds, fungus, and yeast which can affect the reading of the results.
The best concentrations that we saw was while adding the preservative because most of the samples maintained the same concentrations and it didn’t affect the concentrations of the samples because preservative can prevent deterioration from microorganism, enzymes, and exposure to oxygen.
On the other hand, formaldehyde was useful too so formaldehyde can be chosen as another source to preserve or save the sample because formaldehyde made up from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen so it works as anti-bacterial, and it works by interacting with molecules on the cell membrane and in the body tissues to disrupt cellular functions.so formaldehyde can be chosen as another choice to preserve and maintain the sample.
Conclusions: Temperatures can impact microbial growth, so most of the microbes within certain temperature can grow optimally. So, at lower temperature microbes grow slower and at higher temperatures microbes can grow more quickly. That’s why regarding the temperatures we notice the best concentrations at -20 ° C followed by 4 ° C and then comes the room temperature and in the end 40 ° C
Integrating Humanitarian Logistics And Good Distribution Practices (GDP) In Flood Disaster Management: Case Study In Malaysia
Full text linkFlood disasters in Malaysia have become increasingly frequent and severe due to climate change, leading to significant socio-economic and environmental challenges. Effective flood disaster management necessitates an integrated approach that incorporates geospatial analysis, sustainable planning strategies, and efficient distribution systems to enhance flood resilience. This study examines the integration of humanitarian logistics and Good Distribution Practices (GDP) in optimizing flood relief operations, ensuring systematic resource allocation while minimizing socio-economic and environmental impacts. A quantitative research approach was employed, with data systematically collected through structured questionnaires distributed to flood-affected communities across five states: Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Johor, and Melaka. A total of 430 responses were analyzed to identify key logistical and planning factors influencing flood disaster management. The findings underscore the critical role of geographic distribution strategies and optimized supply chain networks in mitigating flood-related disruptions. Integrating spatial logistics planning with GDP principles enhances resource efficiency, reduces operational losses, and improves coordination among government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and communities. Based on these findings, this study proposes evidence-based recommendations to improve flood risk assessment through the development of sustainable distribution frameworks that strengthen disaster response strategies. The proposed framework offers a structured approach to enhancing flood disaster management in Malaysia and other regions vulnerable to climate-induced flooding
A Study on Clinical Profile of Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress
Full text linkPreterm neonates commonly develop respiratory distress, requiring NICU admission especially among <34 weeks of gestation. The timely intervention by CPAP can significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity. CPAP is non invasive method to support spontaneously breathing babies, which is less expensive, easy to operate, requires less skilled staff, less injury than mechanical ventilator. Hence this study was conducted to know the outcome of bubble continuous positive airway pressure in the form of CPAP success and failure rate. A prospective study was conducted on preterm neonates with respiratory distress admitted to a tertiary care hospital. The study analysed the efficacy of B-CPAP therapy, considering various factors such as gestational age, birth weight, duration of CPAP, and length of hospital stay. Statistical data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Epi Info software. Relevant inferential statistical tests like chi- square and t-test were used for better interpretation of the results. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In our study babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome were113(80.7%), birth asphyxia were 12 (8.6%) meconium aspiration were 14(10%) and only one congenital pneumonia case was present. Out of 140 preterm neonates treated with B-CPAP, 85% had a successful outcome, while 15% experienced failure
Exploring Augmented Reality For Early Clinical Exposure Of Healthcare Students: A Review
Full text linkEarly Clinical Exposure (ECE) is a pedagogy to develop confidence and competence in Medical and Allied Health students. Challenges in conventional teaching include less clinical access, varied patient cases, and potential risks to students and patients. This study explores Augmented Reality (AR) as a tool for ECE. It highlights AR’s potential to enhance students’ understanding, skills acquisition, learning outcomes, motivation, and confidence. Though AR is beneficial in improving learning outcomes, it can only be an additive tool, without replacing traditional teaching. Further research is essential to formulate standardized policies, and implementation guidelines, reduce costs, and evaluate long-term effects on clinical expertise
Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia – A Missed Out Mystery Killer In Need Of Imminent Indispensable Investigations !!!
Full text linkIsolated Hypertriglyceridemia can be inherent right from the childhood days but goes undetected as they are silent and symptom-less among the majority. This becomes quite alarming as it starts manifesting the glimpses of its drastic complications at a later age. The Terminology Hypertriglyceridemia is coined to high triglycerides (fats) in blood beyond the normal range. Normal triglyceride level in adults is up to 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). and when the level is enormously increased it raises the risk of Atherosclerosis ,Heart ailments and Pancreatic diseases. Majority with hypertriglyceridemia are symptomless and clueless. Individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia may have xanthomas, that are skin bumps formed when lipids accumulated under your skin. The common causes of Hypertriglyceridemia include Dietary and Lifestyle factors and Genetic lipid disorders. Dietary and Lifestyle factors have powerful influence on the triglyceride level resulting in the conversion of extra calories into triglycerides A genetic disorder with dietary and lifestyle factors usually combine to cause hypertriglyceridemia. The increased Serum triglyceride levels also leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease in joining hands with other risk factors such as Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The increased risk of acute pancreatitis is another complication when serum triglyceride level is very high . A 10 -12 hours fasting serum lipid panel diagnoses hypertriglyceridemia. Certain causes like aging and some medical ailments can never be altered. Still a lot to be practiced in daily life to prevent hypertriglyceridemia. The suggested dietary and lifestyle are Eating regularly a heart-healthy diet and adopting an active Lifestyle involving planned regular exercise