South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Influence Of Performance Appraisal On Satisfaction Of Employees In It Sector
Full text linkThe implementation of performance appraisal is widespread, and it is a significant tool by which the IT sectors can maximize the potential of human resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate how performance appraisal influences the employee’s employees satisfaction. Suitable methodology is used for this research research, entailing the data collections and analyses from databases. Based on the results, it was found that the experience of a positive performance appraisal raises not only employees trust and clarity but also the employees satisfaction. Furthermore, appraisal assists employees by highlighting the company\u27s dedication to address their requirements and support their role in development. In order to increase employees satisfaction, the study emphasizes the values of trust, clarity, adaptability, communication, fairness and relation with peers and supervisors carrying out efficient performance appraisal
Prevention Of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus In High-Risk Adults Using Lifestyle Interventions In Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review
Full text linkBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern, with rising prevalence among adults at high risk due to obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic predisposition. Primary care settings offer a strategic platform for implementing lifestyle interventions aimed at prevention.
Objective: This scoping review aims to map global evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in preventing T2DM among high-risk adults within primary care and community-based settings.
Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2023. Eligible studies included adults aged 18 and above at high risk for T2DM, and evaluated lifestyle interventions—dietary changes, physical activity, and weight management—delivered through primary care or community channels.
Results: Thirty studies met inclusion criteria, predominantly randomized controlled trials and implementation studies. Combined lifestyle interventions significantly reduced the incidence of T2DM, with sustained weight loss emerging as the most consistent predictor of success. Group-based programs and culturally tailored approaches enhanced feasibility and adherence. However, implementation barriers such as limited resources, staff training, and participant engagement were noted, particularly in low-resource settings.
Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions in primary care are effective in preventing T2DM among high-risk adults. Scaling these interventions requires contextual adaptation, policy support, and sustainable delivery models. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and strategies to overcome implementation challenges
Etiology And Risk Factors For Hospital-Acquired Diarrhea In Children
Full text linkBackground and Objectives: Hospital-acquired diarrhea (HAD) remains an underrecognized healthcare-associated infection in low- and middle-income countries, with limited regional data from Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the etiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of HAD among hospitalized adults in Erbil’s tertiary care hospitals.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out for the duration of January to December 2024 in three major hospitals in Erbil, involving 300 children patients (≤18 years) who developed diarrhea ≥ 72 hours after hospital admission. Sociodemographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected through standardized data collection forms, and stool samples were tested by using culture methods, RT-PCR and parasitological methods.
Results: Of the 300 participants (mean age =10.41 ± 5.06 years; 56.6% male), 66.7% had identifiable pathogens. Bacterial pathogens predominated (E. coli 9.7%, C. difficile 13.0%, Salmonella 5.0%, Shigella 4.3%; p = 0.043), followed by viral (rotavirus 10.0%, norovirus 7.3%, adenovirus 5.0%) and parasitic (Giardia 7.7%, Cryptosporidium 5.0%) infections. The majority occurred in medical wards (40.7%) with mean diarrhea frequency of 5.85 ± 2.82 episodes/day. Significant risk factors included antibiotic exposure (73.3%; p < 0.001), particularly meropenem (19.3%) and azithromycin (16.7%), and proton pump inhibitor use (57.0%; p = 0.006). The mean hospital stay was 12.33 ± 7.46 days.
Conclusion: HAD in hospitals in Erbil is primarily of bacterial origin, most notably Clostridium difficile, and is significantly associated with the use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. Thus, measures to advance antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and diagnostic surveillance are necessary to limit in-hospital transmission, and improve patient care
The Influence Of Artificial Intelligence Auto Verification As An Intervention On Bpjs Claim Output: A Case Study At Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan
Full text linkBackground: Hospitals are healthcare facilities that provide specialized medical treatment, care, and services to individuals in need of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery from illness, injury, or other health conditions. Hospitals are usually equipped with a variety of medical professionals, including doctors, nurses, and support staff, and offer a wide range of services (Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2020). Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan is a leading healthcare facility located in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Established under the ownership of PT Murni Sadar Tbk, the hospital aims to provide high-quality medical services to the community. For the continuity of health services provided and legal interests, hospitals are required to conduct medical record activities to ensure patient safety. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 24 of 2022, Medical Records are files containing records and documents on patient data containing patient identity, examination, treatment, actions, and other services that have been provided to patients (Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan develops electronic medical records to perform official patient documentation. An Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a digitized version of a patient¹s paper medical record.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of several factors on the output of BPJS claims at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan, especially in overcoming the problem of pending claims that can hamper hospital cash flow.
Methods: This study used an experimental approach with pre-test and post-test methods to measure the effectiveness of implementing the AI Auto Verification model in overcoming obstacles that cause pending claims on BPJS claims at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan. This approach was conducted by comparing conditions before and after the use of AI through data collection using a questionnaire before the use of the AI Auto Verification model (control) and a questionnaire after the use of the AI Auto Verification model (experimental). Thus, this study can provide a more in-depth analysis of the extent to which the application of the Auto Verification model is able to overcome inhibiting factors, such as the completeness of administration/files, errors in coding, and factors related to machines and manpower.
Results: Based on the results of previous research conducted by Cathryn Gabriella (2020) on the factors affecting the return of BPJS claims for inpatients at Fatmawati Government General Hospital in March - May 2020 there were 218 inpatient claim files returned, consisting of three types of returns, namely due to Membership Administration Factors 1.8%, Service Administration Verification 17%, and Service Verification 81.2%.² The return factor caused by service verification is the most common return factor at Fatmawati Government General Hospital in 2020. Based on other research at Fatmawati Government General Hospital in 2016 on the return of BPJS claims for inpatients in January - April there were 1719 claims returned, consisting of four categories, namely Administrative Improvements 19%, Borrowed Status 7%, Confirmation of Coding 36%, and Completeness of Resume 38%, of the four factors, the most returns came from the Completeness of Resume category 38%.
Conclusion: This analysis will change the BPJS claim variables after the implementation of the Auto Verification model, to test whether there is an increased impact of file completeness, coding accuracy, and optimization of human and machine resources in the BPJS claim process. The results of the analysis show a significant difference between before and after the implementation of AI, so it can be concluded that the AI Auto Verification model is an effective solution to overcome the various obstacles that cause BPJS claims.  
Exploring the Socioeconomic, Cultural and Community Factors on Substance Abuse and Treatment in Northeast India
Full text linkThis study investigates the socioeconomic, cultural and community factors influencing substance abuse and evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs among the clients of Silchar New Life Foundation in Northeast India. Using a cross sectional survey design and quantitative data was collected from 51 registered clients through a structured questionnaire. The survey explored demographic profiles, community attitudes and the perceived effectiveness of substance abuse interventions. Respondents were predominantly young adults aged 18-34 with a balanced gender and marital status distribution. Educational attainment varied with the majority having completed high school. Employment status showed significant diversity with notable portions employed full time, part time or unemployed. Income levels ranged widely reflecting the socioeconomic diversity of the sample. Community attitudes toward substance abuse vary with a mix of permissive, neutral and stigmatizing views. Cultural beliefs and media portrayal were noted as significant influencers of substance abuse behaviors. The effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs was generally viewed positively though barriers such as stigma and fear of legal consequences and limited treatment options were identified. Education and awareness campaigns emerged as the most effective strategies for prevention while the role of religious institutions in treatment was highly regarded
AN ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS OBESITY AMONG A SAMPLE OF COLLEGES STUDENTS IN KARBALA PROVINCE - IRAQ
Full text linkBackground: Obesity is a significant global public health issue, becoming increasingly prevalent as dietary habits and physical activities change. It is linked to conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, gallstones, and diabetes. Young people play a crucial role in the community, and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding obesity can positively impact their families and the broader community. Understanding the perspectives and beliefs of young individuals is essential. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducting to assess the knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate students towards obesity in Karbala Province.Methodology: A sample of undergraduate students was surveyed to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards obesity between November 1, 2023, and April 29, 2024. The study included 444 participants chosen through a simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire, comprising two sections, was used to gather data. The first section covered demographic characteristics, while the second section assessed knowledge and attitudes based on criteria designed by the researchers according to WHO guidelines. Experts before implementation reviewed the questionnaire.Result:- Out of the total sample in the study, 284(64%) were females and 160 (36%) males. 59.9 % of the participants was in the age group ≤ 20 years. As overall assessment for obesity knowledge level, 54 % had Good & Acceptable score. On the other hands, more than 86% had positive attitude score.Conclusion: - More than half of participants demonstrated good awareness about obesity. Moreover, 86% of the students exhibited a highly positive attitude towards reducing obesity
Impact of COVID 19 Infection on Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients and Correlation with PDL1 Expression
Full text linkBackground: COVID-19, a respiratory tract infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Elevated IL-10 levels in COVID-19 patients may indicate the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the development of acute viral infections and monocyte rearrangement. Aim of work: To assess the correlation between COVID 19 infection in advanced NSCLC patients and PDL1 expression with its impact on clinical outcome. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Medical Oncology departments, National Cancer Institute (NCI) during the period from (April 2021- to October 2023). Patients were recruited over 6 months, and they were being followed up for 24 months. Demographic and clinical features of the patients were collected in addition to the histopathological results, the radiological studies, different lines of treatment received and the response to it. Re-evaluation with CT scans every 3 months to detect tumor response to chemotherapy according to RECIST criteria 1.1. Nasopharyngeal & nasal swab specimens were collected for Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), with a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Detection of PDL1 expression by immunohistochemistry was done. Results: 19.2% of our patients had a negative PDL1 expression and 80.8% had a positive PDL1 expression. Conclusion: COVID 19 infection in advanced NSCLC patients can be correlated with PDL1 expression
Impact of Theraband Training on Selected Skill Variables of Volleyball players
Full text linkThe purpose of the study was to find out the impact of theraband training on selected skill variables of volleyball players. In this study, volleyball players from Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli were tested using a pretest and posttest design, as well as a control group. A total of 30 female volleyball players were enlisted and divided into two groups: experiment (15) and control (15). The level of jump service and tennis service in both groups was assessed and documented using the Subjective rating. The players in the experiment group participated in 12-week training sessions, while the players in the control group did not get any treatment. ANCOVA with a post-hoc test was used. The study found that theraband training is a successful strategy for developing jump service and tennis service with volleyball players, with long-term impact
Identity Crisis: The Construction and Role of Virtual Selfhood in Suicides
Full text linkThe Internet and World Wide Web have woven together humanity in new ways, creating global communities, new forms of identity and pathology, and new modes of intervention. The Internet sites are transforming the ways emerging adults engage with others in their social worlds. This qualitative study examines communication processes of identity construction within social interactions among emerging adults using multiple social networking sites.The most common use of the Internet among youth is to communicate with peers (Subrahmanyam et al., 2001). Social networking sites are transforming the ways they do so as they become more widely used and replace face-to-face interactions with online exchanges (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). Because adolescents and emerging adults construct their identities through peer interactions (Erikson, 1959; Arnett, 2000), suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 10–24 years old globally (Patton et al., 2009), examining the nature of their online communication is critical to understanding the potential implications of these technologies for the process of identity development. The goal of this study is to scrutinize how emerging adults present themselves to each other on social networking sites, as they construct a shared and relatively public social space in which images of the self are broadcast. This study also surveys (a) how the Internet is transforming human functioning, personhood, and identity through the engagement with electronic media; (b) how electronic networking gives rise to the emergence of new pathologies of the Internet, for example Internet addiction, group suicide, and cyber bullying, and imbalanced mental health concerns
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCHOOL CHOICE BETWEEN PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT SCHOOL BASED ON PARENTAL ASPIRATIONS IN THOUBAL DISTRICT
Full text linkThe choice of school is a critical issue nowadays. Parents are the consumers in the educational market and, therefore, spend a crucial amount of time and information choosing the right school when their children start attending school. School choice is based on Parental Aspirations for their children, which is an essential component. The study\u27s objective is to examine the role of parental aspirations in the school choice of their children among the Scheduled Caste and the general population in Thoubal. The study\u27s design is a cross-section and uses a purposive sampling method. Method: The population of the study comprises 199 Parents (92 parents from Thoubal Khunou (Schedule Caste) and 107 parents from Phoudel Keirambi (General) in Thoubal district, children who were attending school in the age range of 6-15 years. Data was collected using schedules of questioners through interview methods and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools such as descriptive statistics. Result: School choice based on educational aspiration; government schools choose up to class XII, and private schools choose graduate, postgraduate, and higher education. Choice of school based on Job Aspiration: Private schools were the most popular, and government schools were the least popular. No one chose a government school for a low-income status job. Conclusion: These parental aspirations regarding their employment and education were not up-to-date in the government school. As of now, the choices of Private schools were most. However, the characteristics of the government schools improved; parents started choosing government schools, and parents preferred to choose government schools