South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Respiratory endurance in asymptomatic smokers
Get PDFIntroduction: Cigarette smoking is a significant health hazard and remains the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. The consistent practice of Pranayama and Om chanting has been shown to influence various body systems, particularly the respiratory system. This study aims to explore the impact of traditional techniques such as Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB) and Om chanting on respiratory endurance in symptomatic smokers. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pranayam and Om chanting on respiratory endurance. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India. The study spanned eight weeks and involved 100 participants, both male and female, aged 18 to 25 years, all asymptomatic smokers. Baseline measurements of anthropometric parameters and respiratory endurance parameters, including BHTi, BHTe, and the 40 mmHg test, were recorded at the beginning of the study and again after the eight-week intervention. Respiratory endurance was compared using the paired t-test. Results: Comparison of parameters of respiratory (BHTi, BHTe, and 40mmHg) were also found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.001*). Conclusion: After the 8-week intervention, there was a significant improvement in all the measured parameters. Both Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB) and Om chanting, as forms of yogic breathing, can serve as complementary alternative therapies alongside medication for individuals with chronic obstructive lung diseases
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Cellular Profiles in Acute Gastroenteritis Patients with Comorbidities: A Retrospective Study in a Resource-Limited Setting
Get PDFThis study aims to compare critical laboratory parameters in patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) with various comorbidities, highlighting trends and abnormalities in biochemistry and cellular profiles. Conducted at Yatharth Hospital, Greater Noida, India, this retrospective study includes 284 patients admitted between March 2018 and May 2022. Key parameters such as total leukocyte count (TLC), sodium, and liver enzymes (SGPT/SGOT) were evaluated and compared across different age groups and comorbidities, including dehydration, acute febrile illness, diabetes, and hypertension. Significant deviations were identified in patients with comorbidities, particularly in sodium levels and liver enzyme markers, which may aid in early detection and management. This study\u27s findings provide valuable insights for resource-limited settings, contributing to more effective treatment strategies and resource allocation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where AGE remains a major health concern
Evaluating Olive oil Quality and Food Safety Compliance in Tirana, Albania, Retail Markets
Get PDFThe debate over the significance of the quality of fats in our diet has been present in recent decades. Olive oil (OO) is unique among vegetable oils due to its alleged health benefits. Quality assessment, including the traceability of food products through control of the primary compounds, is a key step. Bottled OOs in retail markets have been subject to deceptive labeling, fraud, and adulteration. Health concerns are associated with mixing them with different vegetable oils. We investigated the fatty acid (FA) composition of several bottled olive oils from popular domestic brands in Tirana retail markets, using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.This study\u27s results show that olive oils\u27 fatty acid (FA) composition (OOs) does not reflect adulteration. The levels of trans-fatty acids (trans-FAs) were below the threshold established by European Union regulation 2568/91, as amended by 1989/2003. Specifically, oleic acid content ranged from 64.71% to 75.62%, palmitic acid from 8.43% to 14.26%, and linoleic acid from 6.64% to 13.1%. Furthermore, linolenic acid levels were below 1%, indicating that mixing with other vegetable oils is not evident. The trans-FA levels aligned with the label information, and the linolenic acid values were between 0.38% and 0.94%. The fatty acid profile of these olive oils demonstrated low saturated FA levels and a high concentration of monounsaturated FA. Our findings indicate that bottled olive oils from the Kalinjoti cultivar are appropriate for marketing as mono-cultivar brands. However, this is not advisable for bottled olive oils from Nisioti and Bardhi Tirana cultivars because they exhibit lower oxidative stability.
Spinal anaesthesia in a patient with reported scorpion venom induced local anaesthetic resistance for a case of wound debridement for early physiotherapy
Get PDFA 63-year-old male was referred to the emergency department with road traffic accident injury to right lower limb. Patient had history of hypertension, chronic alcoholism, smoking, and scorpion sting twice 20 years ago. He had history of failed peribulbar block earlier. He developed necrotizing fasciitis for which he required general surgical debridement. Initial attempt with spinal anaesthesia with 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was ineffective and as was an epidural top up. The case was conducted with General anaesthesia with supraglottic airway device. Since this poor response to local anaesthetics was preceded by stings of scorpion, it was decided to try a different drug regimen for intrathecal anaesthesia. A mixture of intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% (0.6 ml), and pethidine 50 mg (1 ml), followed by intrathecal dexmedetomidine 5 mcg (0.1 ml) was administered, with a total volume of 1.7 ml. This case highlights challenges in treating scorpion envenomation due to sodium channel alterations by combining drugs with different target
A Review of Pathogenesis, Genetic Polymorphisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches of Vitiligo
Get PDFVitiligo is a depigmenting skin condition characterized by a specific melanocyte depletion, resulting in melanin attenuation inside the skin\u27s damaged regions. A distinguishing feature is a completely amelanotic, non-scaly, chalky-white macule with clear borders. The understanding of the etiology of vitiligo has advanced significantly in recent years. It is now categorically recognized as an autoimmune disorder associated with metabolism and oxidative stress, including cellular detaching diseases, as well as hereditary and environmental factors. The consequences of vitiligo can be mentally distressing and frequently have a significant impact on daily life; thus, this should never be dismissed as an esthetic or minor illness. The two main types of the condition recognized by a global consensus in 2011 were nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) and segmental vitiligo (SV). The term "vitiligo" was chosen to refer to all NSV types (including acrofacial, mucosal, generalized, universal, mixed, and rare variants). One of the most important critical decisions made by this consensus was to distinguish SV from other types of vitiligo, especially given the implications for prognosis
Role of training on counseling skills during Internship- A prototype study on Preoperative counselling skills
Get PDFBackground: Interns frequently exhibit inadequate preoperative counseling skills, adversely impacting patient care and satisfaction. Objective: This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of communication skills between trained and untrained medical interns in preoperative counseling for major elective surgeries. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted involving 100 interns from the 2024-25 batch at Burdwan Medical College, randomized into Group T (trained, n=50) and Group U (untrained, n=50). Group T received a two-hour training session comprising a one-hour classroom lecture with audiovisual materials and a one-hour group discussion and role-play. Both groups were assessed through Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) stations involving standardized patients and relatives. Performance was evaluated using a pre-validated five-point scale by independent observers. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and Chi-Square tests, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Trained interns (Group T) demonstrated significantly superior communication skills compared to untrained interns (Group U). The mean performance score for Group T was 4.06 (SD=0.93) versus 2.78 (SD=1.23) for Group U (p<0.001). Specifically, in addressing key counseling questions, 80% of Group T correctly addressed Q1 compared to 52% of Group U (p=0.003). For Q2, 84% of Group T versus 54% of Group U answered correctly (p=0.001); Q3 saw 78% versus 54% (p=0.011); Q4, 72% versus 48% (p=0.014); and Q5, 92% of Group T compared to 72% of Group U (p=0.009). These findings indicate a substantial enhancement in the ability of trained interns to effectively communicate preoperative information. Conclusion: A concise, two-hour training intervention significantly enhances medical interns\u27 preoperative counseling skills, advocating for its integration into the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LINALOOL IN CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT - IN SILICO AND IN VIVO STUDIES
Get PDFThe growing prevalence of stress-induced cognitive impairment is becoming a significant concern, although the precise mechanism is still not fully understood. The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model is widely used to study stress-induced cognitive impairment, as it correlates with cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and abnormal cortisol levels in humans. Linalool, known for its traditional use in alleviating anxiety, acting as an antidepressant, sedative, and neuroprotective agent, was investigated in this study. The research explored the genes involved in stress-induced cognitive impairment through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo methods to assess linalool\u27s neuroprotective effects. The study identified PTGS2, GSK3B, MAPK1, JAK2, PARP1, KDR, NR3C1, MDM2, PRKCA, and MAPK8 as key targets for therapeutic activity in CUS and a strong docking score with PTGS2. The network analysis revealed that neuroprotective effects of linalool have been associated with its modulation of neurodegeneration and sphingolipid signaling pathways, indicating that linalool may inhibit these pathways. The in vivo findings showed that Linalool ameliorated the chronic stress induced behavioral changes, reduced the acetylcholinesterase levels in the brain and corticosterone levels in blood. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that linalool possesses neuroprotective properties and could be a potential target for treating cognitive impairment
Digitalization in dental implants
Get PDFThis article examines the transformative impact of digitalization on implant dentistry, with a particular focus on technological advancements that have significantly enhanced patient outcomes, treatment precision, and procedural efficiency. Key digital technologies under investigation for their potential to augment diagnostic accuracy and optimize implant placement include intraoral scanners, computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing in implantology is also explored, emphasizing its role in accelerating prosthesis fabrication and streamlining clinical workflows. Additionally, the paper delves into the emerging contributions of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing surgical precision and improving implant success rates. The conclusion provides an outlook on the future trajectory of digital implantology, highlighting ongoing technological innovations that hold promise for further advancements in patient care and clinical outcomes.
COMPARISON OF OROPHARYNGEAL LEAK PRESSURE (OLP) OF I-GEL AND BLOCKBUSTER LMA DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Get PDFBackground: Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) such as the i-gel and the BlockBuster LMA are widely used in various types of surgeries to provide a secure airway and minimize the complications associated with endotracheal intubation. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) is a key indicator of how well an SAD can maintain a seal under positive pressure ventilation, especially with elevated intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum. While several SADs are commercially available, there is a paucity of data comparing the i-gel and the BlockBuster LMA with regard to OLP in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: A randomized comparative study was conducted in 70 adult patients (ASA I–II, aged 18–45 years) undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Participants were allocated into two groups of 35 each: Group I (i-gel) and Group B (BlockBuster LMA). The primary outcome was OLP measured at four time points: (1) 1 minute after SAD insertion, (2) 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, (3) 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, and (4) 5 minutes after release of pneumoperitoneum. Secondary outcomes included peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), ease and time of insertion, hemodynamic changes, and device-related complications.Results: The mean OLP values were significantly higher in the BlockBuster LMA group across all four time points compared to the i-gel group (p < 0.001). However, peak inspiratory pressures and hemodynamic parameters did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). The time to insert the device and the number of insertion attempts were comparable, and both devices demonstrated good airway quality with no clinically significant difference in complications.Conclusion: The BlockBuster LMA provided higher oropharyngeal leak pressures compared to the i-gel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Both devices achieved adequate ventilation and demonstrated comparable safety profiles. The BlockBuster LMA may be preferable in clinical scenarios where higher OLP is desired, although i-gel remains a reliable alternative
THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF EDUCATION INEQUALITIES IN TAMILNADU
Get PDFEducation is fundamental to the HR improvement and strengthening in the phases of development of a country. Interest in schooling and instructive establishments ought to be seen as a speculation for monetary flourishing. Interest in human resources, deep rooted learning and quality training help in the improvement of society and country. Among the different assets, the significance of schooling in human asset advancement has been perceived overall by every one of the areas of the general public. It is obviously that schooling is the pre-essential for the improvement of a general public, as a significant part of improvement process, instruction could be sensibly great marks of economical turn of events. Through the development of instructive offices has been enormously improved, yet the pace of progress isn\u27t seen as noteworthy to decrease the financial dissimilarity in schooling. The majority of states in India have wide contrasts as far as instructive enrolment including the territory of Tamil Nadu. This paper is to separate the level of uniqueness in enrolment of high level training in Tamil Nadu and the helper data gathered from the picked enlightening estimations of MHRD, Organization of India for the period quite a while from 2011-2022. The Gather Yearly Advancement Pace of enrolment was augmentation at 4. 34% for SC students, 2.17 percent for OBC students, yet it decreases at 7.49 percent for different social affairs during the past 10 years. The Gross Enrolment Proportion of SC and OBC students were essentially augments, yet the student enrolment in high level training of different social occasions were declined. It is out and out noticed that the difference among SC and Non-SC were meanwhile remaining in permission to getting enrolment in high level training. Though, the level of disparity was declining in the GER since the SC student enrolment was rapidly increases during latest quite a while from 2011-2022. This paper has recommended that the Public authority should mention fruitful objective fact procedure on attestation strategy thus ensure the appropriate degree of selection to the SCs student in Secret Educational Establishments, as tutoring foundations have been growing alarmingly in Tamil Nadu. In light of the specific situation, the current paper primarily means to investigate the disparities of training in Tamil Nadu over the timeframe. It attempts to follow the patterns gathering wise and level wise Enlistment, Degree of differences in enrolment in the state; and to offer potential systems for reinforcing the training and the decrease of variations in schooling in the stat