South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Exploring Stress, Coping Mechanisms, and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study in Trivandrum"
Full text linkThe rising prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) brings numerous difficulties for parents, especially mothers who typically assume the primary caregiving role for these children. In the Trivandrum district of Kerala, 424 individuals within the disabled community have been diagnosed with autism, highlighting the significance of this issue. This study aims to explore the levels of stress, quality of life, and coping mechanisms of mothers with children who have ASD to comprehend how these elements influence their caregiving abilities. The mental well-being of parents is essential for the growth of children with ASD, and harmful societal perceptions, along with caregiving stress, can have dangerous repercussions for the whole family. Even though there is an increasing prevalence of autism diagnoses, resources that support parents, especially concerning their emotional and psychological requirements, remain limited. The study highlights the importance of developing evidence-based interventions to assist parents in building effective coping strategies, reducing stress, and enhancing their quality of life. The study seeks to find coping and working mechanisms that will inform targeted programs to fortify parental resilience in boosting better caregiving practices. The conclusion shows the necessity of an all-rounded intervention to give mothers practical tools and emotional support. The implicit message indicated here is that such initiatives ought to be framed within policies explicitly addressing the needs of families with a child diagnosed with autism. The study proposes that integrated interventions involving social support, stress management, and service provision may help reduce maternal stress, benefiting the entire family. This research concentrates on these aspects to emphasise the significance of establishing a supportive and nurturing atmosphere for both mothers and their children, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for the affected families
Novel microdialysis method for complex generic products
Full text linkA novel microdialysis method was utilised to evaluate the degree and range of drug dispersion from different formulations, including suspensions, emulsions, liposomes, and drug-protein complexes. The particles were sorted according to size using a microdialysis technique and then released, and the remaining medicines were examined simultaneously. To calculate the compound\u27s initial flow, buffer solutions containing the drug (donor side) and drug-free buffer solutions (receiver side) were dialysed. The drug presence velocity on the receiver side was monitored. By using the micro dialysis approach, discriminatory drug release profiles were obtained for both the medication in solution and small-size suspension. This study examines the use of dialysis cartridges in developing in vitro evaluation methods for complex formulations
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS
Full text linkThis study explores the profound impact of technological advancements on the organizational structure and operations of businesses in the contemporary era. As the pace of technological innovation accelerates, organizations worldwide are compelled to adapt to these changes to remain competitive and sustainable in a dynamic marketplace. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to comprehensively analyse the multifaceted effects of technology on organizational dynamics. A combination of surveys, interviews, and case studies were conducted across a diverse range of industries and company sizes to provide a nuanced understanding of the subject matter. The findings reveal several significant trends that indicate the transformational nature of technology in shaping organizational structures. First, the implementation of cutting-edge technologies has facilitated the decentralization of decision-making processes, leading to the emergence of flatter hierarchies and agile organizational structures. This shift has empowered employees at various levels to contribute ideas and innovate, fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Second, technological advancements have paved the way for greater flexibility in work arrangements, enabling remote work, flexible schedules, and virtual collaborations. This, in turn, has impacted workforce dynamics, leading to a more diverse and globalized workforce with implications for talent acquisition and retention strategies. The study highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and data analytics in enhancing operational efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. Automation of routine tasks has freed up human resources to focus on more strategic and creative aspects of their roles, driving innovation and value creation. The study discusses the challenges organizations face in adopting and integrating new technologies, such as cyber security risks, ethical concerns, and the need for up skilling the workforce to remain digitally competent
Value Creation through Urban Community Intellectual and Human Capital: A Case Study of Thai Herbal Products in Dusit District, Bangkok
Full text linkThis research explores the incorporation of local knowledge and human capital in the development of herbal products in Dusit District, Bangkok Thailand, aiming to enhance community socioeconomic value. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, the study engaged 153 research participants. The Appreciation, Influence, and Control (AIC) process was applied through workshops to examine power dynamics in the local product development process. The study highlights the community’s collaborative efforts in creating herbal products such as balms, oils, and inhalers, drawing on traditional knowledge. The findings revealed that Dusit District, once home to Thai royalty, preserves a rich legacy of traditional knowledge and cultural value. This heritage, passed down from Generation X to Generation Y, embodies local wisdom and human capital, with the use of herbs in daily life emerging as a key area for generating community income. By developing innovative herbal products unique to the urban community, such as herbal balms, the community can improve physical and mental health while generating economic income and fostering social value for its elders, whose wisdom was essential to the development of these products. This social support strengthened community cohesion and promoted sustainable development
Efficacy, Safety, and Antimicrobial Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation (Ocemic Capsule) in the Treatment of Otitis Media: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Full text linkthe present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effect and safety of proprietary polyherbal formulation labelled as Ocemic capsule on otitis media in ear. It is A single blind randomized, controlled clinical study in institutional setting Post Ethics Committee permission, screened otitis media, both ASOM and CSOM patients of either sex aged 20-60 years were randomized to trail group and controlled group for 11 days. Major assessment variables included Culture and sensitivity, audiological evaluation by Audiometry (PTA) and effect on symptoms otorrhea otalgia and changes in perforation. All selected patient were observed till 11 days in both groups, screening was done on day 0 for inclusion in study patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomized into either group and follow up on 3rd, 6th, 9th,11th. From day 1 drug will be started up to day days on 11-day patient will be assed for after trail results. Audiometry was done on 0th and 11th dayMean ± standard deviation median (range) and Wilcoxon Rank sum test/Mann–Whitney test for nonparametric data analysis, were done. For pain parameter normality does not satisfy hence used Wilcoxon test instead of “t test” GraphPad IN Stat software, version 9 was used with p < 0.05, as the level of statistical significance.The primary outcomes included the resolution of key symptoms (pain, ear discharge, tympanic membrane perforation), audiometric improvements, and microbial culture sensitivity. Results revealed that Ocemic capsule significantly outperformed cefixime in reducing pain, ear discharge, improving hearing, and promoting tympanic membrane healing. The formulation demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity, suggesting its potential as a safe, effective alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating otitis media
Prognostic Model for Predicting the Probability of Post-Rhinoplastic Complications, Accounting for Patients Potential Confounding Factors
Full text linkObjectives: Post-rhinoplasty complications prognosticating can improve frontal appearance accuracy, but research on their occurrence is limited. Addressing postoperative complications and discussing them before surgery can enhance patient satisfaction and ensure a safe and successful procedure.Methods: This study examined the outcomes of rhinoplastic surgery in patients with various conditions, including those with previous maxillofacial interventions, cardiovascular or coagulopathy disorders, uncontrolled high blood pressure, and severe nasal deformities. Patients were excluded from the study due to their age, gender, and other factors. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Human Subjects Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Hashemite University. Patients were given nasal packing, antibiotics, painkillers, and instructions on postoperative care. A cox-regressional proportional hazard model was used to predict the likelihood of complications following rhinoplasty. The study focused on composited outcomes (cOI) and evaluated the significance of ∑points. The study included a primary comparison group, which consisted of better cOI (∑cOI <3) and poorer cOI (∑cOI≥3). The data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Office LTSC Professional Plus 2021 Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.Results: A study of 269 patients underwent rhinoplasty surgery, with 63.57% having better cOI and classified as Group I. However, 36.43% had poorer cOI and were placed in Group II. The study included 143 women (53.2%) and 126 men (468.8%) participants. There were no statistically significant differences between the rates of men and women in Groups I and II. The study also dichotomized patients\u27 ages into those under 35 years and those over 35 years. The distribution of patients\u27 comorbidity burden was significant across Group I-II when the AACCI score was dichotomized into <3 and ≥3 categories. There was a significant difference in the rates of death in the non-administered Dex IV group and the administered Dex IV group. MVs were given less often versus more often, and the rates of distribution were also statistically different between Groups I and II. The study found a significant spread of both conservative strategies across Groups I and II. The cox-regressional proportional hazard modelling revealed a significant adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all tested potential confounders except for patients\u27 age and gender. Both TXA and TP had a negative impactful coefficient, while both potential confounders of experiencing perioperatively Dex IV and previous regularity of MVs supplementations had significantly reduced directional effects on the probability for cOI..Conclusion: The study found a significant adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all potential confounders except age and gender. Intraoperative TXA and post-procedural TP had a negative impactful coefficient. Perioperative Dex IV and previous regularity of MVs supplementations reduced the probability of cOI. However, patients\u27 potential confounders of AACCI and OS had significantly adjusted HR but positively impactful on cOI
Evaluating the Efficacy of MgSO4 as an Adjuvant to 0.5% Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular-Intercostobrachial Nerve Blocks for Upper Extremity Hemodialysis Vascular Access Surgery
Full text linkBackgroundPeripheral nerve blocks are a preferred anesthetic technique in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis vascular access. A limitation of this technique is the long onset time required to achieve total sensory and motor block. The use of the adjuvant magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is believed to address this limitation and enhance the effectiveness of the block.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of using MgSO4 20% 2000 mg as an adjuvant in the supraclavicular-intercostobrachial nerve block to expedite the onset time necessary to achieve total sensory and motor block and to prolong the duration of analgesia in patients undergoing upper extremity hemodialysis vascular access surgery. The hypotheses are as follows: 1) MgSO4 as an adjuvant reduces intraoperative fentanyl requirements due to enhanced analgesic effects; 2) MgSO4 decreases perioperative NLR, reflecting reduced systemic inflammation; and 3) MgSO4 modulates PLR, indicating its potential role in controlling platelet activation and inflammatory response.MethodsThis study utilized a randomized controlled trial design with an open-label approach involving 28 patients undergoing upper extremity hemodialysis vascular access surgery at RSUP Prof. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah. Subjects were divided into two groups: one receiving the adjuvant MgSO4 20% 200 mg and the other without adjuvant. Patients were then evaluated for the time required to achieve total sensory block, time to reach total motor block, and the duration of analgesia.ResultsAmong the 28 participants analyzed, the group receiving the MgSO4 adjuvant showed a faster time to reach total sensory block, total motor block, and extended duration of analgesia from the nerve block. In the group with MgSO4, the average time to achieve total sensory block was 10.08 ± 0.90 minutes, compared to 17.19 ± 1.85 minutes in the group without adjuvant. For total motor block, the group with MgSO4 had an average time of 17.98 ± 1.26 minutes, whereas the group without adjuvant had an average of 25.19 ± 2.22 minutes. Additionally, the group using MgSO4 had an average duration of analgesia of 473.43 ± 28.69 minutes, compared to 266.5 ± 22.79 minutes in the non-adjuvant group.ConclusionThe use of MgSO4 20% 200 mg as an adjuvant in the supraclavicular-intercostobrachial nerve block accelerates the onset time of sensory block, motor block and prolongs the duration of analgesia from the block
UNRAVELING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ORAL SUB MUCOUS FIBROSIS: MECHANISMS AND INSIGHTS
Full text linkOral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is defined by enhancing irreversible fibrosis of the oral mucous membrane, a potentially malignant disorder that results in dysphagia, restricted mouth opening and in an advanced case, the onset of malignancy. Immunological, environmental, and genetic factors all play a part in the complex pathophysiology of OSF . The most well-established risk factor is long-term chewing of areca nuts (betel nuts), which causes an inflammatory response that produces collagen and other extracellular matrix components, ultimately resulting in fibrosis. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 and TGF-β influences the activation of fibroblast and collagen deposition, may be involved, according to molecular research. The disease also progresses as a result of oxidative stress and genetic abnormalities, especially in genes linked to collagen. In a small percentage of cases, this diseased process may eventually result in malignant transformation. The pathophysiology of OSF is reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on molecular pathways along with prospective therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention
The Impact of AI on Global Supply Chain Management: A Review of Literature
Full text linkThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Global Supply Chain Management (SCM). The integration of AI technologies, including machine learning, predictive analytics, and automation, has revolutionized traditional supply chain processes by enhancing efficiency, visibility, and decision-making capabilities. The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in global supply chain management (SCM) is increasingly seen as a critical enabler of efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. This literature review synthesizes the findings of papers examining the role of AI in transforming supply chains, focusing on its impact on decision-making, operational optimization, and risk management. The review identifies key AI technologies such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and automation that drive improvements in areas like demand forecasting, inventory management, and logistics optimization. Despite the significant potential of AI to enhance supply chain performance, challenges related to data quality, cost of implementation, and workforce adaptation are also highlighted. The review further emphasizes the need for a more integrated approach to AI, combining it with other technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain to maximize benefits. Practical and theoretical implications for supply chain managers, technology developers, and policymakers are discussed, alongside recommendations for future research in areas like AI ethics, SME adoption, and cross-technology integration
Clinical, Bacteriological And Radiological Profile Of Patients With Community Acquired Pneumonia In A Tertiary Care Hospital In South India
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Pneumonia is one of the most common infections encountered in the clinical practice. Despite being the cause of significant mortality and morbidity, pneumonia is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Pneumonia is defined as inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue due to an infectious agent. Pneumonia that develops outside the hospital is considered community acquired pneumonia (CAP).OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, radiological, and bacteriological profile of patients with community- acquired pneumonia To evaluate CURB- 65 scoring system in community acquired pneumonia in tertiary care hospital.MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was done in DEPARTMENT OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, TAGORE MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, CHENNAI, TAMILNADU. The period of data collection was from January 2023 to December 2023. Eighty one patients were included in the study. A detailed history and examination, chest x-ray, routine laboratory investigation and sputum culture was done for all the patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia. CURB65 scoring system were applied to all the patients included in this study to assess the severity and prognosis.RESULTS: In the study it was observed that most of the patients were among 56 to 65 years of age group. The disease occurrence was more common in males. In the present study all the patients were symptomatic. The most common presenting symptom was cough and fever, followed by breathlessness(40. 7%), chest pain (22.2%) and confusion ( 3.7 %). Fever was equally distributed among both the age group. But cough and breathlessness was more among the older age group. The most common risk factor was smoking (43.2%) and alcohol intake (40 .7 %). The co-morbidities diabetes ( 29. 6%) and COPD (24.7 %) were seen predominantly in these patients. Streptococcus pneumonia( 38. 3%) was the most common etiological agent identified through sputum culture followed by gram negative organism (klebsiella and pseudomonas). Radiologically, the lower lobe was more commonly involved followed by middle lobe. There was no correlation between the causative agent and radiological appearance. The rate of ICU admission was 14%. Two patients in our study had died. CURB 65 was applied to all the patients and CURB 65 proved to be a good prognostic indicator for assessing the severity of community acquired pneumonia