South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study at Mubarak Hospital, Peshawar
Full text linkPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with significant implications beyond reproductive health, including metabolic and psychological challenges. Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in women with PCOS and is associated with insulin resistance, a key feature of this condition. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic and endocrine parameters in 180 premenopausal women diagnosed with PCOS and exhibiting vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 75 nmol/L). Participants received either vitamin D or a placebo for 24 weeks, with follow-up assessments conducted at 12 weeks to explore short-term effects. The primary outcome was the change in plasma glucose area under the curve (AUCgluc), while secondary outcomes included serum testosterone levels and menstrual frequency. Preliminary findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation may lead to significant improvements in metabolic profiles and endocrine abnormalities associated with PCOS. Further analysis is required to establish the robustness of these findings and solidify vitamin D\u27s role as a potential adjunct therapy in managing PCOS
Royal Jelly Potentially Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation after Physical Activity: A Systematic Literarure Review
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze and highlight the potential of Royal Jelly in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation after physical activity/exercise. This study used a systematic literture review (SLR) method by searching in various journal databases such as Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published within the last 15 years and articles that discussed Royal Jelly, Free Radicals, and Physical Exercise. A total of 1837 articles from the Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were identified. A total of 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed for this SLR. For operating standards, this study followed the PRISMA assessment. The results of this systematic research review reported that the flavonoid content found in Royal Jelly has anti-oxidant properties. In addition, Royal Jelly\u27s anti-inflammatory properties can reduce uncontrolled inflammation caused by intense physical activity and exercise. In this case, royal jelly works by inhibiting inflammation by increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10), which show significant pro-inflammatory effects such as TNF-α. We recommend royal jelly be used in individuals to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation caused by intense physical activity and exercise
Performance Analysis on Deep Learning State of Art Algorithms for Object Recognition
Full text linkThe goal of computer vision, a subfield of computer science, is to replicate some of the intricacies of the human visual system so that machines can recognize and interpret images and videos in the same manner that humans do. Until recently, computer vision was only used in a restricted capacity. In the past few years, artificial intelligence has advanced significantly, outperforming humans in a number of tasks involving object detection, recognition, and classification. This has allowed computer vision to grow exponentially in terms of increasing the precision with which machines can recognize the objects in and around the surrounding environment. A computer vision technology called object recognition helps find and identify objects in a series of images and videos. Despite the fact that the image of the things varies in different viewpoints, different sizes and scales, or when they are translated or rotated, humans can recognise a large number of objects in images with minimal effort. Even when partially obscured from view, human vision system has the greatest capability to identify the objects. Whereas, for computer vision systems, this task is still a difficulty. Over the years, several different approaches and innovations in the algorithm have been tried to impose the human’s capability into a computer’s vision system. This paper provides a thorough investigation on the evolution of Object Recognition algorithms, datasets used and its performance metrics in a precise manner which will guide the future researchers a direction to proceed their research in innovating algorithms with better accuracy
Impact of Implementation of GST Among Retailers with Special Reference to Valanchery Municipality, Kerala
Full text linkThis research paper explores the impact of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on retailers in Valanchery Municipality, focusing on their awareness, perception, and the practical challenges encountered since its implementation on July 1, 2017. GST represents a significant shift in India\u27s indirect tax regime, aimed at unifying the tax system and simplifying compliance. The study uses a quantitative approach, collecting data from 100 retailers through a structured questionnaire and analyzing it with statistical methods. Findings reveal that while GST has led to increased compliance and some positive economic outcomes, retailers face ongoing challenges related to tax procedures and documentation. The study offers insights for policymakers and recommendations for improving GST compliance among retailers
Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Images Of Central Serous Retinopathy Using EAC-NLM Algorithm: A Quantitative Evaluation
Full text linkIntroduction: The intricacies involved in retinal imaging make it difficult to accurately diagnose and track Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR). This disorder is characterized by anomalies in the layers of retina that make up the retina as well as fluid leaking that usually happens around the macula. Objectives: Pressure from the condition builds up inside the layers of the retina, causing the retinal walls to separate and impede vision. This study explores the application of the proposed Enhanced Adaptive Contrast Non-Local Means (EAC-NLM) algorithm to enhance Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images of CSR. The study utilized OCT images from Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, acquired using a Spectralis OCT scanner. Methods: A dataset comprising macula-centered SD-OCT scans of 50 eyes for testing and 10 images for training was processed. Each OCT volume image had a resolution of 512 × 128 × 1024 voxels with voxel dimensions of 10.90 × 45.00 × 2.00 μm³. Results: Quantitative evaluation using image quality metrics further substantiates the effectiveness of EAC-NLM. The denoised images of proposed EAC-NLM show high structural similarity (SSIM: 0.9850), excellent fidelity (PSNR: 45.0000 dB), and minimal error (MSE: 2.500e-05) compared to the original, validating the algorithm\u27s effectiveness in enhancing OCT images for CSR diagnosis. Conclusions: This study explores the application of the proposed Enhanced Adaptive Contrast Non-Local Means (EAC-NLM) algorithm to enhance Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images of CSR
Respiratory endurance in asymptomatic smokers
Full text linkIntroduction: Cigarette smoking is a significant health hazard and remains the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. The consistent practice of Pranayama and Om chanting has been shown to influence various body systems, particularly the respiratory system. This study aims to explore the impact of traditional techniques such as Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB) and Om chanting on respiratory endurance in symptomatic smokers. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pranayam and Om chanting on respiratory endurance. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India. The study spanned eight weeks and involved 100 participants, both male and female, aged 18 to 25 years, all asymptomatic smokers. Baseline measurements of anthropometric parameters and respiratory endurance parameters, including BHTi, BHTe, and the 40 mmHg test, were recorded at the beginning of the study and again after the eight-week intervention. Respiratory endurance was compared using the paired t-test. Results: Comparison of parameters of respiratory (BHTi, BHTe, and 40mmHg) were also found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.001*). Conclusion: After the 8-week intervention, there was a significant improvement in all the measured parameters. Both Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB) and Om chanting, as forms of yogic breathing, can serve as complementary alternative therapies alongside medication for individuals with chronic obstructive lung diseases
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Cellular Profiles in Acute Gastroenteritis Patients with Comorbidities: A Retrospective Study in a Resource-Limited Setting
Full text linkThis study aims to compare critical laboratory parameters in patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) with various comorbidities, highlighting trends and abnormalities in biochemistry and cellular profiles. Conducted at Yatharth Hospital, Greater Noida, India, this retrospective study includes 284 patients admitted between March 2018 and May 2022. Key parameters such as total leukocyte count (TLC), sodium, and liver enzymes (SGPT/SGOT) were evaluated and compared across different age groups and comorbidities, including dehydration, acute febrile illness, diabetes, and hypertension. Significant deviations were identified in patients with comorbidities, particularly in sodium levels and liver enzyme markers, which may aid in early detection and management. This study\u27s findings provide valuable insights for resource-limited settings, contributing to more effective treatment strategies and resource allocation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where AGE remains a major health concern
Evaluating Olive oil Quality and Food Safety Compliance in Tirana, Albania, Retail Markets
Full text linkThe debate over the significance of the quality of fats in our diet has been present in recent decades. Olive oil (OO) is unique among vegetable oils due to its alleged health benefits. Quality assessment, including the traceability of food products through control of the primary compounds, is a key step. Bottled OOs in retail markets have been subject to deceptive labeling, fraud, and adulteration. Health concerns are associated with mixing them with different vegetable oils. We investigated the fatty acid (FA) composition of several bottled olive oils from popular domestic brands in Tirana retail markets, using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.This study\u27s results show that olive oils\u27 fatty acid (FA) composition (OOs) does not reflect adulteration. The levels of trans-fatty acids (trans-FAs) were below the threshold established by European Union regulation 2568/91, as amended by 1989/2003. Specifically, oleic acid content ranged from 64.71% to 75.62%, palmitic acid from 8.43% to 14.26%, and linoleic acid from 6.64% to 13.1%. Furthermore, linolenic acid levels were below 1%, indicating that mixing with other vegetable oils is not evident. The trans-FA levels aligned with the label information, and the linolenic acid values were between 0.38% and 0.94%. The fatty acid profile of these olive oils demonstrated low saturated FA levels and a high concentration of monounsaturated FA. Our findings indicate that bottled olive oils from the Kalinjoti cultivar are appropriate for marketing as mono-cultivar brands. However, this is not advisable for bottled olive oils from Nisioti and Bardhi Tirana cultivars because they exhibit lower oxidative stability.
Spinal anaesthesia in a patient with reported scorpion venom induced local anaesthetic resistance for a case of wound debridement for early physiotherapy
Full text linkA 63-year-old male was referred to the emergency department with road traffic accident injury to right lower limb. Patient had history of hypertension, chronic alcoholism, smoking, and scorpion sting twice 20 years ago. He had history of failed peribulbar block earlier. He developed necrotizing fasciitis for which he required general surgical debridement. Initial attempt with spinal anaesthesia with 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was ineffective and as was an epidural top up. The case was conducted with General anaesthesia with supraglottic airway device. Since this poor response to local anaesthetics was preceded by stings of scorpion, it was decided to try a different drug regimen for intrathecal anaesthesia. A mixture of intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% (0.6 ml), and pethidine 50 mg (1 ml), followed by intrathecal dexmedetomidine 5 mcg (0.1 ml) was administered, with a total volume of 1.7 ml. This case highlights challenges in treating scorpion envenomation due to sodium channel alterations by combining drugs with different target
A Review of Pathogenesis, Genetic Polymorphisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches of Vitiligo
Full text linkVitiligo is a depigmenting skin condition characterized by a specific melanocyte depletion, resulting in melanin attenuation inside the skin\u27s damaged regions. A distinguishing feature is a completely amelanotic, non-scaly, chalky-white macule with clear borders. The understanding of the etiology of vitiligo has advanced significantly in recent years. It is now categorically recognized as an autoimmune disorder associated with metabolism and oxidative stress, including cellular detaching diseases, as well as hereditary and environmental factors. The consequences of vitiligo can be mentally distressing and frequently have a significant impact on daily life; thus, this should never be dismissed as an esthetic or minor illness. The two main types of the condition recognized by a global consensus in 2011 were nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) and segmental vitiligo (SV). The term "vitiligo" was chosen to refer to all NSV types (including acrofacial, mucosal, generalized, universal, mixed, and rare variants). One of the most important critical decisions made by this consensus was to distinguish SV from other types of vitiligo, especially given the implications for prognosis