South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR COMBINATION OF FELBINAC WITH ISOLATED COMPOUND
Get PDFSelf-The present investigation was aimed to develop self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system microemulsifying(SMEDDS) of the felbinac and beta sitosterol as isolated compound. SMEDDS is one of the drug deliverypromising approach for the delivery of both the hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drug. In systems, Felbinac,the present research work Felbinac and beta sterol help in the reduction of inflammation and Composition, anti-pain. . Ternary phase diagrams (Sigma plot) were constructed in order to obtain the most inflammatory gel,efficient self-emulsification region, and the formulation of both the drug loaded SMEDDS was Oral Bioavailability.optimized by a pseudo ternary phase diagram. The S:Cos ratio 2:1 was show the larger than the other ratio 1:1 and 3:1 Tween 20 taken as surfactant, propylene glycol taken as cosurfactant and as oil virgin coconut oil were used for SMEDDS formulation by titration method. With the help of Box-behnken design (Statease software) the ratio formulation was optimized and this was developed into gel. SMEDDS was evaluated and compared with gel SMEDDS
Assessing Hydrogeochemical Dynamics And Seasonal Variations Of Groundwater Quality In The Kovilpatti Region: Implications For Sustainable Water Management And Irrigation Practices
Get PDFThis study examines groundwater quality in the Kovilpatti region, Tamil Nadu, during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2023 using spatial analysis and hydrogeochemical plots. Key water quality parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), were analyzed. The pre-monsoon season revealed elevated levels of TDS, Mg, Ca, and Cl, often exceeding WHO standards, suggesting potential health risks and the influence of prolonged rock water interactions and evaporation processes. Post-monsoon samples showed improvement due to rainwater recharge, although TDS and Mg levels remained high. Hydrogeochemical plots, including Piper and Gibbs diagrams, indicate a dominance of alkaline earth metals (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and strong acids (Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻) in both seasons. The Wilcox diagram highlights potential risks for agricultural use due to high salinity and sodium content. Water quality indices reveal significant seasonal variations, with pre-monsoon samples showing higher Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values, posing risks to soil structure and permeability. Post-monsoon conditions reflect a reduction in these risks, indicating an overall improvement in water quality. This study underscores the need for continuous groundwater monitoring and sustainable water management practices in the Kovilpatti region to mitigate contamination risks and ensure safe drinking water, while also supporting sustainable agricultural practices
Immunohistochemical Expression Of CDX-2 In Gastric Adenocarcinoma And Its Clinico Pathological Correlation
Get PDFIntroduction: The fifth most frequent cause of cancer-related mortalities globally is gastric cancer. Histologically, adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent form. CDX-2, a transcription factor associated with the caudal related homeobox, is typically found in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer (intestinal type). Role of CDX-2 in gastric carcinoma as prognostic variable is not well established. Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyse CDX-2 expression in different histological types of gastric adenocarcinomas and its relationship with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters.Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed using paraffin blocks of gastric adenocarcinoma reported between 2017 and 2024. For light microscopy screening, sections were initially stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. In further sections, primary antibody against CDX-2 was applied. The CDX-2 expression level in gastric adenocarcinoma was evaluated using a scoring system. Results: Fifty cases with gastric adenocarcinoma were included. Among which only histological type (p-0.027) and histological grade (p-0.000) were statistically significant. Increased CDX-2 expression correlated with higher proportion of intestinal type gastric carcinomas while decreased CDX-2 expression correlated with higher histological grade of tumour.Conclusion: In conclusion, CDX-2 is a crucial marker for the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. CDX-2 expression showed statistical significance only with the histological type and grade of the tumour. Although not statistically significant, lower levels of CDX-2 positivity were associated with greater depth of invasion and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis, suggesting that CDX-2 immunoexpression may serve as a significant prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma
Studies On Bio-Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant And Neuroprotective Activity Of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum And Tradescantia Spathacea Using Animal Models
Get PDFIn recent times, many folks with convulsions not having proper seizure control though there is significant advancement in medications. A common issue observed with these medications is the adverse cognitive effect with other side effect like anxiety. That’s why people still need anticonvulsant drugs without such side effects. For holistic approach, many of the natural resources can have antiepileptic action without such side effects which are scientifically not proven. In this study we established designed to check the neurobehavioral and neuro-protective results of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum and Tradescantia Spathacea evaluated in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy in rats. As carried out in our previous research to check anticonvulsant properties of EO and TS, to induce kindling a 35 mg/kg dose of PTZ was injected i.p. in every 48 hrs for 30 days. Spatial memory performance was tested using Morris water maze and black and light compartment model, following which brains were then decapitated for oxidative stress biomarker study, biochemical analysis (AchE and GABA T estimations) and histopathological investigations. EO and TS was able to minimize oxidative stress and enhance memory in Rats indicating these plants extracts have neuroprotective properties as well which is beneficial results to retain cognitive effects that usually happens in chronic epilepsy
Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Psychometric Validation Of The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (Lifetime/Recent- Clinical Version) Into Bangla
Get PDFBackground: Suicidal behavior, including ideation, attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), represents a major public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Despite the widespread use of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for suicide risk assessment, a validated Bangla version of the C-SSRS Lifetime/Recent - Clinical version is currently lacking.Aim of the study: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Bangla version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Lifetime/Recent – Clinical version for the assessment of suicidal ideation and behaviors in Bangladeshi adolescents and adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to September 2023 at the Department of Psychiatry, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh, enrolling 201 participants aged ≥13 years using purposive sampling. A rigorous forward–backward translation procedure was employed. Content validity was evaluated through expert review. Construct validity was assessed via exploratory factor analysis, and convergent validity was tested by correlating C-SSRS scores with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and predictive accuracy was assessed through sensitivity and specificity analysis.Result: The sample included adolescents (50.2%) and adults (49.8%) with and without suicidal behavior. Content validity indices (I-CVI) were ≥0.83 for all items. Factor analyses supported the structural validity of the scale, with acceptable variance explained across subscales: severity (61.85–69.93%), intensity (53.76–73.93%), and behavior (41.93–47.9%). Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.523 to 0.76 across subscales and age groups. Convergent validity was stronger for recent (past one-month) suicidal ideation and intensity (r = 0.686 and r = 0.406, p < 0.01) compared to lifetime measures. Sensitivity for detecting suicidal behaviors was high (92.9%–100%), while specificity ranged from 18.3% to 40%.Conclusion: The Bangla version of the C-SSRS Lifetime/Recent – Clinical version is a reliable, valid, and culturally appropriate tool for assessing suicidal ideation and behavior among both adolescents and adults in Bangladesh. Its use may significantly enhance suicide prevention efforts in clinical and research settings
Respiratory Assessment Skills And Self Efficacy Of Respiratory Assessment Among Nurses At Tertiary Hospital Lahore: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Physical assessment is a systematic, organized procedure that gathers objective and subjective information from a patient\u27s medical history and physical examination of the entire body using techniques including palpation, auscultation, percussion, and inspection. A person\u27s confidence in their capacity to overcome obstacles and finish these tasks successfully is known as self-efficacy. A high degree of self-efficacy enables people to overcome obstacles and achieve desired outcomes by making the necessary efforts to acquire the necessary abilities
Objective:
To determine the Respiratory assessment skills among nurses at tertiary care hospital Lahore
To determine the self-efficacy of respiratory assessment among nurses at tertiary care hospital Lahore
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out at the medical and surgical intensive care units of Jinnah Hospital Lahore in July and August of 2024. All registered nurses in medical and surgical intensive care units were included in the study population. A sample of n=78 nurses were recruited through convenient nonprobability sample. Data were gathered for respiratory assessment skills using the Respiratory Assessment Skill Checklist. The test of 36 questions, graded from 0 (not done), 1 (done with help), and 2 (done correctly). Similar to this, the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, which consists of eight statements ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), was used to collect data on self-efficacy. Every participant gave their written, informed consent, and the data gathering process was kept private. Following data collection, the gathered information was entered and subjected to analysis using SPSS version 21.
Results: Finding revealed that majority 61.54% of nurses having ‘Satisfactory’ skills, (21.79%) were found ‘Incompetent’, 8.97% are evaluated as needing ‘Improvement’ and only 7.69% of nurses exhibit ‘Good Skills’ Similarly The largest portion, representing 46.15%, indicates individuals with ‘low self-efficacy’, 42.31% ‘Medium self-efficacy’, and 11.54%, consists of those with ‘high self-efficacy’.
Conclusion: A significant portion of the nurses demonstrated moderate to low self-efficacy in their respiratory assessment abilities while some nurses exhibited adequate competence. The overall results suggest that further training and education are essential to ensure that all nurses feel adequately prepared to perform respiratory assessments with accuracy and confidence
High-Fat Diet And High Blood Insulin Level Impair Fat Taste Perception And Disrupt Metabolism In Type 2 Diabetic C57BL/6J Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D), frequently accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, is associated with impaired taste sensitivity, which may affect dietary preferences and metabolic health.
Objectives: This study investigates how a high-fat diet (HFD) and hyperinsulinemia influence fat taste perception through disruptions in calcium signaling, while also assessing key metabolic parameters such as glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation in male C57BL/6J mice.
Methods: Mice (n=24) were fed either standard (STD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 days, then subdivided into control, HFD, STZ, and HFD-STZ groups (n=6 each). T2D was induced in STZ and HFD-STZ mice via streptozotocin injections (40 mg/kg/bw/day, i.p). Fatty acid preference was evaluated using a two-bottle choice test, and calcium imaging was performed on isolated taste bud cells (TBC). Plasma lipid profiles, TBARS, SOD, GPx, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were analyzed.
Results: The STZ group showed increased food and energy intake, while the HFD and HFD-STZ groups exhibited reduced food intake but elevated energy consumption. Glycemia and insulinemia were significantly higher in the HFD, STZ and HFD-STZ groups, with the HFD-STZ and mice displaying insulin resistance. Alterations in lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers were evident, particularly in the HFD and HFD-STZ groups, which also demonstrated elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced antioxidant activity. Our results revealed a decreased preference for fat in the HFD and HFD-STZ groups, which correlated with suppressed calcium signaling triggered by linoleic acid (LA). Also, the STZ group exhibited a slight preference for the fat solution, with a reduced calcium response in TBC.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the pivotal role of hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress associated to diabetes in impairing fat taste sensitivity and disrupting dietary regulation, emphasizing the importance of managing insulin levels for glycemic control and preserving sensory mechanisms crucial for healthy eating behaviors. 
A Comparative Study On Traditional Education System And Modern Education System
Get PDFThe development of human civilization is significantly influenced by education. When it comes to teaching techniques, our society is divided into three groups: one group favours the traditional teaching methods, the second group favours modern teaching methods, and the third group is the one who supports the combination of both for effective teaching(Horn & Staker, 2014). Each form of education has a place and a purpose of its own. Although they differ from one another, traditional and modern education have a relationship with one another. There was a time in our nation\u27s early history without schools. The children learned from, or were taught by, their ancestors. At the time, this knowledge was limited to what was needed to survive. They received instruction on their rituals, traditions, and faiths(Mukherjee, 2005). At the time, there was no appropriate educational system in place. In the past, Indian schools known as gurukuls were attended by the sons of the kings, and these gurukuls taught them the basic principles of leading an empire, including how to use various weapons, defend themselves, and attack rival (Sharma, 1996). These kinds of schools were not designed with the local community in mind. Only the royal families had access to it. The value of education expanded across the nation as a democratic government was put in place in the next few years. Any type of student might attend and learn at the newly created schools. Moreover, science and technology were beginning to advance throughout this period. It was possible to create new technologies (Kumar, 2005). Then the time arrived when these theories and technologies were being used broadly in daily life. Education was shaped by this. And thus, the modern educational system was established. The old educational system began to provide a way for more modern education (Nussbaum, 2009). Not everyone in the community agrees with this. Many believed that because modern education does not educate about religion, traditions, or customs, it is bad for children. Therefore, not every child received a modern education. Over time, though, everyone came to accept modern education. Today\u27s education has progressed to unprecedented heights. Education has become significantly more enjoyable, simple, and engaging for learners as the outcome of the integration of science and technology into methods of learning. Compared to a few years ago, the status of education now is entirely different (Siemens, 2005).Traditional education is now seen as inadequate, similar to how modern education was not considered satisfactory then. The system of education must evolve to meet the demands of society as a whole. Furthermore, society as a whole must accept this paradigm change. Not all children had the intention of getting the traditional education offered in schools (Rao, 2017).Among the children, there was a great deal of bias. Everyone ought to have access to modern education. A modern education is available to everyone who enrols in school. The current educational approach is certainly better than the previous educational approach. Both the content and comprehension have improved. Rather than cramming knowledge, it emphasises comprehension. Since every form of education has value in its own right, we are unable to determine which is superior(Garrison & Kanuka, 2004).. Each type differs from the other while still being comparable to the other. From traditional education, modern education has descended. We have lost our culture as a result of the neglect of traditional educational institutions brought about by modern education. There should be equal importance given to both traditional and modern forms of education(Mishra, 2020)
The Correlation Between Clinical And Pathological Lymph Node Status In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Get PDFBackground: The most significant factor affecting the prognosis of oral malignancies is lymph node metastasis; the existence of malignant lymph nodes reduces survival by 50%.
Methodology: every person with oral cancer had contrast-enhanced CECT of the neck and oral cavity after becoming initially evaluated for enlarging neck node. Following neck dissection, all lymph node levels were evaluated histopathologically, and all node features were documented in CECT.
Results: Of the 24 individuals in our investigation, 31 had clinically observed enlarged lymph nodes. A total of 90 enlarged lymph nodes, including 21 positive nodes, were detected by CECT. Only thirty-two of the 538 lymph nodes that were isolated in histopathology tested positive for malignancy.
Conclusions: The detection rate of enlarged lymph nodes is more with histopathology than radiological and clinical examination. In our study, 94% of lymph node enlargement was proven to be reactive, which shows more tumor- associated inflammation
Exploring the Socioeconomic, Cultural and Community Factors on Substance Abuse and Treatment in Northeast India
Get PDFThis study investigates the socioeconomic, cultural and community factors influencing substance abuse and evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs among the clients of Silchar New Life Foundation in Northeast India. Using a cross sectional survey design and quantitative data was collected from 51 registered clients through a structured questionnaire. The survey explored demographic profiles, community attitudes and the perceived effectiveness of substance abuse interventions. Respondents were predominantly young adults aged 18-34 with a balanced gender and marital status distribution. Educational attainment varied with the majority having completed high school. Employment status showed significant diversity with notable portions employed full time, part time or unemployed. Income levels ranged widely reflecting the socioeconomic diversity of the sample. Community attitudes toward substance abuse vary with a mix of permissive, neutral and stigmatizing views. Cultural beliefs and media portrayal were noted as significant influencers of substance abuse behaviors. The effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs was generally viewed positively though barriers such as stigma and fear of legal consequences and limited treatment options were identified. Education and awareness campaigns emerged as the most effective strategies for prevention while the role of religious institutions in treatment was highly regarded