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A Sala dos Infantes e a Galeria: contributo de uma perspetiva institucional e social sobre a configuração arquitetónica do Paço de Sintra
Get PDFThis article examines two architectural sections of the Palace of Sintra by focusing on the practices of historical agents to clarify their purposes within the palatial complex. This inquiry stems from the observation that existing historiography tends to concentrate on the actions of a select few monarchs and approaches the history of this royal residence through a predominantly symbolic and cultural lens, often overlooking the complex historical processes that shaped its architectural development. By shifting the focus to the specific needs of the palace’s occupants, how they used the space, their relationship with the court’s administrative and institutional structures, and their interactions with the broader social fabric, this analysis generates new interpretative hypotheses. Through this approach, the study has identified the location of a previously unknown Renaissance gallery and revised the chronology of a significant section of the palace, commonly referred to as the 'Manueline body.'Este artigo analisa duas secções arquitetónicas do Paço de Sintra através das práticas de utilização dos agentes históricos com o objetivo de explicar o seu propósito no seio do complexo palatino. Esta necessidade advém do facto de a historiografia específica existente se encontrar centrada na alegada ação de um número muito limitado de reis e de a abordagem à história desta residência real estar marcada por uma forte interpretação simbólica e cultural, descurando a complexidade dos processos históricos que determinaram à sua configuração arquitetónica. No entanto, uma análise centrada nas necessidades específicas dos seus ocupantes, na forma como faziam uso do espaço, na sua relação com a estrutura orgânica e institucional da corte, e na sua relação com o tecido social em que estavam inseridos, permite gerar novas hipóteses de interpretação. Esta abordagem permitiu, assim, identificar a localização de uma inédita galeria palatina renascentista e antecipar a cronologia de grande parte do corpo arquitetónico habitualmente designado por «corpo manuelino»
[Recensão a] Pereira, Miriam Halpern (2024). O Século do Liberalismo. Portugal 1820-1926. Prefácio de Guilherme d’Oliveira Martins. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 866 p., ISBN: 978-972-31-1653-3
No full textThe Analysis of Constitutions in Plato’s Statesman
Get PDFThis paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal.This paper provides a framework for understanding how nonideal constitutions are better or worse imitations of the ideal constitution. My suggestion is that the nonideal constitutions imitate the skill of the political expert, which includes an epistemic component (their political knowledge) and two teleological components (the benefit to the citizens on the one hand, and the unity of the city on the other). I then show how some constitutions better imitate the political expert’s skill across these dimensions, as higher-ranked constitutions are in a better epistemic condition, better benefit the citizens, and better foster unity in the city than lower-ranked constitutions. A major upshot of my reading will be to show that Plato recognizes the value of some nonideal constitutions while making clear how they still fall short of the ideal
Percepções das populações sobre o risco de altas temperaturas do ar e medidas de adaptação a um ambiente árido: caso de Taghit (sudoeste da Argélia)
Get PDFLa perception du risque et les comportements d’adaptation sont deux éléments importants pour réduire les impacts négatifs des canicules. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer le niveau de perception des canicules par la population humaine, dans la région de Taghit (province de Béchar), et d’inventorier les comportements ancestraux d'adaptation qui sont maintenus jusqu'à nos jours. L’étude s’est basée sur une enquête de terrain effectuée pendant la saison chaude de l’an 2018, où cent cinquante-quatre (154) maisons sur les neuf cent quatre (904) ont été l’objet de cette enquête. Les résultats ont révélé que la majorité de personnes enquêtées (86,4 %) sentaient le risque des canicules; néanmoins, seulement 08 % des ménages conservaient leurs modes de vie traditionnelles. Comparativement aux maisons traditionnelles (construites à base de terre). A préciser canicules ont augmenté de 5,39 fois dans les maisons hybrides (construites de matériaux locaux et industriels) et de 6,44 fois dans les maisons construites par des matériaux industriels. Malheureusement, ceci est dû à la perpétuelle mutation de mode de vie et de l’habitat, sans tenir compte de façon rigoureuse des fines spécificités du milieu; de ce fait, les caractéristiques environnementales de la région doivent être intégrées dans les plans et les stratégies de développement durable.A percepção de risco e os comportamentos de adaptação são dois elementos importantes na redução dos impactos negativos das ondas de calor. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de percepção das ondas de calor pela população humana, na região de Taghit (província de Béchar), e inventariar os comportamentos ancestrais de adaptação que se mantêm até aos nossos dias. O estudo teve por base um levantamento de campo realizado durante a estação quente do ano de 2018, onde cento e cinquenta e quatro (154) habitações das novecentas e quatro (904) foram objeto deste levantamento. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos inquiridos (86,4 %) sentiu o risco de ondas de calor; no entanto, apenas 08 % dos domicílios mantiveram seus estilos de vida tradicionais. Em comparação com as casas tradicionais (construídas com terra). A especificar as ondas de calor aumentaram 5,39 vezes nas casas híbridas (construídas com materiais locais e industriais) e 6,44 vezes nas casas construídas com materiais industriais. Infelizmente, isso se deve à perpétua mudança de estilo de vida e habitat, sem levar em conta rigorosamente as finas especificidades do meio ambiente; portanto, as características ambientais da região devem ser integradas aos planos e estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável
Paisagens domésticas do Portugal do viajante William Beckford. Itinerários com jardins, paredes, mobiliário, almofadas e sabores
Get PDFLife trajectory of the Englishman William Beckford (1766-1844) from the perspective of reconstituting his perspective as a traveler. Explanation of his traveler's view of Portugal at the end of the 18th century, in diary records (1787, 1794), retouched over the years to be published (1834, 1835). Taking those four texts as a documentary body, we ask the question: how to understand what it is, what constitutes it and how a domestic landscape was configured in these texts?Percurso de vida do inglês William Beckford (1766-1844) na perspectiva de reconstituição do seu olhar como viajante. Explicitação desse seu olhar de viajante sobre o Portugal do final do século XVIII, nos registos diarísticos (1787, 1794), retocados durante anos, para serem publicados (1834, 1835). Tendo como corpo documental aqueles quatro textos, colocar a questão: como perceber o que é, o que a constitui e como se configurou nestes textos uma paisagem doméstica
[Recensão a] Nieto Sánchez, José Antolín; Muñoz Navarro, Daniel; Franch Benavent, Ricardo (eds.) (2024). Ciudades en movimiento. Negocios, trabajo y conflictividad en la sociedad española (siglos XVI-XVIII). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia, 429 pp.
No full textEstudio experimental sobre la rotura de granos porosos bajo cargas aleatorias: propuesta de un criterio de rotura probabilístico
Get PDFIn this article, a breakage probabilistic criterion for expanded clay grains is presented. Expanded clay is a material formed by porous grains that can collapse under isocompression pressures. The criterion for breaking is that proposed by Serrano et al. (2016) for collapsible volcanic materials such as pyroclasts and allows considering grain breakage for any possible loading situation, including traction and compression. This proposed model is an advance over other models that consider simpler loading situations. To validate the model, more than 1,300 expanded clay grains have been broken in uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial compression (measuring all applied forces). In addition to breaks in direct traction. The proposed model can be easily implemented using the discrete element method (DEM) code and would allow simulating the failure ofmaterials with double porosity (porosity inside the grain and intergranular porosity), which can collapse only with pressure, a situation that occurs in expanded clay fills subjected to loads. of a certain magnitude.Se presenta en este artículo un criterio probabilístico de rotura para los granos de arcilla expandida. La arcilla expandida es un material formado por granos porosos que pueden colapsar bajo presiones de isocompresión. Como criterio de rotura se emplea el propuesto Serrano et al. (2016) para materiales volcánicos colapsables tipo piroclastos que permite considerar roturas de grano para cualquier situación de carga posible, incluyendo isotracción e isocompresión. Este modelo propuesto es un avance sobre otros modelos que consideran situaciones de carga más sencillas. Para validar el modelo se han llevado a rotura más de 1300 granos de arcilla expandida en compresión simple, biaxial y triaxial y en tracción directa, midiendo todas las fuerzas aplicadas en ese proceso de rotura. El modelo propuesto es fácilmente implementable mediante el método de los elementos discretos (MED) que permitirían simular la rotura de materiales con doble porosidad (porosidad interior al grano o intragranular y porosidad intergranular), como arcilla expandida y materiales volcánicos porosos, susceptibles de colapso bajo fuerzas de isocompresión.Se presenta en este artículo un criterio probabilístico de rotura para los granos de arcilla expandida. La arcilla expandida es un material formado por granos porosos que pueden colapsar bajo presiones de isocompresión. Como criterio de rotura se emplea el propuesto Serrano et al. (2016) para materiales volcánicos colapsables tipo piroclastos que permite considerar roturas de grano para cualquier situación de carga posible, incluyendo isotracción e isocompresión. Este modelo propuesto es un avance sobre otros modelos que consideran situaciones de carga más sencillas. Para validar el modelo se han llevado a rotura más de 1300 granos de arcilla expandida en compresión simple, biaxial y triaxial y en tracción directa, midiendo todas las fuerzas aplicadas en ese proceso de rotura. El modelo propuesto es fácilmente implementable mediante el método de los elementos discretos (MED) que permitirían simular la rotura de materiales con doble porosidad (porosidad interior al grano o intragranular y porosidad intergranular), como arcilla expandida y materiales volcánicos porosos, susceptibles de colapso bajo fuerzas de isocompresión
A cultura andaluza na formação inicial de professores
No full textThe main objective of the project “Digital Competence to Teach Heritage (QURTUBA 2.0)” of the University of Cordoba (Spain) is to implement a different way of understanding and valuing the Andalusian heritage in primary education. To achieve this, it proposes a series of educational activities, seminars, and workshops in English and Spanish, as well as the creation of historical models related to the chosen theme and disseminating this information through social networks and a classroom blog. The educational process seeks to apply a methodological design based on discovery learning, which implies that students build their own teaching and learning process in heritage education. The results will allow future teachers to use what they have learned about Andalusian culture in real, practical teaching situations. Finally, it is hoped that this project will positively impact the quality of history teaching in the local context and lay the foundations for teaching this discipline at a broader level in different historical processes.El proyecto “La competencia digital para educar en patrimonio (QURTUBA 2.0)” de la Universidad de Córdoba (España) tiene como objetivo principal la implementación de una forma diferente de comprender y valorar el patrimonio andalusí en el Grado en Educación Primaria. Para lograrlo, se plantean una serie de actividades educativas, seminarios y talleres didácticos en inglés y español, así como la creación de maquetas históricas relacionadas con el tema elegido y la difusión de esta información a través de las redes sociales y un blog de aula. En el proceso educativo se busca aplicar un diseño metodológico basado en el aprendizaje por descubrimiento, lo que implica que los estudiantes construyan su propio proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en educación patrimonial. Los resultados ofrecen una oportunidad a los futuros docentes para que utilicen lo que han aprendido sobre la cultura andalusí en situaciones reales de enseñanza práctica. Por último, se espera que este proyecto tenga un impacto positivo en mejorar la calidad de la educación en Historia en el contexto local, y también que pueda sentar las bases para la enseñanza de esta disciplina a un nivel más amplio en diferentes procesos históricos.L'objectif principal du projet « Compétence numérique pour enseigner le patrimoine (QURTUBA 2.0) » de l'Université de Cordoue (Espagne) est de mettre en œuvre une manière différente de comprendre et de valoriser le patrimoine andalou dans l'enseignement primaire. Pour ce faire, il propose une série d'activités éducatives, de séminaires et d'ateliers en anglais et en espagnol, ainsi que la création de modèles historiques liés au thème choisi et la diffusion de ces informations par le biais des réseaux sociaux et d'un blog de classe. Le processus éducatif cherche à appliquer une conception méthodologique basée sur l'apprentissage par la découverte, ce qui implique que les étudiants construisent leur propre processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage dans le domaine de l'éducation au patrimoine. Les résultats permettront aux futurs enseignants d'utiliser ce qu'ils ont appris sur la culture andalouse dans des situations d'enseignement réelles et pratiques. Enfin, nous espérons que ce projet aura un impact positif sur la qualité de l'enseignement de l'histoire dans le contexte local et qu'il jettera les bases de l'enseignement de cette discipline à un niveau plus large dans le cadre de différents processus historiques.O principal objetivo do projeto “Competência digital para educar no património (QURTUBA 2.0)” da Universidade de Córdoba (Espanha) é a implementação de uma forma diferente de compreender e valorizar o património andaluz no Ensino Básico. Para tal, propõe-se uma série de atividades educativas, seminários e workshops em inglês e espanhol, bem como a criação de modelos históricos relacionados com o tema escolhido e a divulgação desta informação através das redes sociais e de um blogue da sala de aula. O processo educativo prevê uma conceção metodológica baseada na aprendizagem por descoberta, o que implica que os alunos construam o seu processo de aprendizagem em educação patrimonial. Os resultados oferecem uma oportunidade para os futuros professores utilizarem o que aprenderam sobre a cultura andaluza em situações práticas reais. Espera-se que este projeto tenha um impacto positivo na melhoria da qualidade do ensino da história no contexto local e que possa lançar as bases para a aprendizagem desta disciplina a um nível mais amplo em diferentes processos históricos
What ELO23 taught us about hacking the good life: Observations on the “know thyself” role-playing prototype
No full textIn this article, we reflect on a surprising outcome of the workshop facilitated at the ELO2023 conference in Coimbra. The workshop was based on our research-in-progress of a sixteenth-century book-game on moral virtues. This pedagogical device consists of a summary of Aristotle’s Ethics and a game with a volvelle with three circular discs and a pointer, rules and pieces for two players. We introduced questions about the book and the game, experimented with playing a few moves on the racing board, made our own digitally rotating volvelles and finally, ended up sharing a prototype of a role-playing game that embodies the poignant concepts the author (João de Barros) presents in his work. In this article, we reflect on that particular moment of playtesting with the prototype “know thyself”, as a way to document and verbalise some of the initial findings that emerged from the workshop. Neste artigo, refletimos sobre um resultado inesperado do workshop preparado para a conferência ELO2023 em Coimbra. O workshop centrou-se na investigação em curso de um livro-jogo do século XVI sobre virtudes morais. Esta ferramenta pedagógica é composta por um resumo da Ética de Aristóteles e um jogo com uma volvelle de três discos circulares e um ponteiro, regras e peças para dois jogadores. Depois de uma introdução às questões de investigação relacionadas com o livro e o jogo, experimentámos alguns movimentos no tabuleiro de corrida, criámos as nossas próprias volvelles digitais e, por fim, acabámos a partilhar um protótipo de um jogo de role-playing que transporta os conceitos mais assertivos que o autor (João de Barros) apresenta em sua obra. Neste artigo, expomos as nossas reflexões sobre o momento particular de experimentação com o protótipo “know thyself”, como forma de documentar e verbalizar algumas das descobertas iniciais que emergiram a partir do workshop