Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar: E-Journals
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NAB and the Challenge of White-Collar Crime in Pakistan: Reform, Reality, and Prospects
Full text linkWhite-collar crime has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges for Pakistan, undermining economic growth, public trust, and the legitimacy of state institutions. The establishment of the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) in 1999 was intended to serve as the cornerstone of Pakistan’s anti-corruption framework. However, despite its broad legal mandate, NAB’s performance has remained controversial. The research problem addressed in this study is whether NAB has been effective in combating white-collar crime, and what institutional and legal shortcomings hinder its functioning. The purpose of the study is to critically evaluate NAB’s role, its strengths and weaknesses, and to propose reforms for strengthening accountability in Pakistan. Using a qualitative research design based on doctrinal legal analysis, the article reviews statutory provisions, judicial pronouncements, and scholarly literature to assess NAB’s functioning. The findings reveal that while NAB has achieved notable financial recoveries and brought high-profile cases to light, its effectiveness is undermined by political influence, selective accountability, weak prosecution, and inadequate expertise in financial crimes. The study concludes that meaningful reforms, particularly in the areas of independence, judicial oversight, and capacity building, are essential for NAB to evolve into a credible institution capable of addressing the complex challenges of white-collar crime in Pakista
Leveraging Blockchain for Secure and Transparent Healthcare Data Management: Enhancing Patient Privacy and Interoperability in Medical Systems
Full text linkThe healthcare sector is undergoing significant digital innovation, but issues with data security, patient interoperability privacy, persist. and Received 02 May 2025 Revised 26 June, 2025 Accepted 29 June. 2025 Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, transparent, and immutable nature, offers a potential solution. This study explores blockchain\u27s applicability in addressing healthcare data management limitations, focusing on patient privacy protection and cross-hospital interoperability. Our solution utilizes blockchain to provide a secure data repository, empower patients with data access permissions, and enable efficient data sharing. The analysis highlights blockchain\u27s benefits in mitigating data breaches and optimizing data sharing, while also addressing regulatory and technological challenges. A roadmap for successful implementation is presented, demonstrating blockchain\u27s potential to enhance healthcare data handling. By leveraging blockchain technology, we can create a more secure, efficient, and patient-centric healthcare system. This study contributes to the growing body of research on blockchain\u27s applications in healthcare, highlighting its potential for transformative impact
Visualizing the Scientific Landscapes on “Gig Economy”: A Bibliometric Analysis
Full text linkThis study aims to use the SCOPUS database to investigate the literary contributions of prior researchers on the “Gig Workers” till January 2025. To serve this purpose, this study uses the SCOPUS database to identify (i) the top research areas (ii) leading social research contexts (countries) and research languages in gig economy studies (iii) the starting years for gig economy research (iv) the leading publishing platforms (journals) on gig economy, and (v) the key contributors (researchers/ authors) in the field. This study comprises of 1,484 articles extracted from the SCOPUS database using different keyword combinations. The term ‘gig economy’ was coined in 2009 with an apparent increase in gig-related publications since 2024. English is the most common linguistic medium for research publications on the subject with most of the research originating from developed economies. Also, Oxford University ranks the charts of publications on gig-related concepts. This analysis guides researchers not only familiarizing with the gig economy, the key contributors in this field, and the relevant journals for published research but also helps develop a theoretical framework
Resolving Commercial Disputes in Pakistan: The Role of ADR and Specialized Commercial Courts
Full text linkCommercial dispute resolution in Pakistan continues to suffer from judicial backlog, procedural delays, and limited technical expertise, weakening investor confidence and economic activity. This study examines how Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) particularly mediation and arbitration, alongside specialized commercial courts can provide efficient and credible alternatives. Using a doctrinal research method, it evaluates the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017, provincial commercial court laws, emerging arbitration centres, and relevant judicial practices. The analysis finds that while ADR offers flexibility, confidentiality, and cost savings, its effectiveness is limited by weak enforceability mechanisms and the absence of accredited panels. Specialized commercial courts provide faster and more informed adjudication but require better resources, digital case-management, and stronger integration with ADR processes. The study concludes that Pakistan needs a modern arbitration law aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law, mandatory mediation in select commercial matters, enhanced commercial court capacity, and investment in credible ADR institutions. These reforms are essential for building a predictable, efficient, and investor-friendly dispute resolution system capable of supporting domestic and cross-border commercial activity
The Hybrid Work Paradox: Reimagining Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, and Leadership Effectiveness in Distributed Workforces
Full text linkThis paper looks into the paradoxical impact of the hybrid arrangement type of work on organizational culture, employee engagement, and leadership effectiveness in distributed work forces. It has been found that most of the organizations are experiencing some unintended outcomes such as proximity bias, culture dilution, and engagement fragmentation. This study used a concurrent mixed-methods study design to review data on 203 organizational leaders (HR directors, team managers, executives) and 417 employees in 95 multinational organizations. By using the previously validated Hybrid Work Environment Index it was found that organizations with a Hybrid Maturity Level 4 exhibited 61% greater cultural cohesion and a 47% increased level of employee engagement than before. While situation with immature hybrid implementations was an increase in turnover intentions by 43% and leadership trust erosion by 38 percent. They came up with five important design principles, which included deliberate presence architecture, proximity protocol that is driven by equity, cultural bridging rituals, development of distributed leadership, and feedback loops in which people engage. The article presents a proven diagnostic tool and implementation guide to designing hybrid work systems that will maintain organizational integrity but will allow flexibility. Much-needed practical recommendations focus on the reshaping of performance measures, developing digital-cultural fluency, and proximity equity audit. Future studies ought to examine the longitudinal effects on innovation and cross-generational workforce
AI-Generated Deepfakes and the Crisis of Legal Authenticity: Reconstructing Evidentiary Standards in the Digital Age
Full text linkThe rapid proliferation of AI-generated deepfakes has created a critical challenge for contemporary legal systems by undermining the authenticity of digital evidence and exposing individuals to new forms of harm. This study examines how synthetic media destabilizes established principles of evidence, privacy, and accountability, creating a crisis of legal authenticity. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the adequacy of current legal frameworks and to propose a structured regulatory response to deepfake-driven risks. Using a comparative legal-analytical approach, the study examines regulatory developments in the United States, European Union, China, and South Asia, and applies critical discourse analysis to assess emerging doctrines on digital manipulation. The findings reveal substantial gaps in evidentiary standards, limited platform liability mechanisms, and the absence of harmonized international norms governing synthetic media. The study concludes that traditional evidentiary presumptions are insufficient for an era in which falsified content is indistinguishable from the real. It proposes a three-pillar regulatory framework—authenticity infrastructure, platform gatekeeping, and cross-border harmonization to strengthen legal protections and preserve trust in judicial and democratic institution
From Doctrine to Dignity: Reconstructing Pakistan’s Capital Punishment Framework Through Islamic Jurisprudence and Human Rights Norms
Full text linkThis study examines Pakistan\u27s capital punishment framework through the intersecting lenses of Islamic jurisprudence and international human rights norms. The research addresses the challenge of aligning the country’s extensive death penalty statutes with constitutional guarantees, principles of Shari‘a, and global human rights obligations. Using a qualitative research design grounded in doctrinal analysis, comparative legal study, and normative inquiry, the paper critically evaluates statutory provisions, judicial practices, and interpretive traditions in Pakistan. Key findings reveal a significant gap between the intended objectives of Islamic criminal law—protection of life, proportionality, and mercy—and the contemporary application of the death penalty, which is often overbroad and procedurally deficient. The study demonstrates that a harmonized framework is possible by narrowing the scope of capital offenses, enhancing procedural safeguards, and integrating restorative justice mechanisms. The proposed model emphasizes maqasid al-shari‘a, due process, and human dignity, offering policy pathways for reform that are constitutionally sound, culturally legitimate, and compliant with international standards. These insights contribute to ongoing debates on justice, human rights, and Islamic law in Pakistan
Legal Protection of Medical Professionals in Armed Conflicts: Challenges in the Era of Autonomous and AI‑Driven Warfare — A Case Study of Pakistan’s Disputed Areas
Full text linkThe protection of medical professionals in armed conflicts is a cornerstone of international humanitarian law (IHL), ensuring that doctors, nurses, and humanitarian personnel can provide care without fear of attack. However, the emergence of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) and AI-driven warfare presents unprecedented challenges to these protections, particularly in complex and disputed regions such as Pakistan’s Line of Control (LoC) and former tribal areas. This study examines the legal framework safeguarding medical personnel, analyzes the implications of AI and autonomous systems on core IHL principles such as distinction, proportionality, and precaution, and explores the risks posed to medical neutrality in technologically advanced warfare. Using a doctrinal and case-study research design, the paper evaluates both international law and Pakistan-specific conflict contexts, highlighting gaps in enforcement, accountability, and operational safeguards. Key findings indicate that while formal IHL protections remain applicable, the use of autonomous and AI-enabled systems significantly increases risks to medical personnel, undermines human judgment in targeting decisions, and creates accountability gaps. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthened human-control obligations, enhanced operational protocols, and binding legal instruments to preserve medical neutrality in the era of AI-driven conflic
Gender Dynamics in Coach-Athlete Relationships and Their Impact on Sports Performance
Full text linkMotivation, psychological health, and athletic performance are all significantly influenced by the coach-athlete interaction. Athlete development and training efficacy can be strongly impacted by gender dynamics in this connection, which are influenced by power dynamics, communication styles, and cultural norms. The complex effects of gendered coach-athlete relationships on performance are still not well understood, despite growing awareness of gender concerns in sport. The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender dynamics between coaches and players impact communication effectiveness, performance outcomes, and the general quality of the coach-athlete relationship. In particular, it looks into mixed-gender and same-gender pairs in a variety of sports. A mixed-methods strategy was used. Using standardized questionnaires measuring relationship quality (Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire), perceived gender bias, and self-reported performance indicators, quantitative data were gathered from 320 competitive athletes (160 males and 160 females) and 30 coaches. Semi-structured interviews with 15 athlete-coach pairs—purposively picked to represent a range of gender combinations—were used to gather qualitative observations. Regression analysis for quantitative variables and thematic coding for qualitative answers were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that same-gender coach-athlete pairings experienced greater communication alignment and relationship trust, both of which were positively connected with perceived gains in performance. Reduced motivation and worse performance self-ratings were linked to mixed-gender couples, especially female athletes with male coaches, who reported more cases of emotional discomfort, perceived gender prejudice, and communication breakdown. However, in mixed-gender partnerships, good emotional intelligence and respect for one another frequently lessen unfavorable impacts. The results indicate that relational quality and performance may be impacted by gender alignment; however, this effect is mitigated by corporate culture and individual interpersonal abilities. Regardless of gender pairing, coaches who received training in inclusive communication and gender awareness were more effective in creating enduring connections. The study emphasizes how gendered communication patterns and unconscious prejudice must be addressed in coach education programs. Performance results are significantly shaped by gender dynamics in coach-athlete relationships. The creation of inclusive and sympathetic coaching techniques is crucial to maximize performance in all gender pairs, even if same-gender pairings frequently promote more seamless interactions. This study promotes training and policy changes that take gender dynamics into account to create fair and productive sports settings
A Study of the Special Issues of Mufeed in the Context of Naat: نعت کے حوالے سے ”مفیض“کے خاص شماروں کا مطالعہ
No full textThis paper provides a detailed analysis of the special issues of "Mufeez" in relation to its coverage of naat (eulogistic poetry in praise of the Prophet Muhammad, PBUH). "Mufeez" is a respected literary journal that has played a significant role in highlighting the importance of naat literature and its creative aspects. These special issues delve into various facets of naat, exploring its stylistic diversity, the spirituality reflected in naat poetry, and the depiction of sacred messages. The analysis examines both modern trends in naat and the beauty of classical naat, showcasing how the journal addresses the evolving nature of religious and spiritual poetry in contemporary times. The paper also sheds light on the aesthetic and thematic aspects of naat, demonstrating how "Mufeez" has adapted naat literature to meet the demands of the modern era. This study serves as a significant resource for understanding the literary heritage of naat and its contemporary developments