Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar: E-Journals
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The impact of culture limitation for Females to participate in sports activities at college level: A case study of district Sialkot
Get PDFThe main purpose of the study the impact of culture limitation for Females to participate in sports activities at college level: A case study of district Sialkot. Objectives of the study were to analyses the influence of societal constrains on college level female sports participation. To assess the influence of cultural limitations on college level female sports participation. To determine the effect of different demographic factors of the respondents regarding the effect of societal constraints upon female college sports. To determine the effect of different demographic factors of the respondents regarding the effect of cultural limitations upon female college sports. The researcher used Likert type questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire was consisting of two different portions the first portion was developed to investigate the influence of societal constraints upon girl’s participation at college level and second portion was design to collect information regarding the influence of cultural limitations upon female college sports. Total 867 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 771 (F.A students= 578 and F.Sc students= 193) copies were returned in all respect 98 copies of questionnaire were spoiled the return ratio of the questionnaire were 88.93%. All the students of female colleges of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan was the matter of interest of the researcher to collect information. In this present study the researcher takes 20% female students from the colleges of Sialkot. The researcher assumes that, the 20% sample for this type of study had sufficient to draw the conclusions and generalizations. The researcher assumes that, proportionate sampling technique appropriate to take sample from the population. The total number of sample was 867 (666 F.A students & 201 F.Sc Students). Researcher observed there is significant effect of societal and cultural aspect upon the girl’s participation in sports activities
THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOURS OF MANAGERS WORKING IN BANKING SECTOR ON EMPLOYEES\u27 JOB SATISFACTION: THE EXAMPLE OF AĞRI PROVINCE
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to look into the effects of leadership behaviors of managers in the banking sector in Ağrı province on employees\u27 job satisfaction. The sample of the research, which was designed within the framework of the survey model within the quantitative research method, consists of 130 employees of public and private banks in Ağrı province. In the study, personal information form, job satisfaction scale and leadership styles determination scale were used as data collection tools. The study used descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data. IBM SPSS 26 package program was used to analyze the data collected in the study. Results of the study revealed a positive relationship between job satisfaction and leadership behaviors. The study has implications both for the new researchers and the policy makers of the Agri province. This is the first study in the Agri province in the banking sector
ATTITUDE TOWARDS FEMALE STUDENT PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND COMPETITIVE SPORTS IN DEGREE GIRLS COLLEGES
Get PDFSports are generally opted either for the sake of recreation or for thecompetition or for achieving both the purposes at the same time. Competitivesports are played from amateur level of university competitions to theprofessional levels of regional, provisional, national and internationalcompetitions. The data was collected through Questionnaire that is “Attitudetowards female Students participation in Physical Education and Competitivesports (ATFSPPECS)”; the sample of study is comprised of 239 subjects,Female students of Government Girls Degree Colleges Hyderabad B.Sc.,B.Com, B.Cs, BA-I,II (N=180), Female Sports Directress(N=09),Parents(N=50). When laying out the plan or set of strategies for attractinggirls towards taking a part in sports or physical activities regularly, whatshould be kept in the mind is that the problem does not lie in the gender of theparticipant, lesser resources and deficient training and practicingopportunities are the real problems. The activities are not constructedappropriately and are not taught in the proper way and this is one of the bigproblems as well
POWER RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS
Get PDFThe physical fitness trainings, accordingly, have been split into specificaspects in order to attain endurance, coordination, flexibility, speed andstrength. Literature review clearly reveals that there is lack of data regardingphysical fitness levels in private and government school going children fromPakistan. The present study was conducted with an aim to compare the powerrelated components (Standing broad jump, Push Ups, Sit Ups, and Hand Grip)of physical fitness of government and private schools’ children. Crosssectional study design was used, the study was conducted on male children(n=304, 152 each from private and government schools) locatedwithin/outskirts of the main city of Sargodha, Pakistan. Total ten schools (5private and 5 government) were earmarked and registered in the study.Convenience sampling technique was used. Children between the ages of 9-11years, Children in primary level of education and children which are theresidents of Sargodha were included in the study. There were statisticallysignificant differences between Standing broad jump, Push Ups, Sit Ups, HandGrip of Private and Government schools’ students. Finally, it was concludedthat the power-related components of physical fitness of government schoolchildren is better than the private schools’ children except hand grip tes
AN EDUCATIONAL APPRAISAL OF SELF-ESTEEM AND PERSPECTIVE APPROACH OF TWO EASTERN LEGENDS ALLAMA IQBAL AND KHUSHAL KHAN KHATTAK
Get PDFThis was an evaluative type study, in qualitative paradigm it was based onavailable literature review. The researcher traced various literatures writtenon great Khushal Khan Khattak’s concept of Khudi and Dr. AllamaMuhammad Iqbal. Both are the great Men and both touched the same qualityof human nature. Both are agreed on the same point that Khudi-self-esteem isthe vital characteristic of human to be kept it alive. Because this is the key aimof life to be conscious in dealing with others, if there is honour and dignity forone he or she has to live and work there but if it lacks then no need to killone’s ego for few pennies. The objectives of this study were: to review theliterature and investigate the concept of khudi of Khushal Khan Khattak andAllama Muhammad Iqbal and to bring forth the message to the masses forpractical application to become a free and independent nation of the world.Review as methodology was adopted for digging out the instances of both thescholars’ message. The literature proved that both were the Men of strong egoand this is why they wanted to spread their message to masses for becomingunique individuals in the society and become a stronger and brave nation inthe world. The researcher recommended that their teachings may be taught tothe students focusing their khudi to become a zealotical nation in theirpractical lif
ACCOUNTABILITY AT CROSSROADS: GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND CONSEQUENCES IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFThis paper points to how anti-corruption efforts in Pakistan at the national and provincial levels actually contribute to their failure. The broad and flexible definitions of corruption in prevailing laws have led to miscarriages of justice, as numerous interpretations result in potential unfair targeting of individuals. The complex landscape of accountability in Pakistan also evolves from multiple institutional overlaps—lacking clear jurisdictional boundaries. A case in point is the use of plea bargaining as a corruption prevention model that faced criticism for being coercive as well as an infringement on one’s right to fair trial. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) has often been accused of violating fundamental rights protected in the Constitution of Pakistan, and the accountability procedures are seen as humiliating for civil servants. This paper discusses how the overall institutional-legal framework is shaped by its heavy dependence on the government that undermines the operational effectiveness of the Anti-Graft Bodies (A-GBs). It overviews anti-corruption efforts in Pakistan facing mainstream challenges: political-policy implications, legal-institutional inconsistencies, violations of rights, and operational inefficiency, which collectively hinder their effectiveness
Effective Physiotherapy Management of Myofascial Pain with Exertion Beyond Fatigue Level in Sportsman: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Myofascial pain typically represents itself as dull deep aching sensation provoked by excessive or erroneous use of the muscles and psychological stressors causing increased tension in muscle. There is increasing awareness about active myofascial trigger points to have a major role in causing the symptoms of patients with Musculoskeletal pain. Objective: This study aimed to concisely report a case of myofascial pain syndrome associated with exertion beyond fatigue level and managed by myofascial trigger point therapy. Methods: The relevant information about the case was collected prospectively using musculoskeletal assessment form. The patient was diagnosed mainly by detailed history and gold standard palpation method that helps to identify taut muscles, tender myofascial trigger points, and neurodynamic and soft tissue mobilization treatment techniques was used for management. Case description: A 23-yfor male patient attended the physical therapy OPD at Helping hand institute of rehabilitation sciences. Patient was suffering from chronic pain along inferior angle of right scapula and was referred to OPD where he was treated with myofascial massage therapy, with soft tissue mobilization or fascia mobilization technique like friction massage and skin traction techniques over the right medial intra-scapular soft tissues. Moreover, trigger point release techniques for rhomboids and trapezius muscles, muscle stretching for scalene and upper trapezius and strengthening for serratus anterior muscle and thoracic mobilization techniques along with long thoracic nerve mobilization were used in combination. About 20-40 minutes of 1-3 sessions resulted in patient (100%) recovery and remained stable after two-months of follow-up. Conclusion: The maneuvers used for the treatment of myofascial pain in this report provide preliminary evidence of their effectiveness. Furthermore, it gives a background for Musculo-tendinous overuse, lack of warm up and proper biomechanical principles in sports as the sources of intra scapular myofascial pain in players especially those using their upper limb/limbs excessively as demand of their sports. A combination of manual therapy techniques was found reasonably effective with excellent results
IMPROVING PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL IN THE SERVICES OPERATION ENVIRONMENT BY USING THE 6S TECHNIQUE
Get PDFIn today\u27s business land-scape, more is needed for companies to have a solid organizational system and values; they must also continuously improve their quality management systems to ensure zero accidents and complete safety. With intense competition among organizations to produce quality products, creating a positive and productive workplace for employees is a common challenge. Modern technology and the latest methods must be utilized to achieve desired goals and overcome industry challenges. One of the most modern and latest techniques available to organizations is the 6S methodology, which can help achieve industry goals. This study targets to assess the current level of project management planning and control, determine the awareness and understanding of the 6S methodology, and evaluate its impact on project management planning and control. We have chosen a questionnaire methodology for this quantitative research to examine the relationship between familiarity with the 6S methodology and its implementation in a service operating environment. This study will provide insights and recommendations on incorporating the 6S methodology into project management planning and control in a service operating environment. To ensure the successful implementation of the 6S methodology, organizations should provide adequate training and resources to their project management teams and encourage collaboration and communication among team members
EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON TARGETED HEART RATE ZONE
Get PDFReduced targeted heart rate zone is an indication of fitness of an athlete andReduced targeted heart rate zone is an indication of fitness of an individualand the main purpose of the current study was to investigate the “effects ofaerobic training on targeted heart rate zone among college students”. Thestudy was experimental in nature. The population of the study comprised of allthose students (male) who were boarding in hostel with age range 18-22 yearsof Government Post Graduate College Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP),Pakistan. The sample of fifty (n-50) healthy, sedentary, and volunteer subjectsfor the study was determined through Physical Activity ReadinessQuestionnaire (PAR-Q). Resting heart rate of each subject was taken bydigital heart rate monitor as pre-test. Targeted heart rate zone was calculatedthrough the formula [(220-age-RHR) x percentage of intensity+ RHR]. Thesubjects were randomly divided into two equal groups each of 25 subjects. Theexperimental group underwent aerobic training at moderate intensity (50% to70% of the Maximum Heart Rate) for eight weeks while the control groupcarried on their routine life activities. There were four training sessions perweek and each session comprised of 30 minutes besides warm up and warmdown. After eight weeks aerobic training, the post-test of resting heart rate ofeach subject of both group was conducted as the procedure adopted for the prtest. The pre-test data and post-test date was analyzed with the help of SPSSversion 20 by applying the descriptive statistical sources mean, minimum,maximum and standard deviation to show the difference between pre-test andpos-test. The results of the study showed that there was descriptively decreasein targeted heart rate zone of subjects of the experimental group while controlgroup showed no improvement. In light of the findings of the study, it isconcluded that aerobic exercises play important role in the reduction oftargeted heart rate zone and this quality paves the way to show goodperformance in daily physical and sports activities
IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REGIMES OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFFiscal and monetary policies are two important macroeconomic policies which work by adopting different policy regimes to achieve the desired objectives. The present study is an endeavor to identify active and passive policy regimes and attempts to reveal the relatively more dominant policy in case of Pakistan. The study by utilizing time series annual data from 1972 to 2022 uses monetary and fiscal policy reaction functions to reveal the overall active or passive behaviors of fiscal and monetary policies. The study further uses recursive estimation technique and empirically estimates the fiscal and monetary policy reaction functions to identify the year-to-year policy regimes adopted by authorities in Pakistan. Money market rate in taken as proxy for monetary while budget deficit as a percent of GDP is taken for fiscal policy. Output gap, inflation rate, debt as a percentage of GDP, and nominal exchange rate are the study variables. The study finds that both policies interact 40 times out of which monetary policy remained active for 29 and passive for 11 times. Similarly, fiscal policy remained active for 30 and passive for 10 times. Both policies remained pro-cyclical for 19 and counter- cyclical for 21 times. Using the max-min and min-max criteria of pay- off matrix, it is found that monetary policy is Pakistan is more dominant policy as compared to fiscal policy. To ensure the increasing effectiveness of both policies, it is recommended that the authorities should adopt the optimal policy mix by working in coordination while formulating the policies