Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar: E-Journals
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Administrative Discretion and Judicial Review in Pakistan: A Study of Evolving Standards of Reasonableness
Full text linkAdministrative discretion is essential for effective governance, allowing state authorities to respond flexibly to complex social needs. In Pakistan, however, such discretion has often prompted concerns regarding arbitrariness, political influence, and threats to fundamental rights. This study examines how judicial review functions as a safeguard against misuse of discretionary powers, with particular focus on the evolving standards of reasonableness applied by superior courts. Using a doctrinal method, it analyses constitutional provisions, statutory schemes, and key judgments, alongside comparative perspectives from the United Kingdom and India. Findings show a shift in Pakistani jurisprudence from the narrow Wednesbury test toward broader doctrines of fairness, proportionality, and substantive reasonableness. Although judicial activism, especially under Article 184(3), strengthened accountability, it also blurred the line between judicial and executive authority. The study concludes that while courts have refined their review standards, Pakistan still lacks a consistent doctrinal framework. Clearer judicial tests and legislative guidance are needed to balance administrative flexibility with constitutional accountability
Human-Centric Leadership and Employee Well-Being: A Systematic Review OF Empathy-Driven Management Practices for Sustainable Performance
Full text linkThe study hypothesizes the association between the practices of human-centric leadership and the outcomes of employee well-being in knowledge-intensive organizations. Although there has been increased awareness progress, 76 percent of fortune 500 organizations have implemented empathy-first initiatives by 2024, most of them are unable to translate leadership philosophy into a sustainable performance improvement. In this study, the concurrent mixed-methods approach was used, and the data were analyzed on 189 organizational leaders (HR executives, senior management, team leaders) and 342 employees of 87 multinational companies. With the new validated Human-Centric Leadership Index (HCLI) results indicate that organizations with a Leadership Maturity Level of 4 had 54% increase in employee well-being improvement in 41 basis-point improvement of sustainable performance metrics. On the other hand, incomplete implementations were associated with a 36% burnout rate increment and 32% loss of leadership credibility. A set of five crucial design principles was developed, including empathic sensemaking protocols, psychological safety architectures, autonomy-supportive coaching, well-being integrated performance systems, and ongoing compassion feedback loops. The article offers a tested diagnostic tool and implementation plan in developing humanistic leadership that delivers synergistic well-being and performance. The recommendations made in practice focus on rewiring performance management, building empathic literacy, and developing well-being councils. Further studies are needed to understand the effect of long-term effects on organizational resilience and cross-cultural leadership efficiency
Rehabilitation of Shoulder (Rotator Cuff) Injury in Fast bowling Cricketers by Aqua& Theraband (Elasticband) Exercises with Treatment & Diagnosis Evaluation
Full text linkThe main purpose of this research is to rehabilitate shoulder acute and chronic injuries (Rotator cuff muscles) of fast and slow bowlers in cricket. The subjects were gathered from 40 different clubs of District Lahore having confirmed acute and chronic injury of Rotator Cuff (RC). The data was collected from 40 different clubs located in District Lahore. A sample of 105 athletes collected from various clubs and physical assessment test was executed to classify the grade of the injuries. Furthermore, a control group (N=20) has also been taken of more evaluation. Pre and post test has been observed and results calculated after completion of rotator cuff rehab plan. The rehab plan was executed of various hydro and theraband exercises with the duration of 8 weeks and feedback also taken. Principle of specificity, overloading progression and rest and restoration were also executed along with Rest, Ice, compression and evaluation is used as per obligatory. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to check the reliability and it s value was 0.82. Analysis (SPSS-26) software utilized, paired sample t-test used and their result showed significant results. The study concluded that shoulder injury can be recovered if diagnosed properly.
Keywords: Aqua therapy, Rotator Cuff (RC), Treatment and Theraband (elasticband)
Renewable Energy Laws in Pakistan: Bridging the Gap between Policy and Implementation
Full text linkPakistan continues to experience chronic energy shortages, rising dependence on imported fossil fuels, and worsening environmental impacts. In response, the state has introduced an extensive renewable energy framework, including the Alternative and Renewable Energy Policy 2019, the National Electricity Policy 2021, and NEPRA’s regulatory mandates. Despite these measures, implementation remains inconsistent. Using a doctrinal and policy-analysis approach, this study examines why legislative ambition has not translated into practical outcomes. Key barriers include fragmented governance, regulatory uncertainty, weak financial incentives, inadequate grid infrastructure, and limited technical capacity. Short-term planning cycles often conflict with long-term renewable energy goals, further slowing progress. The study concludes that Pakistan’s energy transition requires coordinated reforms such as regulatory stability, targeted financial support, institutional capacity building, modernization of transmission systems, and broader stakeholder engagement. Strengthening implementation mechanisms is essential to enhance energy security, reduce environmental harm, and advance sustainable development
Crossing No Man’s Land: Are Climate-Driven Migrants Protected Under Global Law?
Full text linkClimate change is increasingly emerging as a structural driver of cross-border human mobility, yet international law remains largely unresponsive to the legal status and protection needs of climate-driven migrants. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, desertification, and resource scarcity are forcing populations to move beyond national borders, often into legal uncertainty. This article examines whether existing global legal frameworks particularly international refugee law, international human rights law, and migration governance instruments provide adequate protection for individuals displaced primarily by climate-related factors. Employing a doctrinal and comparative legal research methodology, the study analyses core international treaties, soft law instruments, and relevant jurisprudence to identify normative gaps and conceptual limitations. The findings reveal that the absence of a legally recognized category for climate-driven migrants results in fragmented and inconsistent protection, leaving affected populations vulnerable to exclusion and rights deprivation. The article argues that reliance on traditional refugee definitions and ad hoc humanitarian responses is insufficient. It concludes by proposing normative and policy-oriented pathways, including interpretative expansion of existing regimes and the development of a dedicated international framework, to ensure effective protection for climate-driven migrants under global law
Features of an Admirable Schools
Full text linkThis study tackled a pressing issue: the widespread deterioration in the quality of education within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. There were high expectations for secondary schools in the region, both from public and private stakeholders, including parents who were seeking trustworthy information about what makes a school truly admirable. Consequently, it became imperative to discern the key elements contributing to school excellence, drawing upon global literature reviews and feedback from various stakeholders. The questionnaires administered to principals, teachers, and students included items gathered from reputable sources and were categorized into distinct groups, encompassing aspects specific to schools, strategies for school improvement, and the competencies demonstrated by effective school principals. The study\u27s target population comprised 247 principals/headmasters, 2,964 teachers, and over 10,000 10th-grade students in 247 boys\u27 high schools located within Peshawar City. These schools comprised 27 public and 220 private institutions within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The sample size encompassed 30 principals, 60 teachers, and 600 10th-grade students. Data collection involved the administration of questionnaires to principals/headmasters, teachers, and students. The collected data underwent both quantitative and qualitative analyses, with quantitative methods used to evaluate specific aspects of the data and qualitative data categorized for subsequent discussions. The study\u27s findings unveiled that school excellence is a multifaceted concept influenced by various factors. Paramount among these were relevant curricular offerings, dedicated and well-trained educators, engagement in extracurricular activities, the effectiveness of school principals/head teachers, collaborative efforts among teachers, and the presence of adequate infrastructure. Principals/head teachers played a pivotal role in enhancing school effectiveness by overseeing instructional supervision, efficient administration, promoting teacher collaboration, and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes. Positive school-community relationships also made a substantial contribution to school effectiveness. Admirable institutions were characterized by effective classroom interactions, a perception among stakeholders that the school provided an optimal environment for teaching and learning, and a sense of pride among both educators and students in the school\u27s effectiveness. The recommendations derived from this study were drawn from a synthesis of the literature review and input from a diverse array of stakeholders. These recommendations encompassed both general and specific factors, with a strong emphasis on the leadership abilities of principals, the presence of qualified and committed educators, the cultivation of a conducive school environment, the provision of appropriate infrastructure, and the nurturing of effective school-home relationships. The study adeptly addressed all research questions it posed
Investigating the Investment of Coaches, Parents, and Administrators in the Production of Quality Players throughout Career Lifespans
Full text linkBackground: The development of high-quality athletes involves a coordinated effort from coaches, parents, and administrators. Long-term performance is greatly influenced by their commitment in a players’ commitment, which includes funding, coaching, training, and resource distribution. The scope and efficacy of these contributions are still not well understood, though. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how administrators, coaches, and parents can support the growth of talented athletes throughout their careers. In particular, it looks into how they get involved, how much money they spend, and how it affects athletes’ lifespan and performance. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative data were incorporated into the mixed-methods approach. Athletes, coaches, parents, and sports administrators from a range of competitive levels participated in surveys and organized interviews. Statistical analysis was employed to analyze relationships between investment parameters and player outcomes, while theme analysis gave insights into personal experiences and problems. Result: The findings show that regular and balanced assistance from all three parties greatly improves player development, with administrative support, systematic coaching, and parental emotional support serving as important success factors. Disparities in investment, however, frequently impede the best possible player development. These factors include a lack of coaching experience, administrative inefficiencies, and budgetary limitations. Discussion: These results highlighted the need for a cooperative structure that guarantees athletes equitable and long-term assistance. The research emphasizes the value of organized mentoring programs, athlete development education for parents, and changes to sports organizations’ policies. Conclusion: The study highlights how crucial it is for coaches, parents, and administrators to work together to develop and retain top-tier athletes. In professional sports, addressing current support system inadequacies can improve athlete performance, career length, and overall success
The Protestive Tone of Mohsin Ehsan\u27s Poetry: محسن احسان کی شاعری کا احتجاجی آہنگ
No full textHuman consciousness implies that he not only has a deep understanding of good and bad, but also the appreciation of good and the expression of disgust against evil is a human nature. In every moment of life, he is faced with likes and dislikes. At every moment, he tries to make his next moment better than the last. His future brighter and more radiant than the present, and this thought becomes the justification for his progressiveness. It is natural that whatever stands in the way of his progressive thinking, man protests against it in various ways. Since literature is the artistic expression of man\u27s thoughts and ideas, literature too cannot escape from protest. Since literature is the artistic expression of human thoughts and ideas, literature cannot escape from protest. Another important thing is that when literature is entrusted with the task of criticizing life, protest will inevitably arise in it. Because literature cannot tolerate social evils. In this way, literature itself becomes a protest. Since poetry is a more effective means of expressing feelings and emotions than prose, it is possible and has been possible to protest against social evils more effectively in poetic form. There is a strong tradition of protest in Urdu literature because when Urdu literature came into being, that era was marked by political, social, economic, and moral turmoil. Mohsin Ehsan\u27s poetry covers a wide range of topics. Apart from other topics, there are plenty of protestive elements in his poetry. Both his poems and ghazals echo the protest. He exhibits resistance against all social evils. Resistance among the Urdu poets of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the main reference of Mohsin Ehsan\u27s poetry. In fact, the tradition of resistive poetry in Urdu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa seems incomplete without Mohsin Ehsan
Sustainable Leadership in the Era of Climate Change: A Framework for Ethical Decision-Making
Full text linkGiven the urgency of climate change, sustainable Received 02 April 2025 Revised 26 June, 2025 Accepted 28 June. 2025 leadership practices are now more important than ever. This paper offers a model of ethical decision-making in sustainable leadership, consistent with action on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The model incorporates leadership values relevant to critical aspects of climate action, justice and gender parity, in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, how strong leadership impacts on SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality). The discussion paper explores the place of such transformative leaders in bringing about cross sectoral collaboration, ethical decisions and climate-resilient regional planning that counters climate change’s effects at the same time as addressing issues of social equity and justice in policy development. The study follows a qualitative, conceptual approach. The results identify some key principles of sustainable leadership, including long-term thinking, stakeholder engage ment, transparency, and accountability, and highlight the importance of inclusivity in climate decision-making. The study emphasizes the critical role of leaders in driving climate action, promoting social justice, and fostering gender equality, provides examples of successful leaders who have made a positive impact
Change Agility as Dynamic Capability: Building AI-Driven Centers of Excellence for Organizational Resilience
Full text linkThis paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI)-based Centers of Excellence (CoEs) can help to create a change agility as a dynamic capability to achieve organizational resilience. Although the prevalence of AI is high, where 71 out of 1000 companies have CoE in 2024, adaptive capacity is still elusive. Using a concurrent mixed-methods study, the study examined the information of 178 organizational leaders (C-suite executives, digital transformation officers, and CoE directors) working in 94 multinational companies. Based on the recently tested AI-Driven CoE Maturity Index (ACMI), the results show the organization with CoE Maturity Level 4 was 58 times faster in implementing any change and was 43 times more resilient than when it was at the baseline. On the other hand, the existence of immature CoEs was associated with 39% and 44% change initiative failure and workforce change preparedness erosion. There were five key design principles, namely, algorithmic sensemaking architectures, dynamic resource orchestration, cross-functional learning platform, adaptive governance protocol and resilience feedback loop. This article offers a proven diagnostic tool and implementation plan of CoEs that can change AI potential to organizational resilience. The practical suggestions include incorporating CoEs into strategic planning, promoting the level of algorithm literacy throughout the leadership levels, and developing dynamic ability measurements. The future studies need to examine longitudinal effects of competitive advantage and industry-specific patterns of adaptation