Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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The Effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Stunting: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding is the act of giving breast milk to babies from 0 to 6 months of age without giving any additional food or drinks, other than medicines. Stunting is a nutritional problem in which there is a linear growth disorder caused by chronic nutritional problems and recurrent infections characterized by a height-for-age index (TB/U) where the Z score is less than -2 SD. Early initiation of breastfeeding is one of the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. This study aims to examine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: mothers and children 0 to 59 months, Intervention: early initiation of breastfeeding, Comparison: no initiation of early breastfeeding, Outcome: exclusive breastfeeding and stunting). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Schoolar with keywords ((early breastfeeding initiation OR skin to skin contact OR breast crawl) AND (exclusive breastfeeding OR breast feeding) AND (stunting)). There were 19 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 19 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from Bangladesh, China, Congo, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Romania, Rwanda, Spain, and Tanzania involving 160,080 mothers and children 0 to 59 months. A meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding were 2.16 times more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 2.16, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.65; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding had a 0.89 times chance of not being stunted compared to those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.94; p<0.001 ).Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding can increase exclusive breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of stunting.Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting Incidence, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Meta-Analysis.Correspondence: Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin Nisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628-5736314422.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 685-698https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.07
Examining the Relationship between Vaping and Smoking among Texas High School Students
No full textBackground: Over the last decade, e-cigarettes have grown in popularity, surpassing cigarettes as the most widely used tobacco product among adolescents. Current evidence suggests that using e-cigarettes (vaping) is less harmful than smoking cigarettes; however, vaping has been linked to severe health consequences and an increased likelihood of transitioning to cigarettes. The upward trend of vaping is infrequently studied in concert with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence of e-cigarette use and to assess potential associations with cigarette smoking among Texas adolescents.Subjects and Method: This study analyzed data on the prevalence of vaping and cigarette smoking among high school students from the 2019 Texas Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 2032. Participating schools were selected using a multi-level cluster sampling technique and variables of interest were measured using a stan-dardized self-administered questionnaire. The t-test and chi-square tests were used to determine significance of associations between estimates.Results: Almost one in five respondents (18.7%) reported vaping. Non-Hispanic White students (p< 0.001), bisexual students (p < 0.001) and students in the higher grades were more likely to report e-cigarette use. Overall, cigarette smoking appeared to be on the decline in contrast to e-cigarette use and there was a positive association between cigarette smoking and vaping (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The high prevalence of vaping among Texas high school students is a call to action. Halting the upward trend of e-cigarette use is a priority as these products predispose adolescents to significant morbidity.Keywords: Vaping, e-cigarettes, smoking, Texas.Correspondence: Joseph Odeyemi, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(02): 214-221https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.02.10
Anxiety and It's Relationship with Adherence to Visit Antenatal Care in Pregnant Women
No full textBackground: Pregnant women were listed as one of the vulnerable groups at risk of being infected with COVID-19 due to physiological changes during pregnancy that result in a decrease in partial immunity. Anxiety experienced by pregnant women causes low compliance in conducting pregnancy tests. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and antenatal care compliance in third trimester pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This study used a correlation analytic design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women in Kebonrejo Hasmlet, Kebonrejo Village, Grati District, Pasuruan Regency in November 2021 as many as 37 people. The sampling technique in this research was total sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire and MCH handbook. Data analysis using Chi-square test.Results: from 37 subjekts, almost all of them experienced mild anxiety, namely 29 subjekts (78.4%), and most of them did not comply with ANC, namely 25 subjects (67.6%). The chi-square test show that there is a relationship between anxiety levels and ANC com¬pli¬ance in third trimester pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001).Conclusion: Anxiety levels was associated with ANC compliance in third trimester pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: anxiety, adherence, antenatal care, mental disorder, maternal health.Correspondence: Gadis Meinar Sari. Department of Physiological Sciences and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Facilities, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47 Surabaya, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08123093233.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(01): 90-99https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.01.10
Teenage Pregnancy in Malang: The Analysis on Stunting Incidence in Toddler Aged 24-59 Months
No full textBackground: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem characterized by short stature. Stunting toddlers are generally susceptible to disease, have a below normal level of intelligence and low productivity. The high prevalence of stunting in the long term will have an impact on economic losses for Indonesia, which one of the causes of it is early pregnancy. The aim of this study was to described teenage pregnancy with the incidence of stunting in 24-59 months toddlers.Subjects and Method: This research was a cross-sectional study. Sampling was carried out by a two-stage cluster sampling method using purposive sampling. 96 stunted toddlers were obtained. The dependent variable was mother's age at first pregnancy. The independent variable was stunting incidence. Data was collected using questionnaire data, body length, and weight measurements. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis using SPSS Statististic 20.Results: 51.6% stunted toddlers were born by <20 years old mother at the time of first pregnancy. Almost all stunted toddlers were in the moderate stunting category (92.5%). 65.6% stunted toddlers didn’t get exclusive breastfeeding. 5.4% of 7.5% severe stunted toddlers were born by < 20 years old-mother at the time of first pregnancy.Conclusion: Pregnancy in teenager, when the mother herself is still growing, increases the risk of stunting. Stunting can also occur due to the lack of breastfeeding. It is necessary to make efforts to mature early marriage because it has an impact on unfavorable outcomes.Keywords: 24-59 months, pregnancy, stunting, teenage, and toddlers.Correspondence: Didien Ika Setyarini. Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang. Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia. Email:[email protected]. Mobile:¬08164¬296003Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 550-558https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.0
Meta-Analysis the Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Sexual Disfunction in Injection and Oral Contraceptive Acceptors
No full textBackground: One of the factors that cause sexual dysfunction is the use of hormonal contraception. The hormone progesterone in contraceptives functions to thicken cervical mucus. In addition, the hormone progesterone also facilitates the conversion of carbohydrates into fat so that one of the side effects is causing body weight to increase and reducing sexual arousal which causes an effect on sexual desire. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the use of injectable hormonal contraception and pills on the incidence of sexual dysfunction using a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flowchart diagram. The process of searching for articles was carried out with a range of 2011-2022 in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Researchgate and Springerlink databases. The keywords used in the article search are “hormonal contraceptive” AND “oral contraception” OR “pills contraceptive” AND “injectable contraceptive” AND “sexual dysfunction” AND “cross-sectional”. The inclusion criteria are full text articles with cross-sectional study design, articles using English, multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odds Ratio. Articles that met the requirements were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 application.Results: A total of 14 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Washington, Sweden and Polan were meta-analyzed in this study. A meta-analysis of 7 articles showed that there was an effect of using injectable hormonal contraception on the incidence of sexual dysfunction 1.66 times compared to those not using injectable contraception, but this was not statistically significant (aOR= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.65 to 4.26; p= 0.290). Meanwhile, 7 articles showed that women using oral contraceptives had a 1.42 times risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction compared to not using oral contraceptives and this was statistically significant (95% CI= 1.04 to 1.92; aOR= 1.42; p= 0.030).Conclusion: Injectable hormonal contraceptives show that there is an effect on the incidence of sexual dysfunction, but statistically this relationship is not significant. Hormonal contraceptive pills showed an effect on the incidence of sexual dysfunction and was statistically significant.Keywords: sexual dysfunction, injectable contraceptives, oral contraceptives, meta-analysis.Correspondence: Sumiyati. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282282246211.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 729-741https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.11
Association between Employer Provided and Planned Maternity Leave Duration and Breastfeeding Duration
No full textBackground: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding for at least one year. However, studies have shown that the constraints of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which provides 12 weeks of unpaid leave, may impede this recommendation. Our objective was to evaluate whether employer provided and planned maternity leave duration was associated with breastfeeding duration.Subjects and Method: This was a prospective cohort study wherein 480 postpartum women were recruited from Prentice Hospital between May and July of 2017. Participants completed a questionnaire immediately postpartum and at 12 to 14 weeks postpartum. Independent variables were employer provided and planed maternity duration and partner leave duration. Dependent variables were intention to breastfeed for one year and actual breastfeeding status at 12 to 14 weeks postpartum. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed.Results: Of the 480 women enrolled, 226 (47.28%) intended to breastfeed for at least one year. Women who planned a longer maternity leave were significantly more likely to intend to breastfeed for at least one year (37.41% vs 35.71%, p= 0.033). This persisted after controlling for possible confounders (aOR = 4.08, CI 95%= 1.10 to 15.13, p= 0.040) However, there was no difference in intention to breastfeed for at least one year by the duration of employer allocated maternity or partner leave. There were no differences in actual breastfeeding rates at 12 weeks postpartum across various durations of intended or taken maternity or partner leave.Conclusion: Increased planned maternity leave duration is associated with increased intention to breastfeed, however actual breastfeeding rates at 12 weeks postpartum were not associated with maternity leave duration.Keywords: breastfeeding, Family and Medical Leave Act, maternity leaveCorrespondence: Natasha Kamat, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106. Phone: 216-844-8551. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(03): 268-281https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.03.04
Oral and Injection Hormonal Contraceptives Uptake and Their Risk to Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Breast cancer cases are the biggest contributor to death in women in the world. One of the risk factors is injectable hormonal contraceptives and pills. Injectable hormonal contraceptives and pills contain synthetic hormones progesterone and estrogen that trigger breast cancer, due to an increase in the content of these hormones in the body, this results in an opportunity to experience uncontrolled cell division resulting in gene mutations in the breast gland. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the use of injectable and pill hormonal contraceptives on the incidence of breast cancer using a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flowchart diagram guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2015-2022 using databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Springerlink. The keywords used in the database search were “contraceptive acceptor women” AND “hormonal contraception” OR “injectable contraceptive” OR “DMPA” OR “oral contraceptive” OR “pills contraceptive” AND “breast cancer” AND “case control”. The inclusion criteria were full text articles with a case control study design, articles in English, multivariate analysis using adjusted odds ratio. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: A total of 16 case-control articles from Palestine, Saudi Arabia, China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Finland, Iran, UK, Kenya, Jordan, Algaria, Cameroon and Bangui were carried out in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of 7 articles showed that the use of injectable hormonal contraceptives increased the risk of breast cancer 1.52 and was statistically significant (aOR = 1.52; CI 95%= 1.11 to 2.07; p = 0.009). Meanwhile, 9 articles showed that the use of hormonal contraceptive pills increased the risk of breast cancer 1.96 and was statistically significant (aOR= 1.96; CI 95%= 1.19 to 3.23; p= 0.008).Conclusion: Injectable hormonal contraceptives and pills increase the risk of breast cancer.Keywords: injectable hormonal contraception, pill hormonal contraception, breast cancer.Correspondence: Dian Asih Ning Utami. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281216822211.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(03): 346-358https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.03.11
Correlation between Low Birth Weigth and Stunting in Children Under Five: Meta Analysis
No full textBackground: Stunting in children is a risk factor for increasing child mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between LBW and the incidence of stunting based on previous primary studies.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a meta-analysis study with PICO as follows: P = toddler, I = low birth weight, C = normal birth weight, O = stunting. Search articles in this study using 3 databases, namely Pubmed, Google Scholar and Springerlink. Search articles using the following keywords: Low birth weight AND Stunted OR Birth weight AND Stunted, articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There are 11 articles from Rwada, Nepal, Ethiopia, Eastern Kenya, Pakistan, China, Indonesia and Tanzania from 2017-2022 which were analyzed using PRISMA flow diagrams. The results of this study indicate that toddlers who have a history of being born with low birth weight have a risk of experiencing stunting as much as 2.19 times compared to toddlers who have a history of birth with normal birth weight (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.77 to 2.69; p<0.001).Conclusion: Toddlers with a history of LBW births are at risk for stunting.Keywords: LBW, stunting, toddlers, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Diana Ode. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Ponsel: +6285395912173.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 498-509https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.01
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Changes in Anthropometric Index of Toddler: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Stunting occurs as a result of a long chain of malnutrition burden at every phase of life. Insufficient intake of protein energy in pregnancy and toddler growth has an impact on the risk of stunting under five. In addition, stunting is also considered to be closely related to deficiency of essential micronutrients, especially iron and zinc.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis study using PRISMA diagrams. The article search was conducted based on the eligibility criteria using the PICO Model. Population: Infants aged 0-59 months, Intervention: Zinc supplementation, Comparison: Placebo, Outcome: Anthropometric index of height for age (HAZ). The articles used were from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus published from 2016 – 2022. The keywords used in the search were “zinc” AND “height” AND “infant” OR “toddler”. The inclusion criteria in this study were full paper articles with Randomized Control Trial, the intervention given was zinc with placebo comparison, research subjects were infants aged 0 – 59 months, and articles were published in English. The final results are presented in Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) in the analysis using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: Meta-analysis was carried out on 10 articles originating from the continents of Asia, Africa, and America. The results of the analysis showed that zinc supplementation increased the anthropometric index (HAZ) with SMD=0.51 units higher than placebo and statistically significant (SMD=0.51, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.85; p=0.003).Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis showed that the administration of zinc supplementation increased the anthropometric index (HAZ) in children under five.Keywords: zinc, anthropometry, height for age, toddler.Correspondence: Desif Upix Usmaningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6287838887228.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 580-590https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.09
Feeding Practice with Preventing Stunting on Keluarga Harapan Program Recipients in Pangkajene and Islands Districts
No full textBackground: Stunting is a condition where toddlers are shorter in length and height than their age. Percentage of stunting children in Pangkajene and Islands Districts with the highest percentage of 29.10% and the number of PKH recipients in 2019 as many as 16,498. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Feeding Practice and the incidence of stunting on Keluarga Harapan Program recipients in Pangkajene and Islands Districts.Subjects and Method: The type of research used is observational with a cross sectional study design. The independent variable in this study is stunting and the dependent variable are feeding practice, Low Birth Weight and Economic status. The research location was carried out in Pangkajene and Islands Districts. The population in this study was all infants or toddlers from PKH recipient parents in Pangkajene and Islands Districts as many as 2,946 people in 2019 - 2021. The research sample was infants or toddlers from PKH parents who had participated in the Family Development Session as many as 71 people with the purposive method sampling. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire while secondary data was obtained from the social service of Pangkajene and Islands Districts. This study using the chi square test.Results: Incidence of stunting was higher in respondents with irregular feeding practice than in regular feeding practice (OR=0.54; CI 95% 0.33 to 0.91; p=0.024). The incidence of stunting was higher at low birth weight compared to toddlers with normal birth weight (OR= 0.41; CI 95% 0.23to 0.73; p = 0.001). The incidence of stunting is higher in economic status below the provincial minimum wage Rp. 3,103,800 (OR = 2.25; CI 95% 1.16 to 4.38; p=0.01).Conclusion: Low economic status has a risk of 2.252 times experiencing stunting.Keywords: Feeding Practice, Low Birth Weight, StuntingCorrespondence: Mardhatillah. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang, Indonesia. Jl. Angkatan 45 No. 1, Lotang Salo Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285343350880.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(01): 82-89https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.01.0