Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Use of Vaginal Hygiene Product, Physical Activity, Age at Marriage, Body Mass Index, and Female Infertility
Get PDFBackground: Various products are common in the market for vaginal hygiene purpose, such as povidone iodine vaginal douche, extract of betel leaf, and other herbal internal vaginal hygiene products. However, it is hypothesized that these hygiene products may hamper female fertility. This study aimed to examine the effect of vaginal hygiene product use on female fertility, while controlling for the level of physical activity, age at marriage, and body mass index.Subjects and Method: This study was analytical-observational with case control design, conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. The study population were women aged 15-49 years old. A total of 55 infertile women and 55 pregnant or post-partum women were selected as cases and controls, respectively, by using fixed diseases sampling. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were external and internal use of vaginal hygiene product, level of physical activity, age at marriage, and body mass index (BMI). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: External use of vaginal hygiene product decreased the risk of infertility, but it was statistically non-significant (OR=0.62; 95%CI= 0.22 to 1.74; p=0.366). Internal use of vaginal hygiene product (OR=14.97; 95%CI= 1.66 to 135.16; p=0.016), heavy physical activity (OR=7.95; 95%CI= 1.54 to 41.08; p=0.013), age at marriage>29 years (OR=3.66; 95%CI= 0.68 to 19.76; p=0.131), BMI29 years, underweight, and overweight, are risk factors of infertility in women. Women who use vaginal hygiene product internally should be aware that this practice significantly increased the risk of infertility.Keywords:Female infertility, vaginal hygiene product, physical activities, age at marriage, body mass indexCorrespondence: Ayu Kusuma Puspasari Arifin. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 41-52https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.0
Employment Status, Family Income, Contraceptive Availability, and their Effects on the Use of Long Term Contraceptives in Sukoharjo, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Rapid population growth cause population burden on earth and imbalance population distribution. This situation in turn make cause public health and social problems. One of the methods that can be used to control population growth is long term contraceptive use. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) showed that employed mothers were more likely to use long term contraceptive than unemployed mothers. Contraceptives are available for free at Family Planning Clinic (KKB). This study aimed to analyze the effect of employment status, family income, and contraceptive availability, on the use of long term contraceptive among women and men of reproductive age in Sukoharjo, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative analytic and descriptive study with phenomenology approach. This study was conducted in Weru, Kartasura, Polokarto, and Tawangsari subdistricts, Sukoharjo, Central Java. The key informants included acceptors of implant, Intra Uterine Device (IUD), Female Surgical Method (MOW), and Male Surgical Method (MOP). The data were collected by in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation, document review. The data were alayze by interactive analysis. The data were verified by triangulation of data sources.Results: Two informants reported they chose IUD because they had to work outside the house, undesirable side effects of using oral contraceptive, injection contraceptive, and contraceptive use by their mothers and grandmothers. Some other informants have used implant because of undesirable side effect of using injection contraceptive, such as irregular menstruation and increased body weight. Two other informants have used female surgical method (MOW) because they already have three children and do not want to be pregnant again. One male informant reported that he has used male surgical method (MOP) because already has four children, and he followed the methods his father has used. Most of the long term contaceptive users work outside the house and their incomes were lower than the minimum regional standard wage. Most of the long term contraceptive users receive free contraceptive and additional reward (e.g. free rice). The remaining long term contraceptive users buy contraceptives at the health center and hospital. The contraceptives were supplied by the National Coordinating Board of Population and Family Planning (Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional, BKKBN) at province level. Village midwives did not receive free contraceptive because their practices have not been classified as Family Planning Clinics (KKB).Conclusion: Availability of contraceptive is a necessary condition for long term contraceptive use. Working outside the house is an additional factor for most women to realize long term contraceptive use.Keywords: Employment status, family income, availability, long term contraceptive Correspondence: Sri Setiyo Ningrum. Diploma III Program in Midwifery, Poltekkes Bhakti Mulia, Sukoharjo, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(3): 179-187https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.0
Path Analysis on Factors Associated withthe Incidence of Diarrhea in Infants Aged 6-12 MonthsatKaranganyar Community Health Center,inPurbalingga, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: A diarrheal disease is an endemic disease and has outbreak potential in Indonesia. In Indonesia (2012) the number of pain diarrhea on toddler reached 900 per 1,000 inhabitants. This study aimed to determine the factors associated to the incidence of diarrhea in infant aged 6-12 months. Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. This was conducted in Karanganyar Community Health Center, Purbalingga, Indonesia, in April-Mei 2016. A total of 100 subjects was selected Fixed Disease. The data was using the questionnaire. The data analysis used path analysis.Results: There was a direct correlation between breast feeding, nutritional status, personal hygiene of mothers and infants, and the availability of basic sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea, and statistically significant (b= 2.62; 95% CI= 1.00 to 4.24; p= 0.001), (b= 3.37; 95% CI = 0.61 to 6.12; p=0.017), (b=3.70; 95% CI=2.07 to 5.33; p<0.001), (b=3.00; 95% CI=0.69 to 5.32; p=0.011). There is a positive correlation between indirect breast feeding with the incidence of diarrhea through nutritional status, culture with the incidence of diarrhea through breast feeding, culture with the incidence of diarrhea through the facility's individual mothers and babies, the availability of basic sanitation with diarrhea through individual facility's mothers and babies, statistically significant (b=0.91; 95%CI =-0.28 to2.11;p=0.135), (b=1.83; 95% CI=0.95 to 2.22; p<0.001), (b=1.40; 95% CI=0.46 to 2.25; p=0.003), (b=1.10; 95% CI= -0.10 to 2.22; p=0.076).Conclusion: There is a direct correlation between breast feeding, nutritional status, personal hygiene of mothers and infants, and the availability of basic sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea. There is indirect correlation between breast milk with the incidence of diarrhea through nutritional status, culture, personal of mother and infants, the availability of basic sanitation with diarrhea through individual facility's mother and the baby.Keywords: nutritional status, culture, human breast milk, sanitation, individual hygiene, diarrheaCorrespondence: Norma Arista Narzah.Community Health Center, Karanganyar, Purbalingga, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 13-18https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.03
Effect of Breast Care and Oxytocin Massage on Breast Milk Production: A study in Sukoharjo Provincial Hospital
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 39.05% in Sukoharjo in 2015, which is far bellow the national target of 80%. A study has shown that massage oxytocin increases oxytocin (OT) hormone release, and eventually decreases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide (NO), and beta-endorphin (BE). This OT hormone release will increase milk ejection, which facilitate milk production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast care and oxytocin massages on breast milk production in post–partum mothers.Subjects and method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), conducted at Sukoharjo Hospital, Central Java 19 October to November 18, 2016. A total of 90 post – partum mothers were selected at random and then allocated into breast care group and oxytocin massage group. The dependent variable was breast milk production. The independent variable was breast care and oxytocin massage. Changes in breast milk production before and after intervention between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney test.Results: The increase in breast milk production in breast care and oxytocin massage group (mean = 17.37, SD = 9.70) was larger than that of the control group (mean = 1.58, SD = 1.69), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusion: Breast care and oxytocin massage can significantly increase breast milk production. Post-partum mothers are recommended to practice breast care and oxytocin massage, in order to increase breast milk production.Keywords: breast care, oxytocin massage, breast milk production.Correspondende: Tutik Rahayuningsih. School of Health Polytechnics, Poltekkes Bhakti Mulia, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 101-109https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.0
Evaluation of “Jumat Pintar” Program in Reducing the Incidence of Anemia in Young Women in Sukoharjo, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Anemia is iron deficiency in the body which gives a negative impact. Anemia in the short term can lead to vulnerable young women experience a decline in achievement of learning at school. While long-term, sustained anemia from adolescence until the pregnant can lead to complications of bleeding to death and in Sukoharjo, Jumat Pintar implementation prevents the incidence anemia especially in young women. The activity encouraged from this policy is the giving of Fe tablet. The evaluation was conducted to assess the performance of the implementation of the policy of running and achievements obtained in accordance with the original purpose. This study was aimed to evaluate the implementation of Jumat Pintar program in lowering the incidence of anemia of young women.Subject and Methods: This was a qualitative study, was conducted in September-October 2016 in Sukoharjo. A total of 20 samples were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using in depth interviews, observation and study of documentation. The data were analyzed using the interactive analysis techniques to compare the data obtained with data triangulation.Results: The execution of Jumat Pintar at stages of planning activities, the determination of the amount of goals and services granting Fe tablet was in adherence with the standard procedures of implementation. The stage of the expansion of the network of independent outlets and stages of monitoring and oversight have not run optimally. The scope of consumption of Fe tablet is not can be traced and decrease in the numbers of Genesis anemia in teenagers does not represent the entire area. The main constraints implementation comes from the absence of a legal umbrella agreement work, lack of financial support from various parties, the low commitment of the education sector, and low awareness of the goal.Conclusion: The implementation of Jumat Pintar is running optimally. The formation of independent outlets have yet to be implemented at each high school in Sukoharjo Regency, the absence of funding sources and still low level of involvement of target.Keywords: anemia, the movement of young women, the evaluation of the implementation of Jumat Pintar program.Correspondence: Ayudhia Pratiwi. School of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 25-33https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.05
Effectiveness of Pregnant Woman Class in The Prevention of Pregnancy Anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java
Get PDFBackground: In developing countries 40% of maternal mortality is associated with pregnancy anemia. Pregnancy anemia has negative effect to mothers, before, during, and after delivery. The purpose of this study was determined effectiveness of pregnant woman class in the prevention of pregnancy anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Benculuk health center, Banyuwangi, East Java. A total of 100 subjects were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, consisting of 50 pregnant mothers who participated pregnant woman class and 50 who did not participate pregnant woman class. The dependent variable was pregnancy anemia. The independent variables were participation in the pregnant woman class, maternal education, family income, food myth, and visit to obstetric gynecology specialist. Anemia was measured by spectrophotometer. Other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyze by multiple logistic regression.Results: Participation in pregnant woman class (OR=0.18; CI 95%= 0.03 to 1.21; p=0.078), maternal education ≥ senior high school (OR=0.07; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.92; p=0.043), and high family income (≥ Rp 1,599,000) (OR=0.18; CI 95%= 0.31 to 1.03; p=0.054) decreased the risk of pregnancy anemia. Myth in food restriction (OR=4.47; CI 95%=0.73 to 27.51; p=0.106) increased the risk of pregnancy anemia. There was no relationship between visit to obstetric and gynecology specialist and the risk of pregnancy anemia (OR=0.93; CI 95%=0.09 to 9.17; p=0.952).Conclusion: Participation in pregnant mother class, maternal education ≥ senior high school, and high family income (≥ Rp 1,599,000) decrease the risk of pregnancy anemia. Myth in food restriction increase the risk of pregnancy anemia. There is no relationship between visit to obstetric and gynecology specialist and the risk of pregnancy anemia.Keywords: pregnant woman class, pregnancy anemiaCorrespondence: Yeni Andriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health 2016, 1(4): 230-241https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.0
Analysis of Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnant Women at Prambanan Community Health Center, Sleman, Yogyakarta
Get PDFBackground: Maternal anemia has serious impact on maternal and fetal health outcome. Pregnant women are at high risk of anemia. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the incidence of anemia among pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted at Prambanan Community Health Center, Sleman, Yogyakarta. A total of 120 trimester II and III pregnant mothers, was selected for this study. The dependent variable was incidence of anemia. The independent variables were gestational age and maternal education. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Result: Trimester II pregnant women had lower risk of anemia than trimester III (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.80; p = 0.013). Pregnant women completed high school had lower risk of anemia than lower education (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 1.29 to = 6.81; p = 0.010).Conclusion: Gestational age and maternal education are associated with the risk of anemia in pregnant women.Keywords: anemia, pregnant women, trimester II and III, maternal educationCorrespondence: Ratna Prahesti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal Maternal and Child Health, 2016; 1(2): 131-137 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.0
Age, Parity, Physical Activity, Birth Weight, and the Risk of Perineum Rupture at PKU Hospital in Delanggu, Klaten, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Physiologic vaginal delivery of offspring may cause spontaneous unintended perineum tear (rupture) with varying degrees. Perineum rupture is the second leading cause of post-partum bleeding after uterine atony. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between age, parity, physical activity, birth weight, and the risk of perineum rupture.Subject and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was carried out at PKU Hospital, Delanggu, Klaten, Central Java. A total of 78 mothers giving birth at the maternity ward were selected for this study stratified random sampling. The independent variables were age, parity, physical activity, and birth weight. The dependent variable was perineum rupture. The data were collected by interview and observation, and then analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Maternal age ≥ 35 years old (b = 3.36; 95%CI = 0.91 to 5.80; p = 0.007) increased the risk of perineum rupture, and it was statistically significant. Sufficient physical activity (b =-3.16; 95% CI =-5.05-1.27 ; p = 0.001) and multiparity (b =-4.05; 95% CI =-6.62 to -1.50; p = 0.002) decreased the risk of perineum rupture, and it was statistically significant. Birth weight did not show significant effect on the risk of perineum rupture (b = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.97 to 3.24; p = 0.291). Maternal employment status did not show its effect on physical activity level.Conclusion: Maternal age ≥ 35 years old increased the risk of perineum rupture. Sufficient physical activity and multiparity decreased the risk of perineum rupture. Special care should be taken on these two risk factors when assisting birth delivery in order to prevent perineum rupture.Key words: age, parity, physical activity, birth weight, perineum rupture.Correspondence: Tri Ari Hastuti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 93-100https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.04
The Relationship Between Child Nurturing Pattern, Family Support, and Language Competence in Children Aged 5-6 Years with Auditory Disorder
Get PDFBackground: Hearing is one of the important senses for human that functions as a communication tool and education. Lack of hearing ability in children may hinder development and lead to problem in language and speaking ability. In turn it may affect academic achievement. Hearing disorder therefore needs to be detected early. This study aimed to determine the relationship between child nurturing pattern, family support, and language competence in children aged 5-6 years with auditory disorder.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. It was carried out at “Jala Puspa” Children Observation Garden (Taman Observasi Anak “Jala Puspa”) Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital, Surabaya, East Java. A total sample of 40 children aged 5-6 years with their parents were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was language competence. The independent variables were child nurturing pattern and family support. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: There were positive relationship between nurturing pattern (OR= 10.05; 95% CI= 1.85-54.73; p= 0.008), family support (OR= 6.76; 95% CI= 1.36-33.51; p= 0.019), and language competence.Conclusion: Nurturing pattern and family support have positive relationship with language competence.Keywords: child nurturing pattern, family support, language competence, auditory disorderCorrespondence: Dewi Tirtawati. School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(3): 188-194https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.0
Mentoring of Pregnant Women at High Risk Program (Gerdaristi) to Reduce Maternal and Infant Mortality in Nganjuk, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Maternal and infant mortality has the third rank in East Java. The effort to reduce the number of maternal and infant mortality is through Mentoring Program Pregnancy and High Risk Infants Mortality or Gerakan Pendampingan Ibu Hamil Beresiko Tinggi (Gerdaristi). This study aimed to investigate the success rate of implementation of Gerdaristi program in reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Nganjuk.Subjects and Method: This was a case study with qualitative method. This was conducted in Nganjuk, East Java. A sample of 10 pregnant women, 4 cadres, 2 coordinator midwives, 2 community leaders, 1 of the IBI informant, 2 key informant from department of health were selected by using purposive sampling. The data collection used interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and documentation. The data were analyzed by chain of evidence, triangulation, member check, checks the extension of participation and colleagues.Results: Implementation Gerdaristi program every month hosted in the health center. Cadres assisted health centers and conducted home visits every week. Gerdaristi program success is as high as the number of maternal and infant mortality from year to year decline. Nevertheless they found several things including not maximal assistance from the volunteer and mother's level of knowledge about high risk pregnancies are still lacking, and still have a maternal and infant mortality in some districts. This is due to several factors that inhibit awareness among pregnant women to give birth at the hospital as well as their lower mortality factor that cannot be predicted from the beginning.Conclusion: Gerdaristi program has been implemented in accordance with the initial plan involving several related sectors, although there is a few things that implementation is not optimal, but rated this program has been quite successful.Keywords: gerdaristi program, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rateCorrespondence: Titin Ratnaningsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 268-276https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.0