Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Health Belief Model and Labelling Theory in the Analysis of Preventive Behaviors to Address Biopsychosocial Impacts of Sexual Violence among Street Children in Yogyakarta
Get PDFBackground: Street children are at high risk of sexual violence. Necessary measures should be undertaken to address deleterious biopsychosocial impacts of sexual violence. This study aimed to analyze the preventive behaviors to address biopsychosocial impacts of sexual violence among street children in Yogyakarta using Health Belief Model and Labelling Theory.Subjects and Method: This study was qualitative descriptive with phenomenology approach. The key informants for this study included Head of Rumah Impian Indonesia Foundation (a social non-government organization) and Director of PKBI, Yogyakarta. The main informants were the street children with assistance from Rumah Impian Indonesia Foundation. Supporting informants were health personnels of Jetis community health center and the street children’s brothers.Results: Street children who had experienced sexual violence were taken care by Rumah Impian Indonesia Foundation. The biopsychosocial effects of sexual violence included anxiety, anger, shock, trauma, fear, feelings of revenge, irritation, emotion, stress, unwillingness to eat, bad mood, and staying alone in the room. Preventive behaviour to overcome biopsychosocial impacts of sexual violence included forgetting, letting it go, not mentioning the problem again. Label or negative stigma given by the community to street children included marred children, dirty children, and social garbage.Conclusion: Sexual violence experienced by street children cause various psychologic impacts, which calls for appropiate preventive behaviors to minimize the deleterious impacts of sexual violence. The social impacts of sexual violence in street children include labelling and negative stigma.Keywords: Health Belief Model, Labelling Theory, sexual violence, biopsychosocial, preventive behavior, street children.Correspondence: Intan Noor Khalifah. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected] Mobile: +6285728000164.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 309-323https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.0
Association Between Pregnant Woman Class and Pregnancy Complication in Tegal District, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Maternal mortality amounted to 33 cases in Tegal, Central Java, in 2015. The leading cause of maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was obstetric complication, i.e 46.8%. Pregnancy complication may be affected by maternal age, parity, education, and maternal employment status. Various efforts have been implemented by the government to reduce maternal mortality rate, including pregnant woman class. The objective of the pregnant mother class is to increase maternal knowledge in risk factor detection and to increase their willingness to use antenatal care. This study aimed to estimate the association between pregnant woman class and pregnancy complication, while controlling for confounding factors.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational with case control design. This study was conducted at Pagerbarang, Pangkah and Dukuhwaru Health Centers, Tegal, Central Java. A total of 90 study subjects, consisting of 30 laboring women with complication and 60 without complication. The dependent variable was pregnancy complication. The independent variables were maternal age, parity, education, employment status, and participation in pregnant woman class. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. The data on pregnancy complication was obtained from the obstetric record at the health center. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regresion.Results: Parity ≥3 (OR = 3.47; CI 95% = 0.95 to 12.69; p=0.060) and maternal education <senior high school (OR= 8.58; CI 95% = 1.7 to 43.33; p= 0.009) increased the risk of pregnancy complication. Maternal age 20 to 35 years (OR= 0.26; CI 95% = 0.08 to 0.81; p=0.020), employed mother (OR= 0.21; CI 95% = 0.06 to 0.71; p = 0.012), and participation in pregnant woman class (OR =0.35; CI 95% = 0.12 to 1.05; p = 0.061), decreased the risk of pregnancy complication.Conclusion: Participation in pregnant woman class is associated with decreased risk of pregnancy complication. Parity ≥3 and maternal education <senior high school are associated with increased risk of pregnancy complication. Maternal age 20 to 35 years and employed mother are associated with decreased risk of pregnancy complication. It is suggested that pregnant women plan their pregnancy in order to prevent pregnancy complication.Keywords: pregnant woman class, pregnancy complication.Correspondence: Siti Maryani. Academy of Midwifery Siti Fatimah, Slawi, Central Java. Mobile: 085741950488.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 214-219https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.0
Effect of Nurturing at Child Care Center on Gross and Fine Motoric, Language and Social Development in Children Aged Under Five Years in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran
Get PDFBackground: Child development is influenced by several factors including parenting style, active learning, and physical need fulfillment. It is generally recommended that nurturing is provided by parents, namely parenting. Because of some constraints, however, some parents are not able to nurture. Child care center (Taman Pengasuhan Anak) is an alternative way of child nurturing. This study aimed to analize the effect of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development at child care center.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran, Central Java. A sample of 138 children under five years old with their mothers was selected by fixed exposured sampling for this study. The exogenous variables included parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment. The endogenous variable was child development, including gross and fine motoric development, language and social development. The parenting style was measured by questionnaire. An observation sheet was used to observe and document child’s active learning at child care center. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to measure child development. The data was analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Fulfillment of need had positive effect on child development, and it was marginally significant (b= 1.38; 95% CI= -0.15 to 2.91; p=0.077). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to learn actively than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.11; p=0.025). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to fulfill their need than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.16; 95% CI= 0.002 to 2.33; p=0.050). Children who actively learned were more able to fulfill their need than those who did not actively learn, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.81; 95% CI= 0.61 to 3.01; p=0.003).Conclusion: There are effects of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on child development, including gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development.Keywords: parenting style, active learning, need fulfillment, child, developmentCorrespondence: Risma Aliviani Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085695222676.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.0
Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Mother’s Participation in Breast Feeding Support Group with Exclusive Breastfeeding Success in Banyuwangi
Get PDFBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is every baby’s right as it can save the baby's life and have a good impact on mother's health. The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Banyuwangi in 2015 was 78.7%. This study aims to explain the relationship between age, parity, education, occupation, household assistant (ART), mother participation in maternal breast support group (KP-ASI) and exclusive breastfeeding success.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in 3 Puskesmas (community health center) in Banyuwangi. The study time was August to September 2017. The sample size was 120 subjects, selected by simple random sampling technique with the total of case group 40 and control group 80. The dependent variable was the exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) success. Independent variables were age, parity, education, occupation, ART, mother participation in KP-ASI. The data was analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.Result: Mother’s age (OR = 3.99; 95% CI = 1.08 to 14.64; p = 0.037), parity (OR = 7.15; 95% CI = 2.19 to 23.33; p = 0.001), education (OR = 1.30; CI95% = (OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.16 to 2.35; p = 0.488), household assistant (OR = 8.99; 95% CI = 2.32 to 34.88; p = 0.001); mother’s participation in breastfeeding (OR = 5.32; 95% CI = 1.79 to 15.76; p = 0.003) was related to exclusive breastfeeding success.Conclusions: The exclusive breastfeeding success is related to mother’s age, parity, household assistant, and mother’s participation in breastfeeding, but not significantly related to mother’s education and employment.Keywords: Exclusive breast feeding, Sociodemographic factors, KP-ASICorrespondence: EndahKusumaWardani. Masters Program in Public Health, SebelasMaret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282257193736.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 335-344https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.05
Path Analysis: Effects of Psychological and Socio-Economic Exposures During Gestational Period on the Risk of Under Nutrition in Children Under Five
Get PDFBackground: In Indonesia the prevalence of under nutrition in children under five in 2013 was estimated to be 12.2%. It is estimated that there are still 4.5 million children underfive with under or poor nutrition have not been detected. Poor nutrition in children under five may have serious impact on their health outcome and cognitive ability in later life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychological and socio-economic exposure during gestational period and geographical area on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Subjects and method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Klaten, Central Java, from 8 September to 2 December 2016. A total of 150 subjects consisting of 57 children under five with birth weight <2.500 gram and 93 children under five with birth weight ≥ 2.500 gram, were selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was weight for age. The independent variable includedmaternal education, family income, number of children, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal gestational stress, slow fetal growth for gestasional age, low birth weight, nutritional intake, geographic area. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, 24 hours food recall, and medical record. The data were analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional intake that is lower than recommended allowance (b=3.14; 95%CI=1.09 to 5.20; p=0.003) and history of birth weight <2.500 gram (b=1.70; 95%CI=0.71 to 2.70; p=0.001) increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five. Slow fetal growth for gestational age, maternal gestational stress, family income < Rp 2,000,000, and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), had indirect significant effect on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Conclusion: Nutritional intake lower than recommended allowance and birth weight <2.500 gram increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Keywords: gestational period, psychological and socio-economic exposure, under nutrition, children under five.Correspondence: Yespy Anna Wahyu Nurindahsari. School of Health Sciences Guna Bangsa, Yogyakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 83-92https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.0
Influence of Psycho-Socio-Economic Factors, Parenting Style, and Sibling Rivalry, on Mental and Emotional Development of Preschool Children in Sidoarjo District
Get PDFBackground: Preschool development is an influential basic stage for further development. Parents and siblings have an important role for a child's development. Parenting may be the best tool for the development of complete and integrated childhood personality. This study aimed to examine the influence of psycho-socio-economic factors, parenting style, and sibling rivalry, on mental and emotional development of preschool children.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. The study was conducted at 4 Community Health Centers, Sidoarjo District, East Java, from March to May 2017. A sample of 120 preschool children were selected for this study by multistage random sampling. The dependent variable was mental and emotional development. The independent variables were maternal education, family income, number of children, belief of child value, parenting style, and sibling rivalry. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Mental and emotional development was directly affected by authoritative parenting style (b=4.81; 95% CI= 3.05 to 6.56; p=<0.001) and sibling rivalry (b=2.45; 95% CI= 0.92 to 3.99; p=0.002). Authoritative parenting style was positively affected by maternal education ≥senior high school (b=2.14; 95% CI= 0.03 to 4.24; p=0.046), family income ≥ minimum regional wage (b=1.41; 95% CI= 0.07 to 2.75; p=0.038), and positive belief of child value (b=1.34; 95% CI= 0.01 to 2.68; p=0.049). Family income was affected by maternal education ≥senior high school (b=2.84; 95% CI= 1.85 to 3.83; p<0.001). Sibling rivalry was affected by number of children ≥2 (b=1.85; 95% CI= 1.06 to 2.65; p<0.001). Number of children ≥2 was affected by positive belief of child value (b= 3.77; 95% CI= 2.27 to 5.27; p<0.001).Conclusion: Mental and emotional development is directly affected by parenting style and sibling rivalry. It is indirectly affected by maternal education, family income, belief of child value, and number of children.Keywords: parenting style, sibling rivalry, mental development, emotional development, preschool children Correspondence: Rahma Fauziyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281230701591Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 233-244https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.0
Analysis of Factors Influencing Female Infertility
Get PDFBackground: Female infertility is one of important public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of infertile cases is increasing each year. Likewise, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics, infertile incidence in Indonesia has been increasing. Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta is one of the hospitals in Central Java Province with increasing number of infertile patients visits. This study aimed to analyze risk factors influencing female infertility.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Sekar Clinic Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta from February to March, 2017. A sample of 105 fertile women, consisting of 35 infertile women and 70 fertile women, were selected for this study. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were age, maternal employment status, level of stress, body mass index, abnormal reproductive organ. The data were collected by medical record and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by logistic regression.Results: Female infertility was affected by aged ≥35 years old (OR= 4.45; CI 95%= 1.27 to 15.54; p=0.019), career women (OR=3.91; CI 95%= 1.14 to 13.38; p=0.043), high level of stress (OR=3.89; CI 95%=1.04 to 14.46; p=0.046), body mass index(OR=4.37; CI 95%= 1.03 to 18.61; p<0.001), abnormal reproductive organ (OR=11.67; CI 95%= 2.80 to 48.54; p=0.030).Conclusion: female infertility is affected by aged ≥35 years old, carrer women, high level of stress, body mass index, and abnormal reproductive organ. Keywords: female infertility, age, level of stress, employment status, body mass index.Correspondence: Ika Indarwati. Masters Programin Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285736222215.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 150-161https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Path Analysis: Effect of Gestational Factors, Psychosocial Factors, and Antenatal Class Program on Toddler Growth
No full textBackground: According to David Barker’s fetal origins hypothesis, the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood. In the current study, toddlers growth is hypothesized to be affected by various gestational exposure and psychosocial factors at early childhood. In addition,the government has launched the class-room program for mothers of toddlers, which aimed improve maternal ability to raise healthy children. This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational factors,psychosocial,andmaternalclass-room programon toddler’s growth.Subjects and method: This was an observational analytical study with case-control design. The study was conducted in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia, from July 29 to August 31, 2016. A total of 120 toddlersaged 3 months to 5 years old along with their motherswere selected for the study by fixed exposure sampling. The exogenous variables were family support, family income, maternal education, maternal physical activity, and maternal participation in the class-room program. The endogenous variables were toddler’sbirthweight, weightfor age,height for age, weight for height. The data were collected with a questionnaire and anthropometric measures. The data were analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Maternal education (b=-2.44; p<0.001), birth weight (b= 0.01; p=0.038), family support (b = 0.04; p = 0.048), and maternal participation in the class-room program (b=1.29; p=0.007), had direct significant effect on toddler’s weight for age. Birth weight (b= 0.14; p=0.279), maternal participation in the class-room program (b=4.92; p=0.020), maternal education (b=-11.76; p=0.209) had direct significant effect on toddler’s height for age. Birth weight (b<0.01; p=0.047), maternal participation in the class-room program (b=0.01; p=0.016), family income (b=-0.01; p=0.549), maternal education(b=-0.01; p=0.008) had direct significant effect on toddler’s weight for height. The goodness of fit statistics for the three outcome variables indicated the goodness of fit of the model specified in the path analysis. Conclusion: Somegestational factors,psychosocialfactors, and maternal participation in the class-room have significant effects on toddler’s growth.Keywords: path analysis, gestation period, psychosocial factors, toddler’s growthCorrespondence: Gita Ayu Indria. Masters Program of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 53-61https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.0
Effectiveness of the Expanded Maternal and Neonatal Survival Program in the Reduction of Maternal Mortality in Tegal, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Maternal mortality rate is one of the sensitive indicators of population health in a country. Various measures have been implemented to reduce maternal mortality rate, including the Expanding Maternal And Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Expanded Maternal and Neonatal Survival program in the reduction of maternal mortality in Tegal, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative evaluative study using context, input, process, product (CIPP) framework. This study was conducted in Tegal, Central Java. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and document review. The primary key informants of this study consisted of 10 subjects, including EMAS team, Head of the District Health Office Tegal, Head of Pagerbarang Health Center, Head of Dukuhwaru Health Center, their coordinating midwife, and community as the program beneficiary.Results: EMAS program was implemented in Tegal because of high maternal mortality rate and lack of community awareness on the importance of visiting health care facility. During the program implementation the district government synergized various stakeholders to realize good governance. Stakeholders work together according to each other task and function. EMAS program has resulted in improved skill of the doctors, midwives, and nurses in tackling emergency cases, so that the emergency cases can be tackled faster, and community awareness use health facilities. The barrier factor was the insufficient number of mentoring health personel.Conclusion: The EMAS program in Tegal district, which aims to reduce maternal mortality rate has been implemented effectively. The emergency referral system is well implemented. Working groups had performed tasks and functions well with adequate responsibility.Keywords: evaluation, EMAS program, maternal mortality rateCorrespondence: Adeyle Datna Karina Cibro. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Mobile: 085642596407.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 250-256https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.0
Multilevel Analysis on the Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Temanggung, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Infants with low birth weight or LBW is one of the risk factors for infant mortality. Complications LBW actually can be prevented and dealt with, but is constrained by access to health care, socio-economic circumstances, a referral system that has not gone well, delays in early detection and awareness of parents to seek medical help. By looking at the number of deaths caused by LBW remains high, and research on the causes of LBW widely used partial analysis, and have not been analyzed in stages, the researchers conducted this research with multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an observational studt with case control design. A total sample of 120 infants were selected by fixed disease sampling with a ratio of 1: 2 between cases and controls. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: There are three variables at the individual level were significantly associated with LBW and was statistically significant can among others, mother’s education (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0:07 to 0.53; p= 0.001), history of ANC t (OR= 7.76; 95% CI= 2.18 to 27.62; p= 0.002) and the nutritional mother status (OR= 5.61; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.79; p= 0.008) and the variables that are not statistically significant is the mother’s age and family income, and there are no contextual role within house with wellness facilities with LBW expressed by ICC < 0.001.Conclusion: The influence of maternal education, a history of the ANC examination and nutritional status of mothers with LBW and there is no contextual role of distance between home and health care facilities with LBW. This study suggests to health professional to improve the coverage of the ANC.Keywords: multilevel analysis, factor low birth weightCorrespondence: Yulia Nur Khayati. School of Health and sciences, STIKes Ngudi Waluyo, Ungaran, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 7-12https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.0