Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Effect of Contraceptive Use, Parity, and Social Economic Factors on Age at Menopause at Bendo Community Health Center, Kediri, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation that usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. Menopause women may experience some undesirable effects, such as sleep disturbance, prone to pain, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted disease (STD), and thinner hair. It is hypothesized that age at menopause is affected by genetic factor, as well as psychosocial factors. This study aimed to the effect of contraceptive use, parity, and social economic factors on age at menopause.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic observatioanal study using case control design. The study was conducted in Bendo Village, Bendo Village, Sumberbendo Village, Pelem Village, Darungan Village, and Sambirejo Village in Community Health Center Bendo, Kediri, East Java, from 8-31 March 2017. A sample of 120 menopausal women was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was age at menopause. The independent variables were hormonal contraceptive use, duration of contraceptive use, parity, education level, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Menopausal age was affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use (b= 0.29; SE= 0.12; p= 0.014), parity (b= 1.98; SE= 0.49; p= 0.001), and family income (b= 2.29; SE= 0.88; p= 0.009). Duration of hormonal contraceptive use was affected by hormonal contraceptive use (b= 5.23; SE= 0.57; p= 0.001) and parity (b= 1.22; SE= 0.27; p= 0.001). Family income was affected by parity (b= 0.14; SE= 0.05; p= 0.002) and education level (b= 0.10; SE= 0.11; p= 0.361).Conclusion: Menopausal age is directly affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and family income. Menopausal age is indirectly affected by hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and education level.Keywords: menopausal age, hormonal contraceptive, parity, social economic factors, path analysisCorrespondence: Estin Gita Maringga. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281357673430.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 113-124https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Effect of Psychological Factors and Workload on Midwife Performance in the Integreted Antenatal Care in Pati, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: One of the sensitive population health indicators is maternal mortality rate (MMR). One of the MMR determinants is antenatal care (ANC) coverage. This study aimed to determine the effect of psychological factors and workload on midwife work performance in the integrated antenatal care in Pati, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Pati, Central Java. A total of 130 midwives was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was work performance. The independent variable motivation, self eficacy, self actualization, workload, and midwife peer group as the contextual variable. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyze by linear multilevel multiple regression model.Results: Motivation (b=0.15; 95% CI =0.01 to 0.29; p=0.035), self actualization (b=0.21; 95% CI=- 0.01 to 0.40; p=0.031), and self efficacy (b=0.15; 95% CI =-0.01 to 0.31; p=0.048) had positive and statistically significant effects on work performance. Workload (b=-0.26; 95% CI=-0.53 to 0.01;p=0.056) had negative and nearly significant effect on work performance. There was a contextual effect of midwife group on work performance. ICC=17.51%; likelihood ratio=- 262.55; p=0.006.Conclusion: Motivation, self actualization, and self efficacy have positive effects on work performance. Workload has negative effect on work performance. Midwife group has a contextual effect on work performance.Keywords: psychological factors, workload, work performance, midwife.Correspondence: Siti Marfuah. Academy of Midwifery Bakti Utama, Pati, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085729885380Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(3): 138-145https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.0
Effect of Prematurity, Birthweight, Maternal Stress, Socio-economic Status, and Mother-Child Intimacy on the Development of Preschool Children in Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Monitoring child development is an important step to prepare healthy children from the earliest age, both physically, spiritually, and socially. Monitoring child development can be done in the kindergarten. Some kindergartens in Surakarta, however, have not implemented child development monitoring program. This study aims to determine the effect of prematurity, birthweight, maternal stress, socio-economic status, and mother-child intimacy, on the development of preschool children.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study using case control design. The study was carried out at 7 kindergartens (TK) in Surakarta, Central Java: TK Negeri Pembina, TK Gaya Baru III, TK Kristen Ngasinan, TK Islam Bakti 6, TK Advent, TK Warga and TK Kanisius Imakulata, from May to June 2017. A sample of 120 children aged 5-6 years old attending kindergartens were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, i.e. selection based on prematurity status. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were prematurity, birthweight, maternal stress, maternal employment status, maternal education, family income, parenting time, and mother-child intimacy. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Child development was measured by development pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP). Nutritional status was obtained from maternal and child health recording book. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Child development was directly affected by prematurity (b=0.29; SE=0.07; p<0.001), birthweight (b=0.04; SE= 0.18; p=0.007), maternal employment (b=0.46; SE=0.20; p=0.020), maternal education (b=0.65; SE=0.21; p=0.002), family income (b=0.01; SE=0.01; p=0.015), and mother-child intimacy (b=0.26; SE=0.05; p<0.001). Family income was affected by maternal employment (b=23.37; SE=5.52; p<0.001) and maternal education (b=23.50; SE=5.79; p<0.001). Mother-child intimacy was affected by maternal stress (b=0.01; SE=0.01; p=0.052) and parenting time (b=0.56; SE=0.05; p<0.001).Conclusions: Child development is directly affected by prematurity, birthweight, maternal employment, maternal education, family income, and mother-child intimacy.Keywords: child development, prematurity, birthweight, socio-economic status, maternal stress, mother-child intimacyCorrespondence: Silfia Angela N Halu. s Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285338395484.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 187-199https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.01
Factors Affecting Infant Formula Feeding in Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Sukoharjo, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Formula feeding in Indonesia continues to increase from 15% in 2003 to 79.8% in 2013. To the best of the authors’ knowledge no studies have been done that analyzed the effects of constructs in Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on formula feeding practice. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing formula feeding practice among lactating mothers for their infants aged 0-6 months, using TPB constructs.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic observational with cross-sectional approach. It was carried out in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, from April to May 2017. A sample of 150 lactating mothers were selected for this study by cluster random sampling. The exogenous variables were the role of health workers, the role of mass media, subjective norm, and maternal education. The endogenous variables were attitudes toward formula feeding, perceived behavioral control, intention, family income, maternal employment status, and formula feeding practice. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Infant formula feeding was directly affected by maternal intention (b=1.96; 95% CI =0.59 to 3.34; p=0.005), perceived behavior control (b=2.24; 95% CI =0.79 to 3.68; p=0.002), family income (b=1.99; 95% CI =0.39 to 3.59; p=0.014), and maternal employment status (b=-2.01; 95% CI =-3.82 to -0.21; p=0.029). Mother's intention was influenced by her attitude (b=1.85; 95% CI=0.58 to 3.12; p=0.004), subjective norm (b=2.98; 95% CI =-0.07 to 6.04; p=0.056), perceived behavior control (b=1.53; 95% CI =0.44 to 2.62; p=0.006), and mass media (b=2.01; 95% CI =0.35 to 3.68; p=0.018). Maternal employment status was influenced by maternal education (b=2.68; 95% CI =1.81 to 3.55; p<0.001). Family income was affected by maternal employment status (b=2.10; 95% CI =1.24 to 2.97; p<0.001). Maternal attitude was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=2.73; 95% CI =0.68 to 4.78; p=0.009). Likewise, maternal perceived behavior control was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=1.03; 95% CI =0.22 to 1.84; p=0.013).Conclusion: Infant formula feeding is directly affected by maternal intention, perceived behavior control, family income, and maternal employment status. Infant formula feeding is indirectly affected by attitude, subjective norm, and the role of health personnel.Keywords: formula feeding, theory of planned behavior, infantCorrespondence: Ayunda Yonik Nuralita. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285642477205.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 270-283https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.0
Maternal, Obstetric, and Infant Factors and Their Associatio with the Risk of HIV Infection in Infants at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
No full textBackground: Incidence of HIV infection by mother to child transmission has been increasing for the past few years. This study aimed to determine the association between maternal, obstetric, infant factors, and the risk of HIV infection in infant.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 68 study subjects, consisting of 34 HIV infected infants, and 34 non HIV infected infants, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HIV infection. The independent variable included maternal nutrirional status, opportunistic infection, antenatal care, type of labor, birth weight, and prematurity. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression model.Results: Maternal HIV opportunistic infection (OR= 10.09; 95% CI= 1.99 to 51.20; p=0.005) and pervaginam labor (OR=5.21; 95% CI=0.92 to 29.58; p=0.063) increase the risk of HIV infection in infant, and they were statistically significant. Maternal body weight (BMI<18.5)(OR=2.71; 95% CI=0.44 to 16.53; p=0.280), antenatal care <4 times (OR=1.94; 95% CI= 0.42 to 9.00; p=0.395), birth weight <2.500 gram (OR=1.09; 95%CI=0.19 to 6.05;p=0.924) and prematurity (OR= 1.65; 95% CI=0.36 to 7.61; p=0.523), each increased the risk of HIV infection but statistically non-significant.Conclusion: Maternal HIV opportunistic infection and pervaginam labor are strong and significant predictors for the risk of infant HIV infection. Health personnel should pay special attention on these significant risk factors when assisting birth delivery, in order to prevent HIV infection in infants.Keywords: maternal, obstetric, infant risk factors, HIV infection.Correspondences: Deni Nur Fauzia Rahmawati. Masters of Public Health Program, Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected] Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 73-82https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.0
Sibling Role, Parenting Pattern, Maternal Education and Knowledge, and Their Associations with Speech-Language Ability of Children Aged 3-5 Years Old in Karanganyar, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Speech-language ability is one of several developmental abilities that must be masters by children under-five. Data from the Central Biro of Statistics showed that in 2014 there were 131 children under-five with speech-language ability problem. This study aims to determine the associations between sibling role, parenting pattern, maternal education and knowledge, and speech-language ability of children 3-5 years old.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. The study was carried out in Gondangrejo Sub-District, Karanganyar District, Central Java. A sample of 80 children aged 3-5 years old were selected for this study by random sampling. The dependent variable was speech–language ability. The independent variables were sibling role, parenting pattern, maternal education, and knowledge. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Logistic regression was employed for data analysis.Results: Sibling role (OR= 13.23; 95% CI= 2.42 to 72.45; p=0.003), parenting pattern (OR= 7.58; 95% CI= 1.47 to 38.96; p= 0.015), maternal knowledge (OR= 9.64; 95% CI= 2.10 to 44.17; p= 0.004), and maternal education (OR=7.84; 95% CI =1.47 to 41.96; p=0.016) were associated with speech-language ability.Conclusion: Sibling role, parenting pattern, maternal knowledge, and maternal education are associated with speech-language abilityKeywords: sibling, parenting pattern, education, speech-languageCorrespondence: Arif Siswanto. Diploma Program in Speech Therapy, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628121529694.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 223-232https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.0
Effects of Maternal Education, Psychosocial Stress, Nutritional Status at Pregnancy, and Family Income, on Birthweight in Nganjuk, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Low birthweight (LBW) is one of the primary causes of infant mortality. It shares 27% of infant mortality rate (IMR). The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey in 2007 reported that the IMR was 34 deaths per 1,000 live births. As much as 30.3% of this rate was accounted by LBW. As such LBW is an important global public health issue. Countries arround the world have committed to overcome this problem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal education, psychosocial stress, nutritional status at pregnancy, and family income, on birthweight.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted in Ngetos community health center, Nganjuk, East Java, from May to June, 2017. A total sample of 120 were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, compresing 40 infants with low birthweight and 80 infants with normal birthweight. The dependent variable was birthweight. The independent variables were maternal education, psychosocial stress, nutritional status at pregnancy (middle-upper arm circumference, MUAC), maternal anemia, and family income. MUAC was measured by MUAC measuring tape. Hemoglobin concetration was measured by Sahli meter. Psychosocial stress was measured by Holmes and Rahe stress scale. The other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. Path analysis was used for data analysis.Results: MUAC ≥23.5 cm (b= -0.80, SE= 0.57; p=0.064), hemoglobin concetration ≥11 g/dL (b= -120.16, SE= 45.14, p=0.008), and low psychosocial stress (b= -0.80, SE= 0.57, p=0.164) directly and negatively affected low birthweight. Maternal education ≥Senior High School (b= 1.28, SE = 0.056, p= 0.022), psychosocial stress (b= -0.001, SE<0.001, p=0.097), and family income (b= 0.97, SE= 0.46, p=0.036) positively affected MUAC. MUAC ≥23.5 cm positively affected hemoglobin concentration ≥11 g/dL (b= 0.19, SE = 20.84, p<0.001).Conclusion: MUAC, hemoglobin concetration, and low psychosocial stress directly and negatively affect low birthweight.Keywords: low birthweight, MUAC, maternal anemia, psychosocial stress, family incomeCorrespondence: Dhewi Nurahmawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62813330787826.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 324-334https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.0
Role of Biopsychosocial Factors on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children Under-Five Years Old at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: It is estimated that the worldwide annual incidence of child pneumonia is approximately 156 million cases. Sixty-one million new cases occure in Southeast Asia with death rate of 3.1 million deaths per year. Prevalence of infant pneumonia in Indonesia is high at 1.8% in 2013 with mortality of 0.16% in 2015. This study aimed to determine the role of bio-psychosocial factors on the risk of pneumonia in children under-five years old. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moe¬wardi Hospital, Surakarta, from April to May 2017. A sample 120 children under five years old, consisting of 30 children with pneumonia and 90 children without pneumonia, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, low birthweight, maternal stress, maternal education, maternal employment, family income, and home environment. Nutritional status was measured by anthropometry, while other variables were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was employed to analyze data. Results: Pneumonia in children under-five was directly affected by nutritional status (b= -1.23; 95% CI=-2.45 to -0.02; p=0.047), exclusive breastfeeding (b=-1.09; 95% CI=-2.26 to 0.07; p= 0.065), maternal stress (b= 1.70; 95% CI =0.36 to 3.04; p=0.013), maternal education (b=-1.96; 95% CI=-3.31 to -0.61; p=0.004), and home environment (b=-1.83; 95% CI = -3.02 to -0.64; p=0.002). Nutritional status was affected by maternal education (b=3.48; 95% CI=1.79 to 5.17; p<0.001), maternal stress (b=-2.55; 95% CI=-4.06 to -1.04; p=0.001), family income (b=3.26; CI 95%=1.67 to 4.84; p<0.001), and low birthweight (b= -1.84; 95% CI=-3.12 to -0.57; p= 0.005). Exclusive breastfeeding was affected by maternal education (b=0.97; 95% CI=0.09 to 1.86; p=0.031), maternal stress (b=-0.74; 95% CI=-1.69 to 0.19; p=0.112), family income (b=1.39; CI 95%=0.54 to 2.23; p=0.001), and maternal employment (b=-1.29; 95% CI=-2.14 to -0.45; p=0.003). Maternal stress was affected by home environment (b=-1.12; 95% CI=-1.96 to -0.29; p=0.009 Home environment was affected by maternal education (b=0.76; 95% CI=-0.03 to 1.54; p=0.059). Low birthweight was affected by maternal education (b=-1.21; 95% CI=-2.08 to -0.35; p=0.006) and family income (b=-1.50; 95% CI=-2.35 to -0.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: Pneumonia in children under-five is directly affected by nutritional status children, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, maternal stress, and home environment. Keywords: pneumonia, biopsychosocial factors Correspondence: Nining Lestari. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285229390353.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 162-175https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Bondowoso District, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of the maternal death worldwide. Postpartum hemorrhage accounted 20% of all causes of maternal death in Bondowoso, East Java. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was carried out at 5 community health centers, Bondowoso District, East Java, from March to May 2017. A sample of 120 study subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 40 postpartum women with hemorrhage and 80 postpartum women without hemorrhage. The dependent variable was postpartum hemorrhage. The independent variables were family income, birth space, type of delivery, mother's middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), antenatal visit, and high-risk score card. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Post partum bleeding was directly affected by birth space 10 years (b=3.03; 95% CI = 1.52 to 4.55; p 10 years (b=0.80; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.57; p= 0.041), family income < Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.72; 95% CI= -0.57 to 1.49; p= 0.070), and antenatal visit ≥ 4 (b=0.70; 95% CI= -0.07 to 1.48; p= 0.076). MUAC was affected by family income ≥ Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.67; 95% CI= -0.08 to 1.44; p= 0.083). Type of delivery (assisted) was affected by high-risk score card <2 (b=1.00; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.77; p= 0.011) and mother’s MUAC <23.5 cm (b=1.04; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.88; p= 0.015).Conclusion: Post partum bleeding was directly affected by birth space, antenatal visit, high risk score, type of delivery. High-risk score card was affected by birth space, family income, and antenatal visit. MUAC was affected by family income. Type of delivery (assisted) was affected by high-risk score card and mother’s MUAC.Keywords: postpartum hemorrhage, risk factorCorrespondence: Ratna Puspitasari. Masters Program in Public Helath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285791373311Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 177-187https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Path Analysis on the Effect of Birthweight, Maternal Education, Stimulation, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Nutritional Status on Motoric Development in Children Aged 6-24 Months in Banyumas District, Central Java
No full textBackground: The first two years of a child life is a critical period for his growth and development. Motor skill is one of the elements of children development. Having good control of motor skill helps children in exploring their surrounding also helps in improving development. The study aimed to explain the effect of birth weight, maternal education, provision of stimulation, and nutritional status toward the development of children under two years old.Subjects and Method: The method of the study was analytic observational, with retrospective cohort approach. The study was conducted in 4 sub-districts of Banyumas Regency included: Kembaran, Somagede, Cilongok and Sumpiuh. Cluster sampling was used as subject selection techniques and were classified based on low birth weight and non low birth weight (fixed exposure sampling). There were a total of 120 children whom 40 of them were born with Low Birth Weight and 80 of them with normal birth weight. Exogenous variables among others were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, stimulation provision. Endogeneous variables were nutritional status, and motor development. Data collection was conducted by using Early Detection Intervention Stimulation for Growth and Development (SDIDTK). Path analysis was used as the analysis technique.Result: Motor development was affected by nutritional status (b=0.12; SE= 0.04; p=0.006), frequency of stimulation (b=0.04; SE= 0.01; p=0.005), birth weight (b=0.33; SE=0.06; p<0.001), and maternal education (b=0.02; SE=0.07; p=0.719). Nutritional status was affected by exclusive breastfeeding (b =0.10, SE=0.15; p=0.507), maternal education (b=0.23; SE=0.13; p=0.078) and birth weight (b=0.38; SE=0.12; p=0.002).Conclusion: Motor development was affected by nutritional status, frequency of stimulation, birth weight, and maternal education. Nutritional status was affected by exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education and birth weight.Key words: birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, stimulation, maternal education, nutritional status, motor development.Correspondence: Inggar Ratna Kusuma. Fakultas Health Science of Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto Email : [email protected]. Mobile: 08562553967.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 64-75https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.0