Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
Not a member yet
403 research outputs found
Sort by
Analysis of Life-Course Factors Influencing Growth and Development in Children under 3 Years Old of Early Marriage Women in Kediri
Get PDFBackground: Children is the future pillar of our nation. As such, children need is important to be fulfilled. Physical, mental, and emotional conditions of mothers during gestation period play an important role in growth and development of children. This study aimed to determine life-course factors influencing growth and development in children under 3 years old of early marriage women.Subjects dan Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Sukorame and Campurejo Health Center, Kediri, East Java, on March, 2017. A sample of 120 children under 3 years old were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was child growth (weight for age) and development. The independent variables were marital age, maternal mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) during pregnancy, gestational age of birth delivery, family stimulation, maternal education, and family income. The data of child weight were measured by scales and recorded in maternal and child health book. The data of other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Child growth (weight for age) was affected by birthweight (b= 0.07; SE= 0.02; p< 0.001) and family income (b= 0.04; SE= 0.02; p= 0.07). Birthweight was affected by maternal education (b= 2.11; SE= 1.83; p= 0.248), gestational age of birth (b= 0.67; SE= 0.22; p= 0.002), maternal MUAC (b= 1.46; SE= 0.24; p= 0.002), and family income (b= 0.22; SE= 0.09, p= 0.012). Family income was affected by marital age (b= 0.68; SE= 0.073; p<0.001). Maternal MUAC during pregnancy was affected by marital age (b= 0.12, SE= 0.03, p<0.001). Maternal education was affected by marital age (b=0.01; SE=0.001; p= 0.002). Family stimulation was affected by family income (b= 0.75, SE= 0.26, p= 0.003). Child development was affected by marital age (b= 0.07, SE= 0.02, p= 0.001), family stimulation (b= 0.02; SE= 0.01; p<0.001), and birthweight (b<0.001; SE<0.001; p= 0.373).Conclusion: Child growth of under 3 years old (weight for age) is directly affected by birthweight and family income, and indirectly affected by some other factors. Child development is directly affected by marital age, family stimulation, and birthweight, and indirectly affected by some other factors.Keywords: life-course, growth, development, children under 3 years oldCorrespondence: Umianita Risca Wulandari. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285736404487.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 137-149https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
The Effect of Socio-Demographic and Obstetric Factors on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Tegal District, Central Java
No full textBackground: It is estimated that approximately 10 million children die every year worldwide. Forty five percent of those deaths are caused by malnutrition either directly or indirectly. Studies have shown that breastfeeding in the first hour can reduce neonatal death to 22%. However, breastfeeding practice in the first hour of life reaches only 43% of the newborns in the world. In South Asia, early initiation of breastfeeding is only 41% of the newborn, while in Indonesia it is only 34.5%. This study aimed to determine the effect of socio-demographic and obstetric factors on early initiation of breastfeeding in Tegal District, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted at 4 Community Health Centers (Puskesmas Pagiyanten, Puskesmas Pagerbarang, Puskesmas Bumijawa, Puskesmas Jatinegara) and Dr. Soeselo hospital, Tegal District, Central Java, from February to March 2017. A sample of 121 post partum mothers were selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was time from birth delivery to breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, maternal knowledge, family income, parity, antenatal care (ANC) visit, and health provider support. The data were collected by questionnaire and were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Early initiation of breastfeeding was positively affected by maternal education ≥ High School (OR=3.90; 95% CI=1.14-13.37; p=0.030), maternal work outside the house (OR=7.93; 95% CI=1.68 to 37.52; p=0.009), ANC ≥ 4 times (OR=3.48; 95% CI=0.82 to 14.81; p=0.092), and strong health provider support (OR=12.58; 95% CI=4.30 to 36.77; p<0.001)Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding is positively affected by maternal education ≥ High School, maternal work outside the house, ANC ≥ 4 times, and strong health provider support.Keywords: Socio demographic, obstetric factor, early initiation breastfeedingCorrespondence: Juhrotun Nisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285642905995. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 89-99https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Optimizing the Combination of Oxytocin Massage and Hypnobreastfeeding for Breast Milk Production among Post-Partum Mothers
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of post-partum blues both in Indonesia and abroad has been quite high; the stress that post-partum mothers experience will inhibit breast milk production and, as a result, breastfeeding process should be stopped earlier. Hypnobreastfeeding relaxation and oxytocin massage have been a combination of therapy that might decrease the rate of Adenocorticotropic Hormon (ACTH) and that might assist hormone and prolactin secrection in order that breast milk production becomes fluent. This study then aimed at analyzing the optimization of the combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding in order to decrease anxiety and to improve breast milk production among post-partum mothers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic experimental study with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. This study was conducted at Dr. Suradji Tirtonegoro Central General Hospital, Klaten, from January 25th, 2017 until March 9th, 2017. The population in this study was 200 post-partum mothers. A sample of 60 post-partum mothers was selected for this study and allocated into the intervention group (n1= 30) and the control group (n2= 30). The intervention group would be treated by the combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding. The dependent variables were anxiety and breast milk production. The independent variables were oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding. The anxiety was measured by STAI scale. The breast milk production process was measured by checklist questionnaire. The breast milk production amount was measured by milking cups. The breast milk production between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney.Results: The anxiety scale in the intervention group was better and lower than that of the control group. The differences in terms of anxiety scale between the intervention group (median= 24.00; SD= 4.45) and the control group (median= 34.00; SD= 6.93) were statistically significant (p<0.001). Then, the differences in terms of breast milk production process between the intervention group (median= 9.00; SD= 1.66) and the control group (median= 8.00; SD= 1.56) were nearly significant (p<0.145). Furthermore, the differences in terms of breast milk production amount between the intervention group (median= 10.00; SD= 10.36) and the control group (median= 4.50; SD= 4.21) were statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding can effectively decreasing anxiety and increasing breast milk production for post-partum mothers.Keywords: oxytocin massage, hypnobreastfeeding, breast milk production, post-partumCorrespondence: Lutfiana Puspita Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282221522374.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 1(1): 20-29https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.0
Effect of Soft Drink, Electronic Media Exposure, Family Income, Pocket Money, and Nutritional Status, on Age at Menarche Among Adolescents in Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Age at menarche has become earlier for the last 100 years. This situation poses worrying problem as it may be lead to an increased risk of premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, mental unpreparedness, and increased risk of malignant diseases such as ovarial cancer and breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the effect of soft drink, electronic media exposure, family income, pocket money, and nutritional status, on age at menarche among adolescents in Surakarta. Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from February to March, 2017. A sample of 100 female adolescents was selected by simple random sampling from several Junior High Schools in Surakarta. The exogenous variables were nutritional status, family income, and electronic media exposure. The endogenous variables were age at menarche, soft drink consumption, and pocket money. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Age at menarche was affected by electronic media exposure (b=-0.65; SE=0.25; p= 0.010), pocket money (b= -7.48; SE= 1.52, p<0.001), soft drink (b= -3.43; SE= 1.11; p=0.002), and nutritional status (b=-1.31; SE=-0.59; p=0.025). Nutritional status was affected by family income (b<0.01, SE<0.01, p=0.323) and pocket money (b=0.24; SE= 0.29; p=0.401). Electronic media exposure was affected by pocket money (b=0.69; SE=0.58; p=0.234). Soft drink was affected by pocket money (b=0.23; SE=0.13; p=0.074). Pocket money was affected by family income (b<0.01; SE<0.01; p<0.001).Conclusion: Age at menarche is directly affected by electronic media exposure, pocket money, soft drink, and nutritional status. Age at menarche is indirectly affected by family income, pocket money, and electronic media exposure.Keywords: path analysis, menarche, soft drink, reproduction healthCorrespondence: Mirzawati Latifah. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082218490968.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 54-63https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.0
Analysis of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Bondowoso District, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Data from Population Inter-Census Survey (Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus, SUPAS) 2015 showed that maternal mortality ratio was 305 per 100,000 live-births in Indonesia. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set 70 per 100,000 live-births as the target for maternal mortality ratio to be achived by 2030. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in Bondowoso district, East Java.Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out at 17 Community Health Centers, in Bondowoso, East Java from February to March 2017. A sample of 117 study subjects, consisting of 39 cases of maternal death and 78 control, was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of maternal death. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, antenatal care visit, complication, late model, and other pregnancy risk factors. The data were collected from the obstetric and medical record, as well as a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysisResults: Determinants of maternal death included late decision making (b=2.37; 95% CI=0.81 to3.93; p=0.003), late transfer to the hospital (b=2.35; 95%CI =-0.21to4.91; to p=0.072), late handling at the hospital (b=2.36; 95%CI=-0.19to 4.91; p=0.069), and complication (b=2.5; 95%CI=1.41to3.62; p<0.001). Complication was determined by completeness of antenatal visits (b=-1.01; 95%CI=-1.94to-0.09; p=0.032), and existence of pregnancy risk factor (b=1.90; 95%CI=1.01to 2.78; p=<0.001). Pregnancy risk factors was determined by completeness of antenatal visit (b=-1.09; 95%CI =-1.99to-0.19; p=0.018), maternal education (b=-0.47; 95%CI=-0.85to-0.07; p=0.020), and maternal employment status (b=0.14; 95%CI=-0.17to0.45; p=0.369). Antenatal visit was determined by maternal education (b=0.54; 95%CI=0.098to0.99; p=0.017) and maternal employment status (b=0.08; 95%CI=-0.29to0.45; p=0.683).Conclusion: The direct determinants of maternal death include late decision making, late transfer to the hospital, late handling at the hospital, and complication. The indirect determinants of maternal death include completeness of antenatal visits, existence of pregnancy risk factor, maternal education, and maternal employment status.Keywords: determinant, delay, complication, antenatal care, maternal death Correspondence: Ratna Diana Fransiska. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085778822668Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 76-88https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.0
Path Analysis: The Effect of Biopsychosocial and Environmental Exposure on Child Asthma in Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Asthma is a non-communicable disease with high morbidity in Indonesia.According to David Barker’s fetal origin hypothesis, biopsychosocial as well as environmental exposure during gestational period affect health outcome in later life. This study aimed to determine the effect of bio-psychosocial and environmental exposure factor on the risk of child asthma in Surakarta.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytical observational study with case control design.This study was conducted at the Center for Community Pulmonary Health (BBKPM), Surakarta. A total of 105 study subjects were selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 35 asthmatic patients and 70 healthy children aged 6-15 year old. The exogenous variables were maternal education, current child stress, indoor cigarette smoke exposure and maternal stress during gestational period, current family income, and current indoor cigarette smoke exposure. The endogenous variables were birth weight and child asthma. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Current child stress (b = 3.49; 95% CI = 1.18-5.81; p = 0.003), exposure to indoor cigarette smoke (b = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.07-5.80; p = 0.004), indoor air polution (b = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.60-4.27; p = 0.009), had positive, direct, and statistically significant effects on the risk of child asthma. Birth weight ≥2.500 gram (b = -2.01; 95% CI = -3.95 to -0.07; p = 0.041) had negative, direct, and statistically significant effect on the risk of child asthma. Maternal education had positive and statistically significant effect on family income (b=1.57; 95% CI=0.62 to 2.52; p= 0.001). Family income had negative and statistically significant effect on indoor air pollution (b= -2.48; 95% CI=-3.52 to -1.44; p= 0.001). Maternal stress at gestational period had negative and statistically significant effect on birth weight (b=-1.13; 95% CI= -2.18 to -0.08; p=0.035).Conclusion: In line with David Barker’s fetal origin hypothesis, this study supports that biopsychosocial as well as environmental factors have significant effects on child asthma.Keywords: bio-psychosocial, environmental exposure, asthma, children.Correspondence: Ayunita Dwi Hadianti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282314064445.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 62-72https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.0
The Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptives on Sexual Function among Women of Reproductive Age in Jombang District, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Sexuality is an important and inseparable part of a woman's life. Mood and sexual related side-effects are frequently expressed problems by women of reproductive age who use hormonal contraceptives. This study aimed to analyze the effect of combined oral contraceptives on sexual function among women of reproductive age in Jombang District, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 5 community health centers (Mojoagung, Mojowarno, Jogoloyo, Jelak Ombo and Perak), Jombang District, East Java, from February to March 2017. A sample 120 women of reproductive age who use combined oral contraceptives was selected for this study. The dependent variable was female sexual function. The independent variables were combined oral contraceptives use, age, parity, menstrual cycle, depression, and body mass index. The data on depression was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Body mass index was measured by anthropometry. Female sexual function was measured by female sexual function index. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Female sexual function was negatively influenced by age (b=-0.21; SE = 0.05; p<0.001), depression (b= -0.44; SE=0.12; p<0.001), body mass index (b=-0.16; SE= 0.09; p=0.063), and duration of oral contraceptive use (b=-0.20; SE=0.13; p=0.121). Depression was influenced by body mass index (b=0.14; SE=0.07; p=0.037), duration of oral contraceptive use (b=0.30; SE= 0.10; p=0.003), and age (b=0.09; SE=0.04; p=0.018). Body mass index was influenced by age (b= 0.10; SE=0.05; p=0.036), and duration of oral contraceptive use (b= 0.48, SE = 0.13; p<0.001). Menstrual cycle was influenced by duration of oral contraceptive use (b =-0.05, SE=0.13, p=0.007), age (b=-0.02; SE=0.01; p=0.002), and body mass index (b=-0.05; SE=0.11; p<0.001).Conclusion: Female sexual function is negatively influenced by age, depression, body mass index, and duration of oral contraceptive use.Keywords: bio-psychology factor, oral contraceptive, female sexual functionCorrespondence: Zeny Fatmawati. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +082230313559.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 100-112https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.0
Biopsychosocial Factors, Life Course Perspective, and Their Influences on Language Development in Children
Get PDFBackground: Speech and language disorder if untreated may cause deficiency in reading, verbal, psychosocial, behavioral, and academic abilities. Studies have shown that birthweight, body length at birth, maternal education, parenting style, maternal stress, income at pregnancy, and current income can influence child development. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial factors, life course perspective, and their influences on language development in children. Subject and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from February to May 2017. A sample of 140 children aged 2 to 5 years old were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling with 1:3 ratio between case (children with speech and language disorder) and control (children without such disorder). The dependent variable was child speech and language development. The independent variables were birthweight, body length at birth, maternal education, maternal stress, parenting style, family income at pregnancy, and current family income. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and medical record. The data on speech and language ability was measured by Denver II questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Language development was directly and positively affected by democratic parenting style (b=0.46; SE=0.08; p<0.001), permissive parenting style (b=0.10; SE=0.11; p=0.020), birthweight (b=0.12; SE=0.02; p=0.002), maternal education (b=0.11; SE=0.31; p=0.007), maternal stress (b=-0.13; SE=0.04; p=0.013). Language development directly and negatively affected by autoritarian parenting style (b=-0.37; SE=0.09; p<0.001). Language development was indirectly affected by body length at birth, family income at pregnancy, and current family income.Conclusion: Language development is directly affected by parenting style, birthweight, maternal education, maternal stress.Keywords: biopsychosocial, life course, language development, children 2 to 5 years old, path analysisCorrespondence: Latifah Safriana. School of Health Polytechnics Permata Indonesia, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile : +6282225246917.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 245-256https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.0
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Mental Disability in Ponorogo District, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Children with mental disability show below average intellectual abilities and social behavior adaptability. Living with a disabled child can have profound effects on the entire family–parents, siblings, and extended family members. Meeting the needs of children with disabilities can be challenging for schools and families. However, effective support for children’s mental health and wellbeing involves efforts to meet the social, emotional and learning needs of all children. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the occurrence of mental disability in children aged 6 to 15 years old.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was conducted in Ponorogo District, East Java, from March to April 2017. A sample of 150 children aged 6 to 15 years old, consisting of 50 children with mental disability and 100 children without mental disability, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The exogenous variables were prematurity, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal stress during pregnancy, hereditary history, family income, parental education, and environmental exposure. The endogenous variables were maternal nutritional status, low birthweight, and mental disability. The data were collected by a questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Mental disability was directly affected by maternal age (b= 2.52, 95% CI = 1.23 to 3.81, p<0.001), low birthweight (b= 2.32, 95% CI = 1.11 to 3.54, p<0.001), hereditary history (b= 2.54, 95% CI = 1.34 to 3.74, p<0.001). Mental disability was indirectly affected by maternal nutritional status, maternal stress, maternal education, family income, and environmental exposure.Conclusion: Maternal age, low birthweight, and hereditary history, directly affect mental disability. Maternal nutritional status, maternal stress, maternal education, family income, and environmental exposure, indirectly affect mental disability.Keywords: mental disability, children aged 6 to 15 years oldCorrespondence: Risye Endri Purwiyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085736575029.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 257-269https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.0
Effect of Play Group and Biopsychosocial Factors on the Independence Development of Preschool Children in Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: The development of children's independence is important for their future competitiveness in the rapidly increasing social changes. Disturbance in the development of children’s independence may have a negative future impact in adult life and children become dependent individuals. Efforts are needed to help children develop optimally. Some play groups have been introduced to meet this need in Surakarta, but no studies have been carried out to evaluate its effectiveness. This study aimed to determine the effect of play group on the independence development of preschool children while controlling for the effect of biopsychosocial factors .Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was conducted at 3 kindergartens in Surakarta, Central Java, from February to April 2017. A sample of 120 kindergarten pupils were selected for this study by purposive sampling and random sampling. The dependent variable was independence development. The independent variables were play group participation status, parenting style (autoritarian, democratic, and permissive), parental education, and child age. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Maternal education ≥Senior High School (b= 8.77; 95% CI= 1.89 to 15.65; p= 0.012), paternal education ≥Senior High School (b= 9.82; 95% CI = 2.70 to 16.93; p= 0.007), child age ≥5 years old (b= 5.59; 95% CI = 1.50 to 9.68; p= 0.007), participation in play group (b= 9.45; 95% CI = 2.19 to 16.71; p= 0.011), and democratic parenting style (b= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.23; p= 0.018) increased child independence. Autoritarian parenting style (b= -0.15; 95% CI= -0.26 to -0.04; p= 0.006) and permissive parenting style (b= -0.09; 95% CI= -0.20 to 0.01; p= 0.092) decreased child independence. Participation in play group was determined by democratic parenting style (b= 0.01; 95% CI -<0.01 to 0.03; p= 0.080), permissive parenting style (b= -0.03; 95% CI -0.05 to <0.01; p= 0.027), paternal education ≥Senior High School (b= 2.06; 95% CI= 0.88 to 3.24; p= 0.001), and child age ≥5 years old (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.63 to 2.21; p <0.001).Conclusion: Maternal education ≥Senior High School, paternal education ≥Senior High School, child age ≥5 years old, participation in play group, and democratic parenting style, positively and directly affect child independence. Autoritarian parenting style and permissive parenting style negatively and directly affect child independence.Keywords: play group, parenting style, biopsychosocial factor, independence, development, preschool childrenCorrespondence: Iin Tri Marlinawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285600252256Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 284-296https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.0