Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Prevalence and Determinants of Postpartum Depression in Sukoharjo District, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: After delivery of psychological disorder otherwise appropriately and immediately handled may lead to postpartum depression (PPD). PPD has a serious impact on mothers that manifests as lower quality of life and inability to care of themselves, their partner, and infants. There is a lack of studies on PPD in Indonesia. Its prevalence and determinants are not well-understood. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and the determinants of PPD in Sukoharjo, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at community health centers in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 200 postpartum mothers was selected for this study using cluster random sampling, with a community health center as the cluster. The dependent variable was PPD. The independent variables were maternal age, parity, labor complication, maternal education, self-efficacy, family income, coping strategy, unwanted pregnancy, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: PPD prevalence in Sukoharjo, Central Java, was 18.5%. The risk of PPD increased with labor complication (b= 3.14, SE= 0.45, p<0.001), unwanted pregnancy (b= 1.54, SE= 0.45, p<0.001), and low family income (b= -0.05, SE= 0.01, p<0.001). The risk of PPD decreased with age (b= -0.07, SE= 0.03, p= 0.028), stronger self-efficacy (b= -0.55, SE= 0.09, p<0.001), and improved coping strategy (b= -0.56, SE= 0.03, p= 0.064). PPD was indirectly affected by younger age, parity, weaker family support, lower family income, coping strategy, and maternal education.Conclusion: PPD prevalence is 18.5% in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The risk of PPD increases with labor complication, unwanted pregnancy, and low family income, but decreases with age, stronger self-efficacy, and improved coping strategy.Keyword: prevalence, postpartum depression, determinant, path analysisCorrespondence: Ryanwati Putriarsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281393085790Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 395-408https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.03.01.02
What are the Factors that Affect the Risk of Parenting Stress in Mothers with Disability Children? A New Evidence from Sukoharjo, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Mothers play an important role in the care of children with physical and psychological disabilities. However, the role of caring children with disabilities can cause stress for the mother. Parenting stress can lead to anxiety, emotional instability, and avoidance of the environment in mother. This, in turn, may deteriorate the quality of family life. As a result, children with disabilities may experience development and growth disorders. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the parenting stress in the caring of children with disability in Sukoharjo District, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Sanggar Inklusi, Sukoharjo, Central Java, from February to March 2018. A sample of 163 mothers with disabled children was selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was parenting stress. The independent variables were adversity intelligence, disability level, maternal education, maternal employment status, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of maternal parenting stress increased with children disability (b= 4.64, SE= 1.72, p= 0.07) and mothers working outside the house (b= 1.68, SE= 0.93, p= 0.069). The risk of maternal parenting stress decreased with high adversity intelligence (b= -0.28, SE= 0.12, p= 0.016), high maternal education (b= -8.50, SE= 0.86, p< 0.001), high family income (b= -0.28, SE= 0.16, p= 0.078), and strong family support (b= -0.22, SE= 0.08, p= 0.007).Conclusion: The risk of maternal parenting stress increases with high children disability and maternal employment status, but decreases with high adversity intelligence, high maternal education, high family income, and strong family support.Keywords: parenting stress, children, disabilityCorrespondence
Maternal Role in Guiding Social Communication to Autistic Children as a Quality of Life Determinant
Get PDFBackground: Autism spectrum disorder is a type of neural development disorder. It is characterized by deficit in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior pattern. It is assumed that maternal role in child education is more dominant than paternal role, because children are closer to their mothers since birth. It is also assumed that the quality of life of autistic children would improve if there is improvement in their social communication and social interaction. This study aimed to examine the maternal role in guiding social communication to autistic children as a determinant of child quality of life.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted in public special school in Tangerang District, West Java, from October to December 2017. Informants for this study included 5 mothers of autistic children and 3 teachers-therapists at the public special school. The constructs under study included maternal role in guiding social communication and social interaction in autistic children. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Huberman method.Results: Mothers had an important role in observing various child behaviors, seeking advice from expert, determining child development need, exploring child sensory-dietary-medical need at home. Other maternal roles included admitting children to primary school or special school that was suitable for child potential development and involving children in simple daily activities at home. The maternal role in guiding social communication was considerably good including communication therapy at home using audio visual aids, stimulating oral motoric skill, providing social interaction therapy by story telling, teaching socialization to children by familiarizing them to greet and handshake with others, and letting them to play with other children. The maternal role in improving quality of life was sufficiently good, so that each child was able to develop their communication and interaction skills with variying levels of improvement. Conclusion: Maternal role in guiding social communication in autistic children is sufficiently good although there is a need to improve its implementation in order to gain improved quality of life. It is adviseable for mothers to carry on guiding program at home so as to develop child potentials and to reduce their weak aspects.Keywords: maternal role, guiding, communication, quality of life, autistic childrenCorrespondence: Tri Utami. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 089654975813.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 25-32https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.03
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Postpartum Haemorrhage in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Postpartum haemorrhage is the primary cause of maternal mortality worldwide. However, studies in Indonesia examining factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage are sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from May 2017 to May 2018. A total sample of 200 postpartum mothers was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was postpartum haemorrhage. The independent variables were age, parity, birth space, anaemia, antenatal care, obstetrics history, education, and self-efficacy. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis on Stata 13.Results:Postpartum haemorrhagewas positively and diretlyassociated with poor obstetric history(b=0.87; 95%CI=-0.03 to 1.79; p=0.059), older age (b=1.86; 95%CI=0.81 to 2.92; p= 0.001), multiparity(b= 1.62; 95%CI=0.08 to 3.15; p=0.038), anemia (b=1.74; 95%CI= 0.83 to 2.66; p<0.001), and narrow birth space (b=-2.51; 95%CI=-3.56 to -1.47; p<0.001). Postpartum haemorrhage was indirectly associated with antenatal care, education, and self-efficacy.Conclusion: Postpartum haemorrhageis positively associated with poor obstetric history, older age, multiparity, anemia, and narrow birth space. Postpartum haemorrhage is indirectly associated with antenatal care, education, and self-efficacyKeywords: postpartum haemorrhage, determinant, path analysisCorrespondence
Determinants of Women
Get PDFBackground: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective methods of birth control. LARCs include the copper IUD, the hormonal (progesterone) IUD, and th
Determinants of Stunting and Child Development in Jombang District
Get PDFBackground: Stunting is a very short body state in children that goes beyond the 2 SD deficit below the child population height. Worldwide stunting affects about 162 million children under five. Indonesia is included in 17 countries that have three nutritional problems in children under five: stunting, wasting, and overweight. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of stunting and child development in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Mayangan and Jarak Kulon Community Health Centers, Jombang, East Java, in Januari 2018. A total sample of 58 children were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variables were stunting and child development. The independent variables were birth-length, maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire. Data on birth length was taken from maternal and child record at community health center. The data were analyzed by path analysis model.Results: The likelihood of good child development increased with maternal education (b= 1.08; 95% CI= 0.41 to 1.75; p= 0.001) and decreased with stunting (b= -0.78; 95% CI= -1.46 to -0.10; p=0.025). The risk of stunting decreased with birth-length (b= -0.90; 95% CI= -1.60 to -0.21; p=0.011) and maternal height (b=-0.92; 95% CI= -1.69 to -0.16; p=0.018). The risk of stunting increased with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy (b= 0.73; 95% CI= -0.03 to 1.46; p=0.051). The likelihood of maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy decreased with higher education (b=-0.75; 95% CI= -1.44 to -0.06; p=0.033). Birth-length increased with maternal height (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.28 to 1.86; p= 0.008) and higher family income (b=0.93; 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.57; p=0.004). Birth-length decreased with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy (b=-0.74; 95% CI= -1.48 to -0.01; p=0.047).Conclusion: The likelihood of good child development increases with maternal education and decreases with stunting. The risk of stunting decreases with birth-length and maternal height, and increases with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy.Keywords: child development, stunting, birth-length, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, and family incomeCorrespondence: Vivin Eka Rahmawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Univesitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 68-80https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.0
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Unwanted Pregnancy Among Adolescents in Madiun, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Unintended pregnancy is a worldwide problem that affects women, their families, and society. Unintended pregnancy can result from early marriage, contraceptive failure, non-use of contraceptive services, and, less commonly, rape. Consequences of unintended pregnancy includ
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Postpartum depression is one of the emotional disturbances that results from failure to postpartum psychological adaptation process. The global prevalence of postpartum depression is 10-15%. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of pregnancy on the incidence of postpartum depression.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 150 postpartum mothers was selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was postpartum depression (PPD). The independent variables were maternal age, stress, parity, unwanted pregnancy, type of labor, family income, family support, and domestic violence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Postpartum depression was directly and positively affected by psychological stress (b= 2.15; 95% CI= 1.17 to 3.13; p<0.001), delivery type (b= 1.27; 95% CI= 0.32 to 2.21; p= 0.008), and unwanted pregnancy (b= 1.57; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.58; p= 0.002). Postpartum depression was directly but negatively affected by family income (b= -1.52; 95% CI= -2.51 to -0.54; p= 0.002), parity (b= -1.24; 95% CI= -2.21 to -0.28; p= 0.011), and family support (b= -1.31; 95% CI= -3.28 to -0.24; p= 0.016). Psychological stress increased with domestic violence (b= 2.68; 95% CI= 0.64 to 4.73; p= 0.010) and decreased with maternal age (b= -0.91; 95% CI= -1.68 to -0.13; p= 0.022). Parity increased with maternal age (b= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.79 to 2.53; p<0.001). Domestic violence decreased with maternal age (b= -1.34; 95% CI= -2.85 to 0.16; p= 0.081).Conslusion: Psychological stress, delivery type, unwanted pregnancy, family income, parity, and family support, are direct risk factors for postpartum depression.Keywords: Postpartum depression, unwanted pregnancy, domestic violence, family supportCorrespondence: Matilda Bupu Ria. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile +6281241254153.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 81-90https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.0
Biopsychosocial and Economic Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Jambi, South Sumatera: Path Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main risk factors of neonatal mortality and morbidity. It is an important public health issue particularly in developing countries. Worldwide, LBW shares around 15-20% of birth outcome. In Indonesia, LBW shares about 10.2% of birth outcome. In theory, the risk factors of LBW include not only biological aspect but also psychosocial and economic aspects. This study sought to estimate the biopsychosocial and economic determinants of LBW in Jambi, South Sumatera, using path analysis approach.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case-control design. The study was carried out at 20 community health centers in Jambi, South Sumatera, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 200 newborn infants consisting of 50 LBW and 150 normal birth weight newborn infants were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was birth weight. The independent variables were gestational age, infant sex, maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal gestational stress, maternal education, family income at gestational period, and sanitation. Data on birth weight and MUAC were taken from obstetric record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of LBW directly decreased with gestational age ≥37 weeks (b= -5.06; 95% CI= -6.49 to -3.62; p<0.001), male sex (b= -0.99; 95% CI= -2.12 to -0.12; p= 0.081), low maternal stress (b= -2.35; 95% CI= 14.01 to -0.70; p= 0.005), and good sanitation (b= -1.04; 95% CI= -2.13 to -0.05; p= 0.062). Gestational age increased with family income (b= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.96 to 2.52; p<0.001). Low maternal stress was positively affected by high family income (b= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.197 to 2.50; p= 0.022). Good sanitation was positively affected by high family income (b= 0.71; 95% CI= 0.01 to 1.41; p= 0.046). High family income was positively affected by high education level (b= 1.37; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.18; p= 0.001)Conclusion: The risk of LBW directly decreases with gestational age ≥37 weeks, male sex, low maternal stress, and good sanitation. LBW is indirectly affected by maternal education and family income.Keywords: biopsychosocial, economic, determinant, LBWCorrespondence: Iga Trisnawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Uiversitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282377277992Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 385-394https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.03.01.01
The Biopsychosocial Determinants of Stunting and Wasting in Children Aged 12-48 Months
Get PDFBackground: Stunting and wasting are a growth disorder in children under five years of age caused by malnutrition. Stunting is generally caused by recurrent acute malnutrition, whereas wasting occurs due to short-term malnutrition. If untreated properly, stunting and wasting may cause low intelligence in adult life. This study aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial determinants of stunting and wasting in children aged 12-48 months.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Mulya Asri, Panaragan, and Dayamurni community health centers, from January to February 2018. A sample of 150 children under-five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variables were stunting and wasting. The independent variables were birthweight, maternal knowledge, maternal education, maternal nutritional status (mid-upper arm circumference/ MUAC), exclusive breastfeeding, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, lack of clean water, poor sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire and maternal and child health monitoring book. The data were analyzed by a logistic regression.Results: The risk of stunting increased with poor maternal knowledge (OR= 5.29; 95% CI= 1.30 to 21.54; p=0.002), low maternal education (OR=10.25; 95%CI= 2.26 to 46.79; p=0.003), poor maternal nutritional status (OR= 8.87; 95% CI= 2.14 to 36.74; p=0.003), low birthweight rendah (OR= 9.86; 95% CI= 2.60 to 37.47; p=0.001), infants receiveing no exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 5.70; 95% CI= 1.59 to 20.46; p=0.008). The risk of wasting increased with poor knowledge (OR= 10.95; 95% CI= 2.14 to 56.91; p= 0.004), low family income (OR= 7.04; 95% CI= 5.51 to 32.78; p=0.013), low birthweight (OR= 14.71; 95% CI= 2.74 to 79.06; p=0.002), URTI history (OR= 4.87; 95% CI= 1.23 to 19.38; p=0.024), diarrhea (OR= 6.09; 95% CI= 1.42 to 26.20; p=0.015), a lack of clean water (OR= 9.78; 95% CI= 2.26 to 42.36; p=0.002), and poor sanitation (OR= 7.67; 95% CI= 1.85 to 31.75; p=0.004).Conclusion: Stunting and wasting are affected by birthweight, URTI history, diarrhea, maternal nutritional status, maternal knowledge, maternal education, family income, lack of clean water, and poor sanitation.Keywords: stunting, wasting, biopsychosocial, determinantsCorrespondence: Ria Muji R, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285878731600Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 105-118https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.0