Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Effect of Family Hope Program on Maternal Health Behavior and Children Under Five Nutritional Status in Poor Families, Jombang, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Family Hope Program, or internationally referred to as Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), is a government poverty allevation initiative by provision of conditional cash money that induces healthy behavior so as to achieve strong generation. This study sought to examine the effect of Family Hope Program on maternal health behavior and children under five nutritional status in poor families, Jombang, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Jombang District, East Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 210 mothers and their children under five were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variables were maternal health behavior and child nutritional status. The independent variables were birthweight, history of illness, maternal education, family income, family support, government Family Hope Program, and access to health service. The data were collected by maternal and child book record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The likelihood of good nutritional status of children under five increased with good nutritional intake (b= 1.9; 95% CI= 1.1 to 2.8; p <0.001), normal birthweight (b= 2.5; 95% CI= 0.9 to 4.1; p= 0.002), rare frequency of illness (b= 1.3; 95% CI= 0.5 to 2.1; p= 0.001), and strong family support (b= 1.5; 95% CI= 0.6 to 2.3; p<0.001). The likelihood of maternal healthy behavior increased with Family Hope Program (b= 4.1; 95% CI= 3.1 to 5.0; p <0.001) and higher maternal education (b= 1.9; 95% CI= 0.9 to 2.8; p<0.001). Good nutritional intake increased with maternal healthy behavior (b= 0.4; 95% CI= - 0.04 to 0.85; p = 0.074) and strong family support (b= 0.6; 95% CI = 0.2 to 1.1; p= 0.004).Conclusion: The likelihood of good nutritional status of children under five increases with good nutritional intake, normal birthweight, no history of illness over the past three months, and strong family support. Family Hope Program induces maternal health behavior, increases child nutritional intake, and eventually improves child nutritional status.Keywords: child nutritional status, maternal health behavior, Family Hope ProgramCorrespondence: Sintya Rosalina. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile 085732761747.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 33-43https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.0
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Preterm Birth at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Preterm birth has been defined asgestational age of birth between 28 and 37 weeks. Prematurity is a major public health issue as studies have shown it increases the risk of mortality and morbidity of the newborns. The purpose of this study was to examine biopsychosocial factors associated with preterm birth.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational with a case control design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from April to May 2018. A total sample of 200 of the newborn infants was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, composing of 100 preterm newborns and 100 term newborns. The dependent variable was prematurity. The independent variables were maternal age, nutritional status, parity, ambient smoke exposure, maternal education, family income, and family support. The data on prematurity was obtained from medical record. The other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Preterm birth was positively associated with maternal age <20 or ?35 years (b= 1.58; CI 95%= 0.65 to 2.50; p<0.001), ambient smoke exposure (b= 1.42; CI 95%= 0.41 to 2.44; p=0.006), and parity (b= 1.77; CI 95%= 0.87 to 2.67; p<0.001). Preterm birth was negatively associated with good maternal nutritional status (b
Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Overweight among Children Under Five in Kediri, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Child overweight and obesity are an important public health issue worldwide. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine factors associated with overweight among children under five in Kediri, East Java, using a multilevel analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted at 25 posyandus (integrated family health posts) in Kediri, East Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 200 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling. Posyandu was selected by stratified random sampling. Children were located at level 1 and posyandu at level 2 in the multilevel analysis model. The dependent variable was overweight. The independent variables were maternal body mass index (BMI), exclusive breastfeeding, calorie intake, feeding pattern, and nutritional status monitoring. Overweight status was measured by weight for height z-score. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression model run in Stata 13.Results: Maternal BMI ?25 (b= 0.72; 95% CI= -0.98 to 1.54; p= 0.085) and calorie intake exceeding the recommended allowance (b= 1.45; 95% CI= 0.59 to 2.31; p= 0.001) increased the risk of overweight in children under five. Good feeding pattern (b= -1.11; 95% CI= -2.15 to -0.08; p= 0.034), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -0.97; 95% CI= -1.98 to 0.02; p= 0.057), and regular nutritional status monitoring (b= -4.34; 95% CI= -6.42 to -2.21; p<0.001) decreased the risk of overweight. Posyandu showed negligible contextual effect on the incidence of child overweight with ICC= 0.98%.Conclusion: Maternal BMI ?25 and calorie intake exceeding the recommended allowance increase the risk of overweight in children under five. Good feeding pattern, exclusive breastfeeding, and regular nutritional status monitoring decrease the risk of overweight in children under five. Posyandu has a negligible contextual effect on child overweight.Keywords: overweight, children under five, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal body mass index, multilevel analysisCorrespondence
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Anxiety and Delivery Pain
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety and pain are physiologic symptoms experienced by mothers during birth delivery. However, if these symptoms are not well-managed they can cause low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, and postpartum depression. This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial factors associated with anxiety and delivery pain.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Gajahan community health center, Surakarta Hospital, and Muhammadiyah Hospital, Delanggu, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 166 delivery mothers were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were anxiety and delivery pain. The independent variables were parity, psychological stress, coping mechanism, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire. Anxiety was measured by modified Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionaire (PRAQ_R). The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Delivery pain increased with higher anxiety (b= 0.30, SE= 0.02, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with higher delivery pain (b = -1.19, SE= 0.02, p<0.001) and increased with higher stress (b = 0.92, SE= 0.09, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with coping mechanism (b = -0.31, SE = 0.08, p<0.001) and parity (b= -0.86, SE= 0.37, p<0.001). Stress decreased with better coping mechanism (b= -0.48, SE= 0.08, p<0.001), higher family income (b = -0.16, SE = 0.04, p<0.001), parity (b= -2.13, SE= 0.36, p<0.001), and stronger family support (b = -0.22, SE = 0.06, p=0.007). Coping mechanism increased with parity (b = 1.39, SE = 0.33, p<0.001) and strong family support (b= 0.46, SE= 0.06, p<0.001).Conclusion: Delivery pain increases with higher anxiety. Anxiety associated with delivery pain, stress, and coping mechanism.Keywords: delivery pain, anxiety, psychosocial, family income, parity, coping mechanism, stressCorrespondence: Shofia Maharani Khoirun Nisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285736382926Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 44-58https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.0
The Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Anxiety and Depression in Kudus, Central Java
Get PDF Background: Anxiety and depression in pregnancy can lead to low fetal quality, increased risk of pregnancy complication and developmental disorder of the child. Antidepressant treatment may cause recurrence or addiction rate of up to 50%. In theory, yoga can relieve undesirable psychic symptoms such as anxiety and depression during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety and depression.Subjects and Method: This study was a randomized controlled trial, conducted at Budi Luhur clinic in Kudus, Central Java, from 27 December 2017 to 7 February 2018. A total of 102 pregnant women was selected for this study by simple random sampling. This sample was allocated at random into the intervention group (n1=51) and control group (n2=51). The independent variable was prenatal yoga as the intervention under study. The dependent variables were anxiety and depression. The data were collected by questionnaire. The difference in the dependent variables between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean level of anxiety was lower in the intervention group than the control group both at two weeks after the intervention (b= -9.25; 95% CI= -10.22 to -8.28; p< 0.001) and four weeks after the intervention (b= -5.79; 95% CI= -7.68 to -3.90; p< 0.001). The mean level of depression was lower in the intervention group than the control group both at two weeks after the intervention (b= -10.82; 95% CI= -12.29 to -9.35; p< 0.001) and four weeks after the intervention (b= -2.58; 95% CI= -3.98 to -1.18; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Prenatal yoga intervention can reduce anxiety and depression during pregnancy.Keywords: prenatal yoga, anxiety, depressionCorrespondence: Ika Yulianti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628115440036.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 100-104https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.02
Menopause and Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Women in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Women spend a third of life during menopause. The number of women entering menopause worldwide is estimated at 25 million annually. Women of menopausal age have decreased estrogen hormone which can decrease the quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial factors and menopause affecting the women's quality of life.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 women was selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were self-efficacy, healthy behavior, menopause, and social support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Wome
Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding at Gunung Anyar Community Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding is provision of breast milk for infants from 0 to 6 months of age with no additional food or drink intake. Provision of medicine, vitamin, and mineral is allowable during the period of exclusive breastfeeding. There is a lack of studies examining factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Surabaya using multilevel analysis. This study aimed to examine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Surabaya using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was carried out at Gunung Anyar community health center (puskesmas), Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 25 puskesmas was selected by stratified random sampling, covering both accredited and non-accredited puskesmas. A total of 8 lactating mothers from each puskesmas were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were subjective norm, leisure time for breastfeeding, attitude, husband support, family support, and health personnel support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was positively affected by positive subjective norm (b=4.31; 95% CI= 1.63 to 6.99; p=0.002), leisure time for breastfeeding (b=3.97; 95% CI= 1.12 to 6.81; p=0.006), positive attitude (b=3.01; 95% CI= 0.57 to 5.45; p=0.016), strong husband support (b=2.39; 95% CI= 0.29 to 4.51; p=0.026), strong family support (b=2.71; 95% CI= 0.46 to 4.97; p=0.018), and strong health personnel support (b=4.13; 95% CI= 1.28 to 6.99; p=0.005). Posyandu showed strong contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 69.47%.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is positively affected by positive subjective norm, leisure time for breastfeeding, positive attitude, strong husband support, strong family support, and strong health personnel support.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, subjective norm, attitude, husband support, health personnel supportCorrespondence
Socioeconomics Factors Associated with the Utilization of Primary Health Services of Mothers and Children at Nunukan District, North Kalimantan
Get PDFBackground: One of the main health development agenda in Indonesia 2015 to 2019 is reduction in maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate, and improve access and quality of maternal and child health services. However, variance in socioeconomics status between individual and between rural-urban have caused to difference in utilization of health service. This study aimed to analyze socioeconomics factors associated with the utilization of primary health services of mothers and children at Nunukan District, North Kalimantan.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at six community health centers in Nunukan, North Kalimantan, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 208 mothers was collected using multistage random sampling. The dependent variables were antenatal care (ANC) service, place of birth delivery, and basic immunization. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, family income, family welfare, and residence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Utilization of ANC increased with better family welfare (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.34 to 2.49; p=0.010). Use of basic immunization increased with higher maternal education (b= 0.71; 95% CI= 0.06 to 1.35; p= 0.032). Place of birth delivery at formal health facility increased with living in urban area (b= 3.2; 95% CI= 1.97 to 4.44; p <0.001), maternal employment (b= 2.34; 95% CI= 0.77 to 3.91; p=0.003), and regular ANC (b=1.04; 95% CI= -0.10 to 2.18; p=0.074). Family income increased with higher maternal education level (b= 1.21; 95% CI= 0.50 to 1.92; p= 0.001) and maternal employment (b= 2.54; 95% CI= 1.67 to 3.41; p <0.001). Family welfare increased with living in urban area (b= 1.4; 95% CI= 0.09 to 2.68; p=0.035) and higher family income (b=2.5; 95% CI= 0.44 to 4.54; p= 0.017). Maternal employment status increased with higher maternal education level (b= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.63 to 3.26; p <0.001).Conclusion: Utilization of ANC directly increases with better family welfare. Utilization of basic immunization increases with higher maternal education. Place of birth delivery at formal health facility increases with living in urban area, maternal employment, and regular ANC.Keyword: social economics factors, ANC, place of birth delivery, basic immunization, mother, children Correspondence: Yunita Kristiani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085393313553.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 371-384https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.0
Associations of Self-efficacy, Family Support, Peer Support, and Posyandu Facility, with Mother
Get PDFBackground: Integrated service delivery has been defined a
Factors Associated with the Risk of Autism in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Path Analysis Evidence from Banten
Get PDFBackground: Autism, now increasingly referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of clinical phenotypes mirroring an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social communication, imagination, and behavior. Children with ASD develop differently from other children. They also have challenges in interacting and communicating with others. These challenges can affect their development and learning. This study aimed to determine factors associated with the risk of autism in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study carried out at two special schools for children with development problem in Tangerang, Banten, from February to March 2018. A sample of 200 children aged 1-5 years was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 children with autism and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was autism. The independent variables were family income, maternal education, maternal age, gestational stress, chemical exposure, nutritional intake, fever at pregnancy, growth and development impairment, and mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Data on immunization status, growth and development were taken from medical record. Data on the other variables were collected by questionnaire.The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of autism increased with chemical exposure (b= 2.86; 95%CI= 0.77 to 4.96; p= 0.007), gestational stress (b= 2.45; 95% CI= 0.60 to 4.30; p= 0.010), growth and development impairment (b= 1.69; 95% CI= -0.24 to 3.61; p= 0.086), and maternal age ?35 years (b= 2.82; 95% CI= 0.73 to 4.92; p= 0.008). Autism decreased with good nutritional intake (b= -2.08; 95%CI= -3.88 to -0.28; p= 0.023). The risk of autism was indirectly affected by fever at pregnancy, chemical exposure, family income, and maternal education. MMR vaccine did not affect the incidence of autism (b= 1.12; 95% CI= -2.11 to 4.36; p= 0.500).Conclusion: The risk of autism increases with chemical exposure, gestational stress, growth and development impairment, maternal age ?35 years, and decreases with good nutritional intake. MMR vaccine does not affect the incidence of autism in children.Keywords: autism, chemical exposure, growth and development impairment, MMR vaccine, children under fiveCorrespondence