Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
Not a member yet
403 research outputs found
Sort by
Life Course Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Path Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Worldwide, in 2014, 23.8% of the children under-five years of age were stunted following the WHO definition, 7.5% were wasted but 6.1% had overweight or were obese. Developing countries host the bulk of the global stunting and child mortality rate. This study aimed to examine life course factors associated with stunting in children aged 2-5 years, using path analysis model.Subjek dan Metode: A case control study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, from October to November 2018. A sample of 200 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, birth weight, birth length, infection disease, and clean water supply and sanitation. Data on maternal height was measured by microtoise. The other data were collected by maternal and child health book and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Stunting directly decreased with maternal MUAC (b= 2.47; 95% CI= 0.33 to 2.86; p= 0.013), maternal height (b=3.10; 95% CI= 0.79 to 3.54; p= 0.002), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 4.78; 95% CI= 2.05 to 4.91; p<0.001), complementary feeding (b= 2.35; 95% CI= 0.25 to 2.83; p= 0.019), normal birth weight (b= 3.64; 95% CI= 1.26 to 4.21; p<0.001), normal birth length (b= 4.10; 95% CI= 1.63 to 4.62; p<0.001), no infection disease (b= 3.28; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.47; p= 0.001), and clean water supply (b= 2.99; 95% CI= 0.72 to 3.49; p<0.001). Stunting indirectly affected with infection disease and birth weight.Conclusion: Stunting directly decreases with maternal MUAC, maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, normal birth weight, normal birth length, no infection disease, and clean water supply. Stunting indirectly affects with infection disease and birth weight.Keywords: stunting, determinants, path analysisCorrespondence: Ayu Rosita Dewi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285856852680.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 358-367https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.0
Religious Belief, Social Support, and the Acceptance of Intrauterine Device Among Women of Reproductive Age in Klaten, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia is one of the developing countries with complex population problems. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, the current population in Indonesia in 2016 reached 258,704,986 people. One of the government's efforts to reduce population growth is Family Planning (KB) program. This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic determinants, social norm, religion on the use of IUD contraceptive among women in Klaten, Central Java, using Theory of Planned Behavior. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 25 community health centers in Klaten, Central Java, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was collected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the use of IUD. The independent variables were education, husband support, health personnel support, employment, income, social norm, religion, intention, attitude, perceived behavior control. The data were measured by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression.Result: The use of IUD was positively influenced by higher education (b= 1.40; 95% CI= 0.12 to 2.78; p= 0.047), strong husband support (b= 1.57; 95% CI= 0.12 to 3.03; p= 0.034), strong health personnel support (b= 1.70; 95% CI= 0.14 to 3.26; p= 0.033), employed (b= 1.50; 95% CI= 0.17 to 2.99; p= 0.047), high income (b= 2.14; 95% CI= 0.36 to 3.92; p= 0.018), supportive social norm (b= 1.50; 95% CI= 0.49 to 2.95; p= 0.043), supportive religion (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.12 to 2.84; p= 0.048), intention (b= 1.75; 95% CI= 0.15 to 3.35; p= 0.032), positive attitude (b= 2.16; 95% CI= 0.45 to 3.86; p= 0.013), and perceived behavior control (b= 1.57; 95% CI= 0.29 to 3.11; p= 0.046). Community health center had a contextual effect on the use of IUD contraception with ICC= 10.6%.Conclusion: The use of IUD is positively influenced by higher education, strong husband support, strong health personnel support, employed, high income, supportive social norm, supportive religion, intention, positive attitude, and perceived behavior control. The community health center has a contextual effect on the use of IUD contraception.Keywords: IUD contraceptive, utilization, community health center, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Veronica Fenny Wijaya. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(3): 201-211https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.03.0
Path Analysis on the Associations between Infertility, Stress, and Depression among Women in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: In patriarchal societies like Indonesia, infertility is culturally considered as a problem of women. Most of the burden of infertility is borne by women because of a rapid decline in fertility with age, societal pressure and stigma. Infertility can affect psychological disorders such as stress and depression. This study aimed to examine the associations between infertility, stress, and depression among women in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. It was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from September to October 2018. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was depression. The independent variables were social support, coping strategy, self-efficacy, infertility, and stress. Data on infertility was obtained from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The likelihood of depression among women was directly increased by stress (b= 2.09; 95% CI= 1.31 to 2.87; p<0.001) but decreased by good coping strategy (b= -1.57; 95% CI = -2.34 to -0.80; p <0.001). It was indirectly affected by infertility, self-efficacy, and social support. Conclusions: Depression is directly increased by stress but decreased by good coping strategy. It is indirectly affected by infertility, self-efficacy, and social support.Keywords: depression, stress, infertility, path analysis, women of reproductive ageCorrespondence: Yesi Retiyansa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:[email protected]. Mobile: +6281252634625.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(4): 260-266https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.04.05
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Severe Preeclampsia in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that occurs at gestational age >20 weeks. It is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Shortly, severe preeclampsia may develop into eclampsia accompanied by seizures or coma. This study aimed to examine the determinants of severe preeclampsia in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Gajahan health center, Dr. Moewardi hospital, and Surakarta hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from October 2018 to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was severe preeclampsia. The independent variables were age, education, stress, parity, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), ANC visit, and family history of hypertension. Data on preeclampsia were obtained from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Severe preeclampsia was directly and positively associated with age <20 or ≥35 years (b= 1.23; 95% CI= 0.31 to 2.14; p= 0.008), history of hypertension (b= 1.54; 95% CI= 0.58 to 2.51; p= 0.002), history of DM (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.21 to 2.03; p= 0.016), and stress (b= 1.58; 95% CI = 0.60 to 2.56; p = 0.002). It was negatively associated with parity (b= -0.96; 95% CI= -1.90 to - 0.01; p = 0.046) and ANC visit (b= - 1.98; 95% CI= -2.91 to - 1.05; p<0.001). Severe preeclampsia was indirectly associated with education, ANC visit, and family history of hypertension.Conclusion: Severe preeclampsia is directly and positively associated with age, history of hypertension, history of DM, and stress. It is negatively associated with parity and ANC visit. Severe preeclampsia is indirectly associated with education, ANC visit, and family history of hypertension.Keywords: severe preeclampsia, determinants, path analysisCorrespondence: Prafista Wulan Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285740772699.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 126-135https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.0
Low Birth, Prematurity, and Pre-Eclampsia as Risk Factors of Neonatal Asphyxia
Get PDFBackground: Asphyxia neonatorum is the condition of an infant who does not breathe spontaneously and regularly immediately after birth. This condition is accompanied by hypoxia, hypercapnia, and ends with acidosis. Long-standing asphyxia can cause brain damage and death. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of asphyxia in Nganjuk Hospital, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted in Nganjuk Hospital, East Java, in July 2018. A total sample of 150 neonates was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 neonates with asphyxia and 1oo neonates without asphyxia. The dependent variable was asphyxia. The independent variables were low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre eclampsia. The data were obtained from medical record and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of asphyxia increased with low birth weight (OR= 2.58; 95% CI = 3.80 to 46.15; p<0.001), premature birth (OR= 1.27; 95% CI= 1.23 to 10.25; p= 0.019), and pre-eclampsia (OR= 3.74; 95% CI= 12.54 to 141.05; p <0.001).Conclusions: The risk of asphyxia increases with low birth weight, premature birth, and pre-eclampsia.Keywords: asphyxia, neonates, low birth weight, premature, preeclampsiaCorrespondence
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age in Tegal, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in developing countries. Although Pap smear is known as an effective strategy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, it is underused in developing countries at around 19%. This study aimed to examine the determinants of Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age using Health Belief Model (HBM).Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Tegal, Central Java, from October 4 to November 2, 2018. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear uptake. The independent variables were perceived benefit, susceptibility, seriousness, and threat, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Pap smear uptake directly increased with stronger perceived threat (b= 1.18; 95% CI= 0.44 to 1.92; p=0.002), stronger perceived benefit (b= 1.40; 95% CI= 0.63 to 2.16; p<0.001), and higher self-efficacy (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.73 to 2.24; p<0.001). Pap smear uptake was indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support.Conclusion: Pap smear uptake is directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, and self-efficacy. It is indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support.Keywords: Pap smear, Health Belief Model, path analysisCorrespondence: Riska Armadhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 77-86https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.0
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Female Infertility
Get PDFBackground: Infertility is not a disease that needs to be worried. However, it becomes a serious problem for certain people such as causing divorce. Infertility in women can be affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Body Mass Index (BMI), lifestyle, age, occupation, stress, metabolic disorder, endometriosis, and uterine myoma. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with female infertility.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from May to July 2019. A sample of 200 women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were PCOS, BMI, lifestyle, age, occupation, stress, metabolic disorder, endometriosis, and uterine myoma. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The study was analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Female infertility was affected by age ≥35 years (OR= 9.05; 95% CI= 2.61 to 31.39; p= 0.001), occupation (OR= 8.29; 95% CI= 2.25 to 30.48; p= 0.001), BMI ≥25 (OR= 8.16; 95% CI= 2.44 to 27.29; p=0.001), PCOS (OR=117.34; 95% CI=10.31 to 1334.83; p <0.001), endometriosis (OR= 5.01; 95% CI= 1.17 to 21.38; p=0.029), uterine myoma (OR=6.59; 95% CI= 1.76 to 24.67; p= 0.005), and metabolic disorder (OR= 15.39; 95% CI= 4.02 to 58.84; p<0.001).Conclusion: Female fertility is affected by age ≥35 years, occupation, BMI ≥25, PCOS, endometriosis, uterine myoma, and metabolic disorder.Keywords: female infertility, PCOS, endometriosisCorrespondence:Suci Arsita Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: suciarsita@gmail.com. Mobile: 085786179994.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 507-515https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.11
Multilevel Analysis on the Biosocial and Economic Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding
Get PDFBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding is provided to infants from birth to 6 months of age without supplementary or substitution food and drink. Breastmilk contains nutrients and protective factors that can reduce morbidity and mortality risks of children. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, health personnel support, subjective norm, and stratification status of community health center (posyandu), on exclusive breastfeeding in Banjarsari Sub-District, Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta, Central Java, from October 17 to November 7, 2017. Twenty five posyandus were selected by stratified random sampling. Of the posyandus selected, 200 lactating mothers were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, subjective norm, and health personnel support. The data were collected using a set of questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression in Stata 13.Results: The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding increased with better maternal nutritional status (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 0.14 to 3.17; p= 0.032), multi parity (b= 1.72; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.86; p= 0.003), working outside the house (b= -2.94; 95% CI= -3.99 to -1.88; p= 0.001), higher family income (b= -1.94; 95% CI= -3.13 to -0.76; p= 0.001), strong health personnel support (b= 1.13; 95% CI= 0.02 to 2.25; p= 0.046), and positive subjective norm (b= 1.20; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.25; p= 0.025). Posyandu showed strong contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 28.87%.Conclusion: The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding increases with better maternal nutritional status, multi parity, working outside the house, higher family income, strong health personnel support, and positive subjective norm.Keyword: exclusive breastfeeding, multilevel analysis, maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, health personnel support, subjective norm, and posyanduCorrespondence: Prabawati Sinta. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 356-370https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.06
Association between Socio-demographic, Nutrition Intake, Cultural Belief, and Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women In Karanganyar, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health issue in developing countries. Studies in Indonesia examining the effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy are lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy.Subjects and Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 community health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from February to March 2018.A total of 200 trimesters I, II, and III pregnant mothers was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 mothers with anemia and 150 mothers without anemia. The dependent variable was anemia during pregnancy. The independent variables were nutrition intake, dietary pattern, consumption of iron tablet, family income, parity, family size, antenatal care visit, and cultural belief. The data were collected by questionnaire. The anemia status was obtained from the medical record. The data were analyzed by path analysis performed on Stata 13.Results: The risk of anemia during pregnancy directly decreased with better nutrition intake (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.73 to -0.31; p= 0.005) and regular consumption of iron tablet (b= -0.79; 95% CI= 1.48 to -0.10; p= 0.024). The risk of anemia during pregnancy was indirectly affected by better dietary pattern, higher family income, larger family size, cultural belief, parity, higher education, and antenatal care visit.Conclusion: Good nutrition intake and regular consumption of iron tablet decreased the risk of anemia during pregnancy. Dietary pattern, family income, family size, cultural belief, parity, and maternal education have indirect effects on the risk of anemia during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, nutrition intake, iron tablet, dietary patternCorrespondence: Indah Permatasari Sinawangwulan. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285655261261.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 128-137https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.0
Path Analysis on the Biological and Social Economic Determinants of Neonatal Death in Bantul District, Yogyakarta
Get PDFBackground: Nearly four million or two-thirds of the newborns (first week of life) die each year worldwide. In Indonesia, neonatal mortality contributes to 59% infant mortality. Factors associated with infant death have been reported to be biological and social economic. This study aimed to examine the biological and social-economic determinants of neonatal death in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. Population in this study was all neonates in Panembahan Senopati Hospital who were born from January 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 200 neonates was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 dead and 150 alive neonates. The dependent variable was neonatal death. The independent variables were low birth-weight, asphyxia, prematurity, pregnancy infection, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment status, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Risk of neonatal death directly increased with asphyxia (b=3.65; 95% CI= 1.77 to 5.52; p<0.001), prematurity (b=2.78; 95% CI= 1.64 to 3.92; p<0.001), and pregnancy infection (b=3.04; 95% CI= 1.82 to 4.26; p<0.001). Risk of neonatal death was indirectly associated with maternal aged 20-35 years, family income, maternal education, and maternal work outside the house.Conclusion: The risk of neonatal death directly increases with asphyxia, prematurity, low birth weight, infection. Risk of neonatal death is indirectly associated with maternal aged 20-35 years, family income, maternal education, and maternal work outside the house.Keywords: neonatal death, risk factors, biological factor, the social and economic factorCorrespondence:Funik Rahma Mei Listiani, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: [email protected]. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 91-99https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.0