Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates and Source of Payment Using the Robson Classification System
No full textBackground: Sectio caesarea delivery is the last alternative to save the mother and fetus when normal delivery is not possible. The increase in caesarean section worldwide has become a major public health problem, so it is necessary to supervise to reduce the number of caesarean sections that are considered unnecessary, one of which is through the Robson Classification. The existence of health insurance for the people of Indonesia, including BPJS which covers the costs of sectio caesarea, makes it possible to increase the incidence of sectio caesarea. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of sectio caesarea and financing status based on Robson's classification at Muhammadiyah Babat Hospital.Subjects and Method: This study used a retrospective observational analytic method with a cross sectional design. The research sample was mothers giving birth at Muhammadiyah Babat Hospital who were included in the inclusion criteria and were taken through a total sampling technique of 127 mothers giving birth. The dependent variable is sectio caesarea. The independent variable is financing status. The instrument used was medical record data collected in collection sheets and analyzed using the Chi Square test. Results: A total of 87 (68.5%) subjects gave birth by sectio caesarea with the prevalence of the Robson group 2, 4, and 5 as the main contributor. A total of 64 (63.4%) subjects gave birth by sectio caesarea with BPJS financing status. The results of the chi-square analysis showed that mothers with BPJS financing status reduced the incidence of sectio caesarea, and it was statistically significant (OR= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.80; p= 0.026).Conclusion: The data shows that the incidence of sectio caesarea is still very high and most are in the Robson group 1-5 with BPJS financing status. Based on Robson's grouping results, there is a relationship between financing status and the incidence of sectio caesarea, BPJS financing status reduces the incidence of caesarean section.Keywords: sectio caesarea, robson classification, financing status.Correspondence: Budi Prasetyo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Facullty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia, Jl. Mayjen Pro. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60132 Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281553019486.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 1-11https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.01
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Anemia in Pregnant Women on the Risk of Postpartum Bleeding and Low Birth Weight
No full textBackground: Anemia in pregnancy usually occurs in the 1st and 3rd trimesters with Hb levels below 11g% and in the 2nd trimester with Hb levels less than 10.5g%. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women around the world ranges from 41.8% to 43.8%, which means that around 56-59 million pregnant women suffer from anemia. Factors that cause anemia that often appear in pregnant women are malnutrition and iron deficiency, so that iron anemia in pregnancy can result in increased maternal mortality rates (MMR). Anemia during pregnancy can result in fetal death, abortion, birth defects, low birth weight and can cause bleeding during labour.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: pregnant women, Intervention: anemia, Comparison: no anemia, Outcome: LBW and postpartum hemorrhage). The databases used are PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the keywords “maternal anemia” AND “postpartum hemorrhage” AND cohort, “maternal anemia” AND “low birth weight” AND cohort. There were 17 cohort studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. The total sample in this meta-analysis was 719,172. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 17 articles with cohort research designs originating from China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Bangladesh, England, Scotland, North America and the United States involving 719,172 pregnant women. A meta-analysis of 9 cohort studies showed that anemia in pregnant women increased the risk of giving birth to LBW babies 1.35 times compared to pregnant women who were not anemic (aOR= 1.35; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.75; p=0.020). A meta-analysis of 8 cohort studies showed that anemia in pregnant women increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage 1.99 times compared to pregnant women who were not anemic (aOR= 1.99; 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.18; p=0.004).Conclusion: Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of LBW babies and postpartum hemorrhage.Keywords: Pregnant women, anemia, LBW, postpartum hemorrhage, and Meta-AnalysisCorrespondence: Fahmi Adhimukti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628-5743155133.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 58-69https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.06
Interest Profile of The Baby's Mother in Receiving Multiple Injection Immunization
No full textBackground: Multiple injections are giving more than one type of immunization in one visit which aims to protect children earlier in vulnerable times, immunization visits will be fewer so that it will make it easier for children with difficult or limited access to health services, people Older people do not need to come to health facilities repeatedly, increase efficiency for health service providers, and avoid missed opportunities. This study aimed to determine a significant relationship between the independent variables, namely knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and family support with the dependent variable, namely the infant's mother's interest in receiving multiple injection immunization.Subjects and Method: This study was a cross sectional study. A sample of 407 infant's mothers were selected in this study. The dependent variable was namely the infant's mother's interest in receiving multiple injection immunization. The independent variable were namely knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and family support. The data were analyzed by SPSS application.Results: The average score of correct answers related to the knowledge of mothers who are interested (Mean= 7.32; SD= 1.23) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 5.23; SD= 0.87). The average score of correct answers related to the perceived vulnerability of mothers who are interested (Mean= 23.45; SD= 4.61) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 10.39; SD= 0.87). The average score of correct answers related to the perceived severity of mothers who are interested in receiving multiple injection cages (Mean= 9.70; SD= 4.42) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 7.45; SD= 0.92). The average score of correct answers related to the perceived benefit of mothers who are interested (Mean= 16.74; SD= 3.38) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 7.32; SD= 0.7o). The average score of correct answers related to the perceived barrier of mothers who are interested (Mean= 23.18; SD= 4.31) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 11.78; SD= 1.17). The average score of correct answers related to the family support of mothers who are interested in receiving multiple injection cages (Mean= 28.89; SD= 5.16) greater than mothers who are not interested (Mean= 16.08; SD= 1.38). All these results were significant statistic (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a significant influence between knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and family support with the infant's mother's interest in receiving multiple injection immunization.Keywords: multiple injections, immunization, infants mother.Correspondence: Setyo Endah Pratiwi. Department of Public Health, Postgraduate School, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Sudarto No. 13 Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java. Email: endahsulthan13@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 822-2137-5962Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(03): 324-334https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.07
Increased plasma caspase-3 in children with Down syndrome is associated with an increasing risk of pulmonary hypertension
No full textBackground:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the one of the comorbidities in children with Down syndrome. The pathogenesis of this pulmonary hypertension remains to be investigated, although endothelial dysfunction and apoptotic activity are among the proposed mechanisms. Caspase-3, a key regulator of apoptosis and appears to be an attractive predictor of pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional observational clinical study was performed in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta-Indonesia between January and March 2021 involving clinically diagnosed children with Down syndrome. Sampling method was using a consecutive sampling. The independent variable was plasma caspase-3 level and the dependent variable were the presence of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart defects (CHD). Clinical data documentation, blood collection and echocardiography were performed on enrollment day. We first determined the plasma level of caspase-3 in 36 children with Down syndrome with CHD (n=18) and without CHD (n=18) and further determined the risk of having pulmonary hypertension using the plasma caspase-3 level. We also determined the biomarker performance of caspase-3 using a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Children with Down syndrome with PH had a higher plasma caspase-3 compared to those without PH (p<0.001). In those with both CHD and PH, the plasma caspase-3 level was also high although not statistically significant (p=0.145). The highest plasma caspase-3 level was observed in subjects with PH without CHD (p<0.01). Relative risk and ROC analysis demonstrated that increased plasma caspase-3 level increased the risk to have PH 5 times (RR=5.00, 95% CI 1.74 –14.34; p<0.001) and predicted the incidence of PH in children with Down syndrome (AUC 0.88, CI 0.76 – 0.99).Conclusion:An elevation in plasma caspase-3 level of Down syndrome children is associated with the increasing risk of having PH regardless the presence of CHD.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 23-32https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.03
Relationship Between Anxiety and Asthma Control Among Pregnant Women with Asthma
No full textBackground: Asthma is a disorder of the airways in the form of chronic inflammation (inflammation). Pregnancy with a history of asthma certainly feels uncomfortable and can interfere with daily activities, this is what will cause an anxiety response. Anxiety in pregnancy with a history of asthma will certainly have an influence on asthma control in pregnant women, so there is a need for research on this case. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and the incidence of asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities at Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya.Subjects and Method: This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional design. The sample in this study were pregnant women with comorbid asthma at Airlangga University Hospital who visited from January to March 2022 and sample selection used a purposive sampling method. The dependent variable is the level of asthma control. The independent variable is the level of anxiety. The research instrument used a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation test. Results: There is a positive and moderate relationship between anxiety and asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities. Pregnant women with comorbid asthma who experienced severe anxiety had total control of asthma control, and this result was statistically significant (r= 0.41; p= 0.002).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anxiety and the level of asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities at Airlangga University Hospital.Keywords: pregnancy, anxiety, asthma control.Correspondence: Winda Aenah, Midwifery Program Study, Faculty of Medicine,Universotas Airlangga,Indonesia. Jl. Mayjen Prof.Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Pacar Kembang,Kec.Tambaksari,Kota SBY,Jawa Timur 60132. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285785099130.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(02): 203-209https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.02.07
Evaluation of Placental Pathology in Term Low Birth Weight Babies
No full textBackground: Low birth weight is the single most risk factor for perinatal mortality and placenta due to its importance in fetomaternal circulation plays an important role in pregnancy outcome. The present study aims to evaluate the pathological changes in the placenta in term (38-42 weeks) low birth weight babies.Subjects and Method: It is case control study done in Jorhat Medical College and Hospital during the period from June 2020 to May 2021. Consecutive sampling was done. 100 placentae were subjected to detailed gross and histological examination. Sixty placentae were from full term babies with birth weight less than 2,500g (LBW). Fourty placentae from full term babies with birth weight more than 2,500g were included in control group. Weight of the baby was taken within the 1st hour of birth and APGAR score was noted. Gross and microscopic examination of placentae was done. Statistical correlation was carried out between them by using Student t-test with SPSS software, P value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Weight of term LBW cases placentae were lighter compared to control, diameter of the placentae in term LBW cases placenta was lesser compared to control (p= 0.045). The syncytial knot count, cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation and perivillous fibrin deposition was more in placentae of term LBW cases compared to controls (p= 0.045).Conclusion: Placental pathology among term LBW cases was high in comparison tocontrol group. The present study shows the importance of histopathological examination of the placenta to know the exact mechanism of placental dysfunction in term LBW cases.Keywords: low birth weight, perivillous fibrin deposition, syncytial knot count, cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation.Correspondence:Dr Sanchita Paul ,house no.129, karimganj, Assam. Pin: 788710. Phone: 9678801472, Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 572-579https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.08
The Relationships between Body Mass Index, Psychological Stress, Physical Activity, and Oligomenorrhea in Adolescents at Yasinat Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya
No full textBackground: Oligomenorrhea is one of the most common types of menstrual cycle disorders. Cases have increased in recent decades. Women with oligomenorrhea have menstrual intervals of more than 35 days and less than 90 days. Oligomenorrhea is common in adolescents, particularly 75% of women in late adolescence suffer from oligomenorrhea. The study aims to analyze the effect of BMI, psychological stress, and physical activity on the incidence of oligomenorrhea in young women in Yasinat Islamic Boarding School.Methods and Subjects: This study used an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample was adolescents aged 17-19 years with a total of 82 students at Yasinat Islamic Boarding School. The dependent variable was oligomenorrhea. Independent variables were BMI, stress psychology, and physical activity. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed offline. The study data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: BMI 25 kg/m2 or 24.4% experienced a rare cycle (oligomenorrhea), 3.7% of subjects with light activity experienced oligomenorrhea, while subjects with physical activity of more than 40% experienced oligomenorrhea, 21.7 % of subjects with the normal category experienced oligomenorrhea, 27.8% mild stress, 47.1% moderate stress experienced oligomenorrhea. This study showed that BMI had a significant effect on oligomenorrhea (p= 0.006). Psychological stress (p= 0.227) and physical activity (p= 0.224) showed no significant influence on oligomenorrhea.Conclusion: There is a relationship between BMI and oligomenorrhea incidence so it is necessary to evaluate the adolescent weight, however, there is no relationship between psychological stress, physical activity, and oligomenorrhea incidence in Yasinat Islamic Boarding School.Keywords: physical activity, BMI, oligomenorrhea, psychological stress.Correspondence: Silvi Dina. Study Program of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mayjen Pro. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia. Email: silvi.dina.rosida-2019@fk.unair.ac.id. Mobile: +6282140485431.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 742-749https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.12
Effect of Mother and Infant Skin to Skin Contact on Early Initiation Breastfeeding: A Meta Analysis
No full textBackground: Skin to Skin Contact (SSC) of mothers and babies immediately after giving birth provides many benefits at the beginning of breastfeeding, an effective intervention can increase the competence of breastfeeding babies compared to just getting routine care (Routine Care). This study aims to analyze the primary study of the effect of mother-infant contact (skin to skin contact) on the success of the first breastfeeding with a meta-analysis.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: mothers and newborns. Intervention: Skin to Skin Contact. Comparison: Routine Care. Outcome: Successful first breastfeeding. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct and Springerlink. Keywords to search for articles (“skin to skin contact” OR “early initiation breastfeeding” OR “kangaroo mother care” AND “first breastfeeding” OR “duration breastfeeding” AND “Randomized Control Trials” OR “RCT”). The articles included are full text in English and Indonesian with a Randomized Controlled Trial study design from 2011 to 2021 and reports on the Mean and SD in a multivariate analysis. Article selection is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 aplikasi application.Results: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials from Iran, India, Pakistan, Egypt, and Thailand were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that Skin to Skin Contact increased the success of the first breastfeeding by 1.05 times compared to Conventional Method Care (SMD= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.63 to 1.58; p<0.001).Conclusion: Skin to skin contact can increase the success of the first breastfeeding.Keywords: Skin to skin contact, Breastfeeding success, Meta-analysisCorrespondence: Mumpuni Intan Pertiwi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile : +6285325638182.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(04): 368-379https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.04.01
Meta-Analysis: Breastfeeding and Its Correlation with Stunting
No full textBackground: Stunting is a problem of chronic malnutrition in the first 100 days of life (HPK) which can be prevented by breastfeeding in children. This study aims to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting based on the results of a number of similar primary studies previously.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a meta-analysis study with PICO as follows: P = Children under five, I = Breastfeeding, C = Not Breastfeeding, O = Stunting. Article searches were conducted using electronic databases, namely PubMed, Goegle Scholar and Science Direct. Article searches were conducted using the keyword and Mesh methods as follows “Breastfeeding” AND “Stunting” AND “Children” “Breastfeeding and Malnutrition” OR “Breastfeeding Benefits”. sectional, the articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There were 8 articles from the continents of Africa, Asia and South America which included Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Ecuador from 2001-2022 which were analyzed using PRISMA flow diagrams. Research studies show that children who are breastfed have a risk of experiencing stunting as much as 0.62 times compared to those who are not breastfed (aOR= 0.62; CI 95%= 0.41 to 0.94; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of children experiencing stunting.Keywords: Breastfeeding, Stunting, children under five.Correspondence: Alfi Makrifatul Azizah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285375335480.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(03): 334-345https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.03.10
Predictors of Mortality of Pediatric Patients with COVID-19 in Dr Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
No full textBackground: COVID-19 has spread all over the world and became a global pandemic. In Indonesia, COVID-19 has officially defined the non-natural disaster of COVID-19 spread as national disaster in April 13th 2020. COVID-19 cases are predominant in adult population with higher severity particularly if accompanied with comorbidities resulting in a relatively high mortality rate. However, some recent studies showed that children are at a similar or higher risk to COVID-19 compared to adults. This study aims to evaluate the predictors of mortality in pediatric COVID-19 cases.Subjects and Method: This study used a cross-sectional design using data from medical records of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the isolation ward of Dr Moewardi General Hospital from March 2020 to August 2021. All variables with significant result in the bivariate analysis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics version 25) with significance of p value of < 0.05.Results: Results of this study showed that age 10-17 years (OR= 16.26; 95% CI= 1.47 to 179.56; p= 0.023), the use of oxygen mask (OR= 45.89; 95% CI = 5.39 to 390.58; p <0.001), and the use of continued oxygen therapy (OR= 181.48; 95% CI=11.25 to 2927.80; p <0.001) are predictors of mortality in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19.Conclusion: Age 10-17 years, use of oxygen mask and advanced oxygen therapy are predictors of mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Dr Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta.Keywords: mortality, COVID-19, pediatric.Correspondence: Dwi Suryaning Ayu Aprilizia. Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Jalan Kolonel Sutarto No. 132, Surakarta, Indonesia. Mobile: +6281287338097. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 600-608https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.11