Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Path Analysis on Factors Affecting the Choice of Female Surgical Contraceptive Method in Kendal, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia is one of the developing countries with a high rate of population growth. The government established a Family Planning program in overcoming this problem with effective use of the female surgery contraception. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of female surgery contraceptive method using path analysis model.Subject and method: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Kendal, Central Java. A sample of 200 women was selected for this study by fixed diseases sampling. The dependent variable was the choice of female surgery contraceptive method. The independent variables were age, education, number of children alive, employment, knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, husband support, and perception of gender equality. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The choice of female surgery contraception method was directly and positively associated with good knowledge (b= 1.91; 95% CI= 0.80 to 3.02; p= 0.001), positive attitude (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.45 to 2.66; p= 0.006), good gender equality perception (b= 1.25; 95% CI= 0.18 to 2.32; p= 0.021), high self efficacy (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.48 to 2.74; p= 0.005), high education (b= 1.18; 95% CI= 0.02 to 2.35; p= 0.045), strong husband support (b= 1.24; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.39; p= 0.027), working outside the home (b= 1.14; 95% CI= 0.06 to 2.21; p= 0.037 ), number of children alive ≥3 (b= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.61 to 2.88; p= 0.003), and maternal age ≥35 years (b= 1.57; 95% CI = 0.34 to 2.75; p= 0.012). It was indirectly associated with age and education.Conclusions: The choice of female surgery contraception method is directly and positively associated with good knowledge, positive attitude, good gender equality perception, high self-efficacy, high education, strong husband support, working outside the home, number of children alive ≥3, and maternal age ≥35 years. It is indirectly associated with age and education.Keywords: female surgery contraceptive method, determinant, path analysisCorrespondence: Ainul Maghfiroh. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285641012090.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(3): 146-157https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.03.0
Contextual Effect of Posyandu on Adherence to Iron Tablet Consumption among Pregnant Women in Blitar, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Anemia in pregnant women remains a health priority to be addressed immediately. Anemia in pregnant women may increase the risk of maternal mortality, abortion, perinatal death, low birth weight, and postpartum bleeding. This study aimed to examine the contextual effect of posyandu on adherence to iron tablet consumption among pregnant women in Blitar, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Blitar, East Java, in November 2018. The dependent variable was adherence of iron tablet consumption. The independent variables were education, intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, family income, subjective norm, husband support, and posyandu. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression run on Stata 13.Results: Iron tablet consumption increased with high education (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.05 to 1.66; p= 0.038), strong intention (b= 0.40; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.77; p= 0.037), multiparity (b= 0.89; 95% CI= 0.15 to 1.62; p= 0.018), positive attitude (b= 0.29; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.42; p<0.001), perceived behavior control (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.17 to 0.48; p<0.001), high family income (b= 0.05; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.10; p= 0.018), iron tablet availability (b= 1.62; 95% CI= 0.84 to 2.40; p<0.001),strong husband support (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.40; p= 0.019), and subjective norm (b= 0.27; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.52; p= 0.027). Iron tablet consumption decreased with side effect (b= -1.22; 95% CI= -2.12 to -0.33; p= 0.007). Posyandu had contextual effect in adherence to iron tablet consumption with ICC= 12.58%.Conclusion: Iron tablet consumption increases with high education, strong intention, multiparity, positive attitude, perceived behavior control, high family income, iron tablet availability, strong husband support, and subjective norm. Iron tablet consumption decreases with the side effect. Posyandu has contextual effect in adherence to iron tablet consumption.Keywords: Fe tablet consumption, posyandu, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Febrina Ardianti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: [email protected]. Mobile:+62816609336.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 110-117https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.0
Efficacy of Yoga Exercise to Reduce Anxiety in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis using Randomized Controlled Trials
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety can have a negative impact on mothers and infants. Anxiety can cause prematurity, impaired motor development, mental and emotional development of children. This study aimed to examine efficacy of yoga on reducing anxiety in pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis. As many as 6 randomized control trials (RCT) were extracted from Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer, Proquest, and Cochrane databases. A sample of 426 pregnant women who took yoga exercises for 4-12 weeks was selected for this study. The data were analyzed in RevMan 5.3.Results: Yoga exercise reduce anxiety in pregnant women (SMD= -0.48; 95% CI= -0.92 to -0.03; p= 0.030).Conclusion: Yoga is effective to reduce anxiety in pregnant women.Keywords: Yoga exercise, anxiety, pregnant women, randomized control trials, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Sintia Ayu Ningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6283866810777.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 118-125https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.0
The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Wasting in Children Under Five: A Meta-Analysis Study
Get PDFBackground: Wasting is a form of malnutrition that has become a serious global health problem for the past few decades. Global prevalence of wasting is reported to reach 52 million or 7.7% of the under-fives. Global coverage of exclusive breastfeeding was still as low as 40%. The purpose of this study was to due a meta-analysis on the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on wasting in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study conducted from PubMed, SCOPUS, DOAJ, BASE, EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. This study sought a systematic review with observational study design and multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (AOR) analysis. Wasting was defined as weight for height (WHZ) Z score <-2. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5 meta-analysis program with a fixed effect and random effect analysis model.Results: There were 13 articles included in this study. Based on 3 study design, exclusive breastfeeding could prevent the risk of wasting in children under five with each meta-analysis result from a cross-sectional study 0.42 times (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.62; p <0.001), case-control studies 0.38 times (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.54; p <0.001), and cohort studies 0.75 times (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.04; p = 0.08). There was no publication bias in the results of the cross-sectional and case-control study meta-analysis, but there was in the results of the meta-analysis of the cohort study.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding can prevent wasting in children under five.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, wasting, observational studyCorrespondence: Amallia Wijiwinarsih.Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126.Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0857261706.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 87-96https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.0
The Associations between Maternal Education, Chronic Energy Deficit, and Anemia in Pregnant Women: An Evidence from Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and anemia in pregnant women have a health impact on the mother and child in the womb. This condition can increase the risk of babies with low birth weight, miscarriage, premature birth, even death in mothers and newborns. This study aims to determine the relationship between CED and anemia in pregnant women at the Muara I Health Center in Lhokseumawe City in 2017.Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Muara I Community Health Center, Lhokseumawe, in December 2017. A sample of 90 pregnant women was selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was the anemia of pregnant women. The independent variables were education and CED. CED was measured based on maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) during pregnancy using MUAC tape. The hemoglobin level was measured by Hb Sahli. Other data were measured using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression tests.Results: CED has a significant positive and statistically significant effect on anemia in pregnant women (OR = 64.34; 95% CI = 15.10 to 274.10; p <0.001). Low maternal education has a positive effect but was statistically significant towards anemia in pregnant women (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 0.81 to 12.27; p = 0.099).Conclusion: CED and low maternal education have a positive effect on anemia in pregnant women.Keywords: anemia, pregnant women, education, chronic lack of energyCorrespondence: Helliyana, Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. T. Maas, Medan, Sumatera Utara. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085260129999.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 312-316https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.0
Multilevel Analysis on the Contextual Effect of the Integrated Health Post Activity on Development of Children Under Five in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan
Get PDFBackground: It is estimated that 200 million children in developing countries do not develop optimally. Child development is a complex improvement in body structure and function that include gross and fine motoric, speech, language, socialization, and independence aspects of development. The success of children in achieving optimal development determines the future of a nation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contextual effect of integrated health post (posyandu) in child development in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan.Subjects and Method: This study was a cross sectional conducted at 25 integrated health post in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, from November to December 2018. A sample 200 of children under five was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were maternal age at marriage, maternal education, parental income, parenting style, birth weight, birth length, child development monitoring, child development intervention, and integrated health post strata. Data collection was conducted using questionnaire and analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis in Stata 13.Results: Child development disorder increased with early maternal age at marriage (b= 3.18; 95% CI= 0.77 to 5.59; p = 0.010), but decreased with high maternal education (b= -2.22; 95% CI= -3.92 to -0.52; p= 0.010), high parental income (b= -4.01; 95% CI = -6.55 to -1.47; p= 0.002), proper parenting style (b= -2.89; 95% CI= -5.18 to -0.60; p= 0.013), normal birth weight (b= -2.87; 95% CI= -4.80 to -0.95; p= 0.003), normal birth length (b= -3.13; 95% CI= -5.63 to -0.63; p= 0.014), child development monitoring (b= -2.97 95% CI= -5.58 to -0.36; p= 0.025), and child development intervention (b = -3.53; 95% CI= -6.19 to -0.87; p= 0.009). The integrated health post had a contextual effect on child development with ICC= 19.9%.Conclusions: Child development disorder increases with early maternal age at marriage, but decreased with high maternal education, high parental income, proper parenting style, normal birth weight, normal birth length, child development monitoring, and child development intervention. The integrated health post has a contextual effect on child development.Keywords: child development, children under five, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Lolita. Public Health Masters Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email : [email protected] Seluler: 082328463344.Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 2019, 4(4): 222-229https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.04.0
Maternal Mortality Evaluation: A Case Study in Bantul, Yogyakarta
Get PDFBackground: Maternal mortality rate is one of the indicators to measure the level of a woman's health. The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high, it's about 190/100.000 live birth. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cause of maternal death in Bantul at 2016 which related to the health services including human resources.Subjects and Method: This was a mixed method with case study design on maternal mortality in Bantul District. The qualitative data collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and the quantitative data from the questionnaire were filled by a senior midwife throughout the hospital in Bantul. The number of hospitals in Bantul District was 11 consisting of 1 government hospital and 10 private hospitals.Results: The number of obstetricians who could be available 24 hours in hospitals was still limited. The skills of midwives were still considered to be limited in handling a number of obstetric emergency conditions due to the lack of regular training. The primary health care services which had been provided to support and handle obstetric emergencies, but the infrastructure and human resources were still considered inadequate. Thus, there was also a condition where the utilization of integrated ANC facilities in the primary health center (Puskesmas) was still low, soan early detection of complications of pregnancy was less optimal.Conclusion: There are three main topics causing the maternal mortality at Bantul, and those are 1)Maternal mortality related to hospital facilities, 2) Maternal mortality related to human resources at the hospital, 3) Maternal mortality related to health center facility.Keywords: maternal, obstetrician stand-by, hospitalCorrespondence: Arlina Dewi. Masters Program in Hospital Management, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Brawijaya, Bantul 55183, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628122972576Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 342-350https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.07
A Path Analysis on the Factors Associated with Birth Preparedness: Evidence from Wonogiri, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a strategy that encourages pregnant women, their families, and communities to effectively plan for births and deal with emergencies, if they occur. It is a key component of globally accepted safe motherhood programs. This study aimed to determine factors associated with birth preparedness in Wonogiri, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Wonogiri, Central Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was birth preparedness. The independent variables were gestational age, parity, maternal education, maternal knowledge on birth sign, husband support, and health personnel role. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis, run on Stata 13.Results: Birth preparedness was positively affected by good maternal knowledge on birth sign (b=2.97; 95% CI=0.10 to 5.84; p=0.043), husband support (b=5.06; 95% CI=2.62 to 7.51; p<0.001), and health personnel role (b=5.53; 95% CI=2.95 to 8.11; p<0.001). Birth preparedness was indirectly affected by gestational age, maternal education, and parity.Conclusion: Birth preparedness is positively affected by good maternal knowledge on birth sign, husband support, and health personnel role. Birth preparedness is indirectly affected by gestational age, maternal education, and parity.Keywords: birth preparedness, gestational age, education, knowledge, husband support, health personnel roleCorrespondence
Participation in Pregnant Mother Class and Implementation of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Betungan Community Health Center, Bengkulu
Get PDFBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding can be seen from the role of the world in which in 2006, WHO (World Health Organization) issued a Child Growth Standard which is then applied throughout the world. The content is to emphasize the importance of breastfeeding only to infants from birth to 6 months of age. After that, the baby begins to be given complementary foods beside ASI. Data from the Health Profile of Bengkulu Province in 2014 showed that only 20.67% of infants aged 0-6 months get exclusive breastfeeding from the total number of infants aged 0-6 months ie 12.508 (Health Office, 2014). The purpose of this study is to obtain in-depth information about the implementation of prenatal class on exclusive breastfeeding at community health center.Subjects and Method: The qualitative research design used was Rapid Assessment Procedures, which is a qualitative approach or study. The population of mothers who have 0-6 months old baby sample was 16 people while the others were 4 heads of community health center, midwife, and cadre. Then the information received was processed and analyzed its theme (data reduction, data presentation, conclusion / verification) and then was tested for its validity with triangulation.Results: The lack of role of pregnant mother class in increasing exclusive breast feeding is caused by various factors. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding successfully performed by larger informants is due to the policies of maternity providers and post-maternal conditions for both mother and infant. For the maternal and child health program program, it is expected to be able to conduct periodic evaluation of the prenatal class.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, intention and classes of pregnant womenCorespondence
Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Students in Boyolali, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Fat and obesity are serious problems in children because they will continue into adulthood. Diarrhea occurs in groups of children under five years old (toddlers). According to the 2013 risk assessment, in Boyolali District the prevalence of obesity in children was 11.6% consisted of 7.5% fat and 4.1% obese. This study aimed to examine the determinants of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Boyolali, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at 25 elementary schools in Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali, Central Java, from April 2017 to June 2018. A sample of 200 students was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was fat and obese nutritional status. Independent variables were family income, pocket money, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, nutritional intake, and physical activity. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression.Results: Family income (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 8.28 to 2.48; p<0.001), pocket money (b = 0.001; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.01; p<0.001), paternal BMI (b= 0.11; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.16; p<0.001), maternal BMI (b= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.96; p<0.001), nutritional intake (b = 0.87; 95% CI= 0.35 to1.14; p= 0.001), and physical activity (b= -0.04; 95% CI= -0.05 to -0.06; p<0.001) increased fat and obesity in children. School had a strong contextual effect on fat and obesity among children with ICC= 14.34%.Conclusion: Family income, pocket money, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, nutritional intake, and physical activity increase fat and obesity in children. The school has a strong contextual effect on fat and obesity among children.Keywords: determinants, fat, obesity, physical activity, nutritional intake, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Dwi Wijayanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile:+6285642214066.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 304-311https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.0