Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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Determinants of Complete Infant Immunization and Contextual Effect of Community Health Centers: A Multilevel Evidence from Karanganyar, Central Java
No full textBackground: Immunization aims to reduce morbidity, mortality, and disability due to vaccine-preventable diseases. Many children in Indonesia have not received any immunization, or their immunization status is incomplete. Efforts should be made to raise awareness of parents to participate in completing their child's immunization. This study aimed to analyze the behavioral factors that influence the completeness of immunization in infantsSubjects and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted at 21 health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from January to March 2020. Subjects were 200 mothers with children aged 12-23 months that were selected using a fixed disease sampling technique. The dependent variable was the completeness of immunization. The independent variables at level 1 were education, knowledge, information and education, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, intentions, subjective norms, and attitudes. The independent variables at level 2 were the contextual health center. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using a multilevel analysis.Results: Complete immunization in infants probably occurred with high maternal education (OR = 24.02; 95% CI = 1.61 to 359.17; p = 0.021), information obtained (OR = 52.31; 95% CI = 1.35 to 2021.69; p = 0.034), good knowledge (OR = 49.20; 95% CI = 71.54 to 1574.62; p = 0.028), high perceived benefit (OR= 31.26; 95% CI= 1.28 to 762.77; p= 0.035), strong intention (OR= 17.84; 95% CI= 1.59 to 199.83; p= 0.019), supportive subjective norm (OR = 94.69; 95% CI = 1.91 to 4683.14; p = 0.022), positive attitude (OR= 68.71; 95% CI= 2.40 to 1967.08; p= 0.013). Completeness of immunization in infants decreased with big perceived barrier (OR= 0.02; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.67; p= 0.028). Health center accreditation showed a contextual effect on the level of completeness of immunization with Intra-Class Correlation (ICC)= 20.42%.Conclusion: Immunization completeness in infants increases with high maternal education, good knowledge, high perceived benefits, strong intentions, supportive subjective norms, positive attitudes. Completeness of immunization decreased with a big perceived barrier. Health centers have a large contextual influence on the completeness of immunization in infants.Keywords: immunization completeness, health center context, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Maharani Ulfah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maharaniulf[email protected]. Mobile: +628213558003557.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(05): 456-466https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.05.01.
Contextual Effect of the Community Health Center on the Use of Antenatal Care: A Multilevel Analysis Evidence from Semarang, Central Java
No full textBackground: The completeness of antenatal care is an effort to reduce prenatal mortality. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of the community health center on the use of antenatal care.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted from June to August 2020. The sample consisted of 250 study subjects that were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was antenatal care. The independent variables were husband support, knowledge, attitude, antenatal information, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and complete facilities. This study used questionnaires to collect the data with multilevel analysis through a logistic regression approach in STATA 13.Results: Complete antenatal care visits increased with strong support (b= 4.36; 95% CI= 0.92 to 7.81; p= 0.013), high knowledge (b= 3.59; 95% CI= 0.67 to 6.51; p= 0.016), positive attitude (b= 4.07; 95% CI= 0.65 to 7.50; p= 0.020), much antenatal information (b= 4.20; 95% CI= 0.94 to 7.46; p= 0.012), high self-efficacy (b= 3.05; 95% CI= 0.20 to 5.90; p= 0.036), high cues to action (b= 3.41; 95%CI= 0.62 to 6.20; p= 0.017), high perceived seriousness (b= 4.48; 95% CI= 1.20 to 7.76; p=0 .007), high perceived susceptibility (b= 3.35; 95% CI= 0.31 to 6.38; p= 0.031), high perceived benefit (b= 3.82; 95% CI =0.49 to 7.16; p= 0.025), high perceived barrier (b= -3.13; 95% CI= -6.10 to -0.16; p= 0.039), and complete facilities (b= 4.97; 95% CI= 0.59 to 9.34; p= 0.026). The variation at the community health center level showed a contextual effect on antenatal care with an intraclass correlation (ICC) = 51.09%.Conclusion: Complete antenatal care is affected by husband support, knowledge, attitude, antenatal information, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, complete facilities, and community health center.Keywords: Antenatal care, community health center, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Widyawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widyawati[email protected]. Mobile: +6285742919076.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(06): 663-672https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.06.06
Analysis of Abdominal Massage Practice Performed by Traditional Birth Attendants in Mamba Community Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara
No full textBackground: People in East Manggarai have a strong belief in traditional birth attendants in assisting delivery. It affects the selection of birth attendants. The strong belief in the people of East Manggarai to date is the practice of “Abdominal Massage” during pregnancy and birth delivery. This study aimed to get information about the abdominal massage practice performed by traditional birth attendants in Mamba Community Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara.Subjects and Method: This study was a qualitative analytical study using a phenomenological study approach in Mamba Community Health Center. The informants of this study were traditional healers, pregnant women who were going to give birth to traditional birth attendants and women who gave birth who had been helped by traditional birth attendants, head of community health center, public figures, and village midwives. This study used the purposive sampling technique. This study used in-depth interviews with non-participant observation to collect the data.Results: "Abdominal massage" technique to date was still performed by the people in East Manggarai, especially pregnant women and women who would give birth. This "Abdominal Massage" technique aimed to know and adjust the fetus position. Besides, the mother would feel strong, the baby would be healthy, the maternal body could move easily, and made the process of lowering the fetal head faster. The ingredients used for "abdominal massage" were easy to find. The minimum problems when performing “abdominal massage” with no “abdominal massage” costs made the practice still used by mothers.Conclusion: The practice of “abdominal massage” is medically dangerous for the mother and the fetus if it is carried out by non-professionals, such as traditional birth attendants.Keywords: abdominal massage, traditional birth attendant, birth attendantCorrespondence: Maria Sriana Banul, Diploma of Midwifery, Indonesia Catholic University of Saint Paul Ruteng, East Nusa Tenggara. Email: mariasriana@gmail.com. Mobile: 082311378633.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(06): 715-724https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.06.11.
Meta-Analysis the Effects of Non Exclusive Breastfeeding and Inappropriate Complementary Feeding on Stunting in Children Under Five
No full textBackground: One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets in 2030 is to end all forms of malnutrition, including reducing stunting, which is still a global problem. Stunting is directly and negatively affected by birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding on time. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of non-exclusive breastfeeding and inappropriate complementary breastfeeding on the incidence of stunting in children under five using a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis study was conducted by selecting articles published in the years 2010-2020, from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and BMJ databases. Article searches are carried out by considering the eligibility criteria. This article was collected for 1 month using the following keywords: "Exclusive Breastfeeding" AND "Complementary Feeding" AND "Stunting". The inclusion criteria were full text study, children under five years of age, non-exclusive breastfeeding intervention and complementary feeding were not on time, the outcome of the article was stunting by observational study, and the results were reported in adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Eligible articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 program.Results: Fifteen articles were reviewed in this study with a cross sectional and case control study design. Meta analysis of 7 case control studies showed that children under five who were not exclusively breastfed had a risk of stunting (aOR= 2.83; 95% CI= 1.30 to 4.53; p= 0.006), 3 cross-sectional studies showed that children under five who were not exclusively breastfed had a risk of stunting (aOR= 1.41; 95% CI= 1.30 to 4.53; p= 0.69), and 5 cross-sectional studies showed that children under five who were breastfed inappropriately have a risk of stunting (aOR= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.81 to 3.36; p <0.001).Conclusion: Non-exclusive breastfeeding and MP ASI not on time have a risk of stunting.Keywords: Stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary breastfeeding, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Tyas Aisyah Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285725003949.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(05): 514-524https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.05.06.
Effectiveness of Prenatal Yoga on Sleep Quality and Reduction of Anxiety During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground:Anxiety and sleep disorders during pregnancy are often experienced during pregnancy. Discomfort during pregnancy can be overcome non-pharmacologically, one of which is prenatal Yoga. This study aimed to estimate the mean effectiveness of prenatal Yoga on sleep quality and decrease anxiety during pregnancy.Subjects and Method:This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis study design. The time of the selected test results was between 2005 and 2020. The search for articles was carried out for 1 month. Study data was searched from databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria in this study were full-text articles and in English. The study design used a randomized controlled trial. Search for articles using the PICO model. The population in this study were pregnant women, intervention in the form of prenatal yoga exercises, comparison without prenatal yoga exercises, and the outcome in anxiety and sleep quality. Data processing was carried out by the Review Manager (RevMan 5.3) by calculating the standardized mean difference to determine the research model that was combined and formed the final meta-analysis result.Results:A total of 10 articles were reviewed in this study on the effectiveness of prenatal Yoga on anxiety and as many as 3 articles on sleep quality. Studies showed that prenatal Yoga significantly reduce anxiety during pregnancy (SMD= -0.84; 95% CI -1.53 to -0.16 p= 0.020). Prenatal yoga could also reduce sleep disorders and improve sleep quality as shown in statistics (SMD= -1.13; 90% CI -2.06 to -0.21 p= 0.020).Conclusion:Prenatal Yoga can reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality.Keywords: anxiety, sleeping quality, prenatal Yoga, pregnancyCorrespondence: Shiva Aflahiyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: shi[email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(06): 629-640https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.06.03
Factors Affecting Late Infertility Examination
Get PDFBackground: Infertility is the inability of a couple to get pregnant after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse at least 2-3 times a week without using contraception. Delay in the examination will have a bad impact considering that increasing age will affect the success of the handling of infertility, especially in women so it is necessary to know the factors that influence the delay of the initial examination in order to be overcome. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the late infertility examination.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Sekar Polyclinic, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from June to August 2019. A sample of 90 outpatients was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was late infertility examination. The independent variables were family support, knowledge, accessibility, and education. The data was collected by medical record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: Late infertility examination decreased with strong family support (OR= 0.20; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.62; p= 0.006), high knowledge (OR= 0.29; 95% CI= 0.09 to 0.92; p= 0.036), good accessibility (OR= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.59; p= 0.005), and high education (OR= 3.41; 95% CI= 0.95 to 12.17; p= 0.059).Conclusion: Late infertility examination decreases with strong family support, high knowledge, good accessibility, and high education.Keywords: infertility examination, family support, accessibility, knowledgeCorrespondence: Uki Retno Budihastuti. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital,Jl. Kolonel Sutarto132, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08122656140.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(2): 206-212https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.02.1
Micronutrients Intake and Mathematics Achievement among Primary School Children in Magelang, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Micronutrient deficiency in school children is estimated at more than 2 million children. Deficiency of micronutrients causes damage to the physical functioning of children, impaired cognitive function, learning processes that are less than optimal, and poor academic performance. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between iodine, iron, zinc intake, and math achievement primary school children.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in four elementary schools in Pakis, Magelang, Central Java, from March to April 2019. A sample of 177 students was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was math achievement. The independent variables were iodine, iron, and zinc intakes. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression.Results: Iodine intake (b= 0.02; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.03; p= 0.001) and zinc intake (b= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.41; p= 0.017), and iron intake (b= 0.08; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.17; p= 0.052) increased math achievement in primary school children.Conclusion: Iodine intake, zinc intake, and iron intake increase math achievement in primary school children.Keywords: iodine, zinc, and iron, math achievement, primary school childrenCorrespondence: Romiza Arika. Masters Program in Nutrition, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: romiza[email protected]: +6289506237763. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(2): 182-192https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.02.0
The Effect of Asphyxia on Neonatal Death: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Asphyxia is the second leading cause of neonatal death in the world. The indicator for the diagnosis of asphyxia in newborns is the APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score. APGAR score at the fifth minute of life correlated with the asphyxia degree. This study aimed to estimate how great the effect of asphyxia on neonatal death based on the results of some previous studies.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic and meta-analysis study. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The articles used in this study were articles that have been published from 2010-2020. The article was searched by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. The population of this study was neonatal with intervention in the form of asphyxia, comparison, namely non-asphyxia, and outcome in the form of death. These articles were collected for 1 month. The keywords were "neonatal" AND "asphyxia" OR "APGAR score" AND "mortality", "death neonatal asphyxia" OR "mortality asphyxia" AND "cross sectional". The articles included in this study were full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design. The articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. The articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: 6 articles were reviewed in this study. This study showed that asphyxia increased the risk of neonatal death (aOR= 3.52; 95% CI= 1.05 to 11.82; p=0.040).Conclusion: Asphyxia increases the risk of neonatal death.Keywords: Asphyxia, APGAR score, neonatal mortality, neonatal deathCorrespondence: Silvalia Rahma Pratiwi. Masters Program in Public Health, Univeritas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sil[email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(04): 413-421https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.04.0
Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women in Trimester III
Get PDFBackground: The estimated anemia prevalences among pregnant women are Asia 48.2%, Afrika 57.1%, Amerika 24.1% and Eropa 25.1%. 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries is associated with anemia during pregnancy. Adverse impacts of anemia in pregnancy toward fetus in developing countries is higher, whereas in industrial countries, perinatal prognosis is not associated with anemia in pregnancy. Anemia in TM III gives effects to the incidence of Low Birth Weight and preterm labour. The study aims to find out factors associated with anemia incidences among pregnant women in TM III in Community Health Center (Puskesmas) Pesantren I, the city of Kediri.Subjects and Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Puskesmas Pesantren I the city of Kediri. There were 30 pregnant women of TM III. The dependent variable was anemia. The independent variables were age, education, occupation, parity, and the compliance in consuming iron tablet. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Chi square.Results: Low education (OR= 9.33; 95% CI= 1.51 to 5.76; p= 0.010), work at home (OR= 8.66; 95% CI= 3.46 to 21.65; p<0.001), multiparous (OR= 13.20; 95% CI=2.11 to 8.25; p=0.003), and did not adhere to iron tablet consumption (OR= 5.50; 95% CI=1.14 to 2.64; p=0.028) increased the risk of anemia. Age 20-35 years old (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.15 to 0.80; p=0.012) reduced the risk of anemia.Conclusion: Low education, work at home, multiparous, and did not adhere to iron tablet consumption increase the risk of anemia. Age 20-35 years old reduces the risk of anemia.Keywords: anemia, iron tabletCorrespondence: Katmini. Masters Program in Public Health, IIK Strada. Jl. Manila 37 Sumberece Tosaren Pesantren, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628233466-2921.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(03): 313-320https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.03.1
Do Early Childhood Schools Have Contextual Effect on Child Development Aged 3-6 Years in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi?
Get PDFBackground: Early childhood development is a critical period in children's lives. The development index in early childhood in Indonesia is relatively low compared to other developing countries, which is 88.3%. Various factors that can influence early childhood development were the nutritional status of children, stimulation by parents, exclusive breastfeeding, dietary patterns, and parental characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the contextual influence of early childhood education on child development in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 25 early childhood schools in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 children aged 3-6 years old was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were nutritional status, dietary pattern, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, maternal occupation, and family income. Child development was measured by The Indonesian child development prescreening questionnaire. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Early childhood development increased with good nutritional status (b= 1.88; 95% CI= 0.48 to 3.28; p= 0.008), good dietary pattern (b= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.26 to 2.91; p= 0.019), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 0.64; 95% CI= -0.69 to 1.99; p= 0.346), maternal education ≥High school (b= 2.45; 95% CI= 0.97 to 3.92; p= 0.001), and family income ≥Rp 2,840,000 (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.32 to 0.53; p= 0.018). Early childhood development decreased with maternal working outside the house (b= -1.42; 95% CI= -2.66 to -0.17; p= 0.025). Early childhood school had low effect on child development with intra-class correlation= 10.09%.Conclusion: Early childhood development was influenced by nutritional status, dietary patterns, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, maternal employment, and family income. Early childhood education has contextual influence on child development.Keywords: child development, early childhood educationCorrespondence: Dinda Septiani Hardilla. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082373568987.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(2): 120-128https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.02.01