Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi UM Metro (Universitas Muhammadiyah)
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Driving and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
No full textAdults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from various impairments of cognitive, emotional and social functioning, which can have considerable consequences for many areas of daily living. One of those areas is driving a vehicle. Driving is an important activity of everyday life and requires an efficient interplay between multiple cognitive, perceptual, and motor skills. In the present study, a selective review of the literature on driving-related difficulties associated with ADHD is performed, seeking to answer whether individuals with ADHD show increased levels of unsafe driving behaviours, which cognitive (dys)functions of individuals with ADHD are related to driving difficulty, and whether pharmacological treatment significantly improves the driving behaviour of individuals with ADHD. The available research provides convincing evidence that individuals with ADHD have different and more adverse driving outcomes than individuals without the condition. However, it appears that not all individuals with ADHD are affected uniformly. Despite various cognitive functions being related with driving difficulties, these functions do not appear helpful in detecting high risk drivers with ADHD, nor in predicting driving outcomes in individuals with ADHD, since impairments in these functions are defining criteria for the diagnoses of ADHD (e.g., inattention and impulsivity). Pharmacological treatment of ADHD, in particular stimulant drug treatment, appears to be beneficial to the driving difficulties experienced by individuals with ADHD. However, additional research is needed, in particular further studies that address the numerous methodological weaknesses of many of the previous studies.</p
Fifth international state-of-the-art congress "Rehabilitation Mobility, Exercise & Sports":An overview
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Emissions trading for households?:A behavioral law and economics perspective
No full textThis is the first research article on expanding emissions trading in the EU to households in which law and economics is explicitly and systematically combined with behavioral science. The goal of the article is neither to plead in favor nor against emissions trading for households, but rather to provide an analysis of such a scheme. To that end, the article gathers relevant theoretical insights and discusses how established empirical findings can be used to design a potentially workable scheme. The analysis not only presents an overview of possible economic and behavioral barriers, but also creates a feedback to its institutional design by presenting possible solutions to overcome them. Downstream allocation creates a more direct and visible carbon incentive, whereas administrative costs can be reduced by concentrating monitoring and enforcement upstream. Behavioral acceptance can be boosted via strategic communication, for instance by stressing that emissions trading is both effective (emissions are capped) and fair (those who emit less, pay less). Energy conservation can be stimulated by frequently sending updates to households of their carbon transactions to make the consequences of their behavior more noticeable. Whether these necessary conditions are also sufficient to ensure political acceptance remains an open question
Religion and Theories of Action
No full text“Action” is one of those categories that seem simple at first glance but that become more and more difficult and complex the more we try to figure out what exactly we mean by it. If a person’s legs are moving, does this mean that this person moved her legs? And if she indeed moved her legs, was this an intentional action or did it sim-ply happen? And if she indeed performed an intentional action, was the reason for the action conscious to herself or can her intention only be reconstructed from outside? Simple cases such as this one have triggered theoretical thinking in various disciplines, from philosophy to behavioral science, to sociology and psychology. In all these disciplines, there is a tendency to differentiate “action” from “doing something,” “happening,” or “behavior”—differentiations usually made with reference to intentionality , reason , or agency . A certain behavior becomes “action” as soon as the actor is performing an intentional act that can be interpreted in a situational structure
Do Savings and Credit Institutions Reduce Vulnerability? New Evidence From Mexico
No full textThis study examines whether membership in a savings and credit society (SACP) reduces vulnerability to poverty, using a representative survey from the National Savings and Financial Services Bank. The sample of households includes those that are and are not members of a SACP during 2004−2007. This evidence indicates that membership improves income; furthermore, membership decreases the variance in annual household per capita income. Both effects reduce the probability that somebody becomes poor. Finally, the results offer support for the proposition that households that join a SACP have better abilities to smooth consumption in the face of adverse shocks, and thus are less susceptible to shocks, than do households that are not members
Mobbing in schools and hospitals in Uruguay:Prevalence and relation to loss of status
No full textIn the present study in secondary schools and hospitals in Uruguay (N = 187), we examined the relationship between feeling the victim of mobbing and a perceived loss of status. Nearly all forms of mobbing were more prevalent among hospital employees than among school employees. Among hospital employees, 40.4%, and among school employees, 23.9% reported being the victim of mobbing at least once a week. Being the victim of mobbing was, in both hospitals and schools, more prevalent among older employees, and in hospitals, among employees who were more highly educated and who had been employed for a longer time. Men and women did not differ in reporting that one was a victim of mobbing, but men reported more perceived loss of status than women. However, among women, being the victim of mobbing was much more strongly related to experiencing a loss of status than among men. Several explanations for this gender difference and the practical and theoretical implications of the results are discusse
Single implants in the aesthetic region preceded by local ridge augmentation; a 10-year randomized controlled trial
No full textOBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the 10-year effects of three different augmentation techniques (augmentation with chin bone, augmentation with chin bone plus a membrane and augmentation with a bone substitute plus a membrane) for implant-supported restorations in the maxillary aesthetic region regarding clinical and radiographic parameters, and patient-centred outcomes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three patients requesting single tooth replacement and presenting with a horizontal bone deficiency were included. After augmentation, 93 implants were placed. Clinical variables, standardized radiographs and photographs and patient questionnaires were analysed to assess the impact of the various augmentation techniques 1 month (T1 ), 12 months (T12 ) and 120 months (T120 ) after final crown placement.RESULTS: 10-years implant survival was 95.7% and did not differ between the groups neither were significant differences observed in the other treatment outcomes assessed. Peri-implant bone loss was low, viz. 0.48 ± 1.19 mm (mesial) and 0.30 ± 1.24 mm (distal) at T120 . Loss of midbuccal marginal gingival level at T120 was 0.32 ± 0.83 mm. Mean overall satisfaction at T120 was 8.6 with 98.6% of the patients satisfied.CONCLUSIONS: Clinical, radiographic, aesthetic and patient centred outcomes were very favourable after 10 years and did not differ between the groups with different bone augmentation techniques.</p