International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals
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The Impact of Innovative Marketing on Consumers’ Perception of Brand Value
Full text linkRapidly developing technological processes, the environment for innovation formed by economic globalization, and constantly changing consumer needs can encourage consideration of innovative solutions that would benefit both business and brand. In scientific literature, innovative solutions are studied through the benefits provided to business, and consumer value - in the context of company processes, e-stores and customers. We chose to conduct the study at the theoretical level, considering the goal of supplementing scientific databases with the links between two different concepts, namely innovative marketing solutions and consumers' perception of brand value. We will combine the links discovered to explain how innovative marketing solutions can affect consumers' perception of brand value. Based on the guidelines, we will propose strengthening brand value according to consumer value perception and by applying innovative solutions. To do this, in the first section of the study, we will determine the manifestation of innovative marketing solutions in the context of enhancing brand value. In the second, we will determine the criteria for consumers' perception of brand value. Thirdly, we will construct guidelines for the impact of innovative marketing solutions to strengthen brand value, based on consumers' perception of brand value criteria. Research objective: to substantiate at the theoretical level how innovative marketing solutions can affect consumers' perception of brand value by constructing guidelines for the impact of innovative marketing solutions. Research object: the impact of innovative marketing solutions on consumers' perception of brand value. Research problem: How innovative marketing solutions can affect consumers' perception of brand value? Theoretical data collection methods: document (scientific literature) analysis. Methods for processing theoretical data: comparison and generalization Keywords: Innovative Marketing Solutions, Brand Value, Consumer perception DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/17-7-08 Publication date:August 31st 202
Institutional Barriers and Policy Constraints to Credit Access Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Kenya: A Best Worst Scaling Approach
Full text linkThis study aimed to identify and prioritize institutional barriers and policy constraints affecting access to credit among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. The research was conducted in Rongai sub-county of Nakuru County, targeting smallholder dairy farmers who play a central role in the country’s milk production. Primary data were collected from 298 farmers using semi-structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from relevant literature. A multistage sampling technique was employed, and the Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) Case 1 approach was applied to systematically rank the most and least limiting institutional and policy-related constraints. The findings revealed that high interest rates, collateral requirements, and inflexible repayment terms were the most critical barriers limiting farmers’ access to credit, while documentation and proximity to financial institutions were less constraining. The study concludes that institutional and policy-related challenges significantly impede smallholder farmers’ participation in formal credit markets. It recommends adopting flexible collateral options, digitizing and simplifying loan application processes, and investing in rural financial infrastructure and literacy to enhance credit accessibility. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and farmer organizations to design inclusive financial systems tailored to smallholder needs. Keywords: Credit access, institutional barriers, policy constraints, best-worst scaling, smallholder dairy farmer. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/16-6-06 Publication date:September 30th 202
Review on the role of agricultural extension services in improving farmers’ livelihoods in Ethiopia.
Full text linkAgricultural extension services have long been recognized as a transformative force in Ethiopia’s agrarian economy, playing a central role in enhancing the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. This review critically examines the historical evolution, operational mechanisms, and current performance of agricultural extension systems in Ethiopia. Despite extensive government investments and evolving models—from top-down interventions to participatory and pluralistic approaches—the impact of extension remains constrained by a multitude of systemic, institutional, and contextual challenges. These include low development agent (DA) capacity, weak farmer participation, insufficient funding, poor research-extension linkages, and recurring external shocks such as conflict, climate change, and macroeconomic instability. The study concludes that while extension services have positively influenced productivity, technology adoption, market access, and climate resilience, a transformative shift toward inclusive, well-funded, and adaptive extension systems is imperative. A future-focused extension system must integrate digital tools, climate-smart practices, and multi-stakeholder engagement to ensure sustainable agricultural development and resilient rural livelihoods in Ethiopia. Keywords: Agricultural extension, Ethiopia, farmers’ livelihoods, Role DOI: 10.7176/JESD/16-7-04 Publication date: October 31st 202
Media Framing of Climate Change in Kenyan Print Media: A Comparative Analysis of Daily Nation and Standard Newspapers
Full text linkThis study investigated the news coverage of climate change in Kenyan newspapers by comparing the Daily Nation and The Standard. The study uses a convergent mixed-methods design, which combines numerical analysis of 200 selected articles from 2018 to 2020 with information from semi-structured interviews with 10 journalists in the field and 5 experts on climate. Entman’s Framing Theory forms the basis of this study, suggesting that the media's selective picking and highlighting of certain aspects of reality shape public conversations. Significant differences in frame prevalence were assessed using chi-square tests, while the collected comments were analysed by thematic analysis. The research shows that newspapers consider climate change a key issue, but each paper takes a distinct approach to its discussion. Most of the Daily Nation’s coverage focuses on ways the government responds and on the impacts of its decisions. Whereas Global examines global effects, The Standard focuses on what happens within a community and shares personal stories. This illustrates that what gets reported about climate problems depends on the special interests of news outlets and media systems. It enriches research in environmental communication by demonstrating that the content in media shows can influence public attitudes, involvement in policy, and understanding of climate issues. It suggests that journalists in Kenya and around the world utilize scientific knowledge to help people gain a more comprehensive and responsible understanding of climate change issues. Key words: Framing, Climate change, Global effects DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/109-03 Publication date: October 31st 202
Ur Iraqi Portal for Government Digital Services: A Descriptive Analytical Study.
Full text linkIraq has undergone major changes since 2003 on several levels: political, social, economic, and technical. Successive Iraqi governments since 2003 have tried to keep pace with global technological developments in order to connect Iraqi society to these transformations. The emergence of what is known as e-government globally has encouraged successive Iraqi governments to keep pace with this development and provide services comparable to those available globally in order to facilitate the lives of Iraqi citizens who suffer from various economic, political, and social problems. Based on this, the Ur portal for Iraqi government digital services was established to serve as a digital bridge between citizens and government services. This research reviews this portal in terms of its technical components, services, and the challenges it faces. Keywords. Iraq, Ur portal, digital services, Iraqi digital government, digital transformation DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/15-2-10 Publication date: October 28th 202
Evaluation of the Financial Performance of Selected Private and Public Sector Banks: A Comparative Study of Afghanistan
Full text linkIn this paper, an attempt has been made to present a comparative analysis of the financial performance of three private and three public banks in Afghanistan over five years (2018–2022). Furthermore, the authors used secondary data from audited annual financial reports published by banks on their websites. Therefore, Key financial ratios—including Net Profit, Return on Long-Term Fund (ROLTF), Return on Net Worth, Return on Assets, Gross Profit, Return on Capital, and Return on Equity—were employed to assess performance differences between the two banking groups. In addition, the author used descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to examine the significance of observed differences. The study based on descriptive results indicated that public banks, on average, recorded higher Net Profit and Gross Profit than private banks; however, they also exhibited more significant variability in performance, suggesting financial inconsistency. The MANOVA results revealed no statistically significant multivariate differences between public and private banks, although small to moderate effect sizes were observed for some indicators. In addition, Levene's Test highlighted significant differences in Net Profit and Gross Profit variances, indicating uneven financial stability between the two groups. Also, the author used the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects to confirm that none of the individual financial ratios showed statistically significant differences. The study found that while public banks may demonstrate higher average profitability, the financial performance between public and private banks in Afghanistan does not differ significantly statistically. Keywords: Afghanistan, Financial Performance, Private Bank, Public Bank DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/16-4-04 Publication date: May 30th 202
Unconditional Transfers: An Important Instrument of Local Public Finance
Full text linkThis study analyzes the role of unconditional transfers as an important instrument for financial management at the local level, using empirical data and findings from previous studies identified through a literature review. Unconditional transfers, as a significant form of financial intergovernmental transfers, are critical for assessing the central government's impact on local development. An in-depth analysis of the unconditional transfer formula, which includes the decentralization of functions and the distribution of grants, represents an essential tool for evaluating their effect on public services. The unconditional transfer is about 1% of the Gross Domestic Product in Albania and the study of the mechanisms of distribution of this fund is very important to scientifically argue its impact on the well-being of citizens. This study includes all 61 municipalities established under the new administrative-territorial reform of 2015 and aims to assess both the effectiveness and equity of the unconditional transfer distribution formula. It examines how a fair allocation of unconditional transfers influences the quality of public services and contributes to improving investments at the local government level. The study is grounded in existing literature on this mechanism and draws upon the experiences of countries with characteristics similar to Albania, offering a scientific analysis of the unconditional transfer formula and the factors it should incorporate. The results of this study clearly identify the key factors in the unconditional transfer formula and its impact on the progress of decentralization reforms, offering scientifically grounded recommendations for improving public policies and enhancing the effectiveness of unconditional transfer distribution. Keywords: Unconditional Transfers, Public Finance, Local Government, Decentralization JEL Classification: H72; H73; H75 DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/16-4-05 Publication date: May 30th 2025
Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee Effectiveness and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Non-Financial Companies Listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange.
Full text linkReal earnings management has gained attention due to financial fraud stemming from distorted reporting and misrepresentation of firm value. Opportunistic managers may exploit reporting to enhance personal gain, making detection challenging as it involves legitimate operational decisions, like changing production or discretionary spending, which can mislead shareholders and hinder firm growth. To better understand and address this important issue, the study set out to investigate the mediating effect of audit committee effectiveness (ACE) on the relationship between managerial ownership structure (OS) and real earnings management (REM). The study's specific objectives were to determine the effect of managerial ownership structure and real earnings management, besides the mediating role of audit committee effectiveness on the link between managerial ownership structure and real earnings management. The study was guided by stakeholders’ theory and it employed an explanatory research design alongside a panel data approach to survey non-financial firms listed on the NSE that met the set inclusion criteria. The research population included 40 listed non-financial firms, with the focus narrowed to 26 firms that operated continuously between 2008 and 2023, resulting in a total of 416 firm-year observations. Secondary data extracted from financial reports were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Audit committee effectiveness was found to mediate the relationship between managerial ownership and real earnings management. The study results specifically indicate a positive and significant effect of managerial ownership on real earnings management (β= 0.781, p<0.05), and audit committee effectiveness partially mediates the relationship between managerial ownership and real earnings management (β= -0.365, p<0.05). The study finds that managerial ownership structure is associated with increased real earnings management. While audit committee effectiveness partially mediates the relationship between managerial ownership and real earnings management. These findings align with stakeholder theory, highlighting the critical role of ownership structure and governance mechanisms in enhancing financial reporting quality. Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Real earnings management, Audit committee effectiveness DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/16-5-01 Publication date: June 30th 202
Enhancing Academic Performance: Exploring Effective Aid Intervention for Ghanaian Students
Full text linkThe goal of this project is to find efficient aid initiatives that could improve educational outcomes by examining the academic performance of Ghanaian students. The study looks at the various issues facing the education system, such as poor infrastructure, a lack of trained teachers, and restricted access to resources, especially in rural regions, amid increasing concerns over Ghana's low academic accomplishment. To identify the causes of poor academic achievement, the research uses a secondary data analysis approach, consulting academic records, educational policy documents, and relevant literature. The results draw attention to important problems such low socioeconomic status, a lack of educational resources, and the vital role of good teachers. The study also assesses how foreign aid has affected education, showing how it has been crucial in supporting efforts for school meals, teacher training, and infrastructure development that have been proved to raise student achievement. Recommendations for comprehensive aid interventions tailored to the specific needs of Ghanaian students are proposed, emphasizing sustainable solutions that address both access and quality in education. This study adds to the continuing discussion about educational reforms in Ghana by providing information that could help with resource allocation and policy changes meant to improve the country's educational system. Keywords: Academic Performances, Aid Intervention, Ghana, Educational Reforms, Student Outcome DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-6-03 Publication date: June 30th 202
GAMIFYING ENGLISH VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION: An Experience in Back-draw Vocabulary Game
Full text linkThis study determined the effect back-draw vocabulary game on students’ achievement in English vocabulary. It also examined gender difference in vocabulary achievement of students exposed to back-draw vocabulary game. The study the pretest-posttest control group, quasi-experimental research design. The instruments used for collecting data were English Vocabulary Achievement Test(r=0.78) and instructional guide containing lesson steps of Back-draw vocabulary game. The intervention lasted four weeks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in vocabulary achievement of students exposed to vocabulary games and those in the control group (t(1;181) t= 8.59; p<.05). Students in the experimental group (15.36) obtained a higher mean score than the control group (10.96). The study recommended that Gamification and Game-based learning should be adopted in teaching other aspects of English Language like summary, essay, and phonics. Keywords: Gamification, Game-based learning, Draw-back, Vocabulary instruction Achievement DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-7-03 Publication date: July 30th 202