International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals
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Parents’ Perceptions of the Importance of Sibling Participation in Intervention-Based Activities for Children with Hearing Disabilities
Full text linkThis research assessed the perception of parents about siblings’ participation in intervention-based activities for individuals with hearing disabilities. It sought to understand what specific intervention-based activities facilitate the development of communication skills from the parents’ perception. The study employed a qualitative methodology, utilizing a case study that combined semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Six parents of hearing children and hearing disabilities from Saudi Arabia were chosen using non-probability sampling. The findings regarding the aforementioned question suggested that parents realized the importance of interaction between their hearing children and those with hearing disabilities. They underscored that such interactions play an imperative role in the growth of communication skills. Regarding the question of what intervention-based activities these children can participate in, the findings suggested that daily activities, basic activities for learning, and skills-based activities helped children with hearing disabilities develop communication skills. The researchers recommended conducting further research to substantiate these results. Keywords: intervention-based activities, siblings’ participation, communication skills, hearing disabilities DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-7-11 Publication date: July 30th 202
Analyzing the Relationship Between Carbon Emissions Reduction Strategies and Financial Performance in Multinationals
Full text linkThis study investigates the relationship between carbon emissions reduction strategies and short-term financial performance in multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in North America. By utilizing panel data from 103 firms over the period 2013 to 2023, the research employs dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques. The analysis reveals a statistically significant negative impact of emissions reduction efforts on short-term firm value, measured by Tobin’s Q (β = -1.411, p < 0.01). These results suggest that while carbon reduction initiatives are essential for long-term environmental sustainability, they impose immediate financial costs and operational restructuring that can reduce firm market valuation in the short term. Additionally, firm-level characteristics significantly mediate this impact. Specifically, firm size (β = 2.324, p < 0.05), capital intensity (β = –0.355, p < 0.05), and leverage (β = 1.745, p < 0.05) demonstrate a nuanced relationship between firm structure and the financial implications of environmental strategies. Model diagnostics confirm robustness: all Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values are below 5, indicating no multicollinearity among explanatory variables. Furthermore, the Arellano-Bond test confirms no first-order serial correlation in the differenced residuals (AR (2) m-statistic = –1.253, p = 0.2102 > 0.05), validating the GMM model specification. The findings underscore the importance of complementary policy measures—such as financial incentives, regulatory clarity, and transitional support frameworks—to mitigate short-term financial disincentives for firms adopting emissions reduction strategies. These insights offer valuable guidance to policymakers, institutional investors, and corporate managers navigating the balance between environmental responsibility and financial accountability. Keywords: Carbon Emissions, Emissions Reduction Strategies, Financial Performance, Multinational Corporations, Sustainability, and Corporate Environmental Responsibility DOI: 10.7176/JESD/16-4-09 Publication date: June 30th 202
Constitutions without Constitutionalism
Full text linkEvery matured legal system should aspire to embrace the principle of constitutionalism. It represents a sound hope for a government with justiciable limits on the exercise of legal power. On that account, a mockery of this idea by political actors is a danger to legal restraints on the exercise of power and a potential threat or death to the ideals of human rights. While this clamor for the utility of constitutionalism in the life of states lingers on, how such an ideal is to be conceived and provided for by the legal rules of states remains a fertile area for normative questions. For instance, will the existence of a written constitution in a given state presuppose the existence of constitutionalism in that state? Differently put, does the idea of constitutionalism necessarily emanates from the idea of a written constitution? This paper takes the view that the mere existence of a written constitution does not necessarily signal the existence of the principle of constitutionalism in that state. KEYWORDS: Constitution, Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, Judicial Review, Human Rights, Separation of Powers, Judicial Independence, Democracy, Limited Government. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/148-02 Publication date: June 28th 202
The international criminal responsibility of a journalist for inciting the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity: A case study on Ukraine and Palestine
Full text linkThe research aims to evaluate the criminal responsibilities at the international level of a journalist in cases inciting crimes mainly against humanity as well as the significant commission of war crimes by providing the case context of Palestine and Ukraine. For example, according to the literature review, it can be stated that within Ukraine, the war crimes committers, as well as the aggression crimes, are included within the similarity-worded provision of the “Ukrainian Criminal Code”. In the case of collecting the data to meet the research aim, mainly the “secondary qualitative data” collection and even the case study analysis by conduction of themes had been done. The result of this paper stated that due to the crime-related learnings among the journalists and not following the ICC law influenced them to incite the “crime against humanity” and even war crimes. In conclusion, this result recommends that they evaluate the crime in depth alignment with the “International Law” both in Palestine and in Ukraine. Keywords: “International criminal responsibility”, “crimes against humanity”, “commission of war crimes”, Ukraine, Palestine, Civilians, violence DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/148-03 Publication date: June 28th 202
Key Factors Influencing Breeding Seasons of Insectivorous African Passerines in a Guinea Savanna Habitat, Central Nigeria
Full text linkFood and weather variables are known to be important factors influencing life history activities such as breeding in organisms. Studies that highlight these interactions are particularly needed in rapidly changing ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities. Our study determined breeding seasons of insectivorous African passerines in relation to insect prey abundance and diversity, temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in Pandam Game Reserve (PGR), (08°40’N 09°03’E) central Nigeria. Breeding seasons of insectivorous African passerines were determined by observing for brood patches in birds from five constant effort bird trapping sites and breeding behaviours on five line transects of 1000 m. Aerial insects were collected from 50 points at 100 m sections on the five line transects using sweep net of 35 cm diameter and pore size of 1mm2. Monthly records of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were also collected. Mean number of breeding insectivorous African passerines per month were compared using one sample T-test. Effects of insect abundance and diversity, temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on breeding insectivorous African passerines were tested using Generalised Linear Model (GLM). Results showed significant difference in mean number of breeding insectivorous African passerines per month. Highest breeding activities were observed between June and October with peak in October; this mirrored the trend of insect abundance across months. Temperature and humidity had significant effects on insect abundance and diversity respectively, highest insect diversity index (H) was recorded in January. The study concludes that insectivorous African passerines probably breed all year round in PGR, however, breeding of many of the species peak in the wet season between June and October. This is likely influenced by high insect prey abundance in wet season indirectly affected by temperature and humidity two important factors determining habitat productivity. Keywords: Breeding season, Insectivorous African Passerine, Breeding behavior, Pandam Game Reserve DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/16-2-02 Publication date: July 30th 202
In Vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes from Young leave base
Full text linkCallus initiation and regeneration of plantlets in wheat can be held by different types of explants. Monocots are less responsive to in vitro regeneration, partly due to the fact that in cereals cells and immature or young tissues can respond efficiently to regeneration. Young leave base of three wheat genotypes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D for callus induction, 1.0 mg/l Kinetin for shoot regeneration and half strength MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) for root regeneration. In vitro culture response of the genotypes varied from each other and was influenced by the genotypes. Among the genotypes G3 had the highest callusing ability (66.67%) followed by G1 (50.95%). Similarly G3 had the highest shoot and root regeneration frequency of 65.63 % and 86.11 % respectively. Overall, G3 had the highest callus induction, shoot and root regeneration capacity; therefor G3 is a best for transformation. Keywords: Callus, Bread wheat, In vitro, Regeneration. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/16-2-04 Publication date: July 30th 202
Conventional and Molecular Improvement of Maize for Drought Tolerance
Full text linkMaize is an important staple crop for food, feed, bioenergy and industrial products globally. Despite the importance of maize as a principal food crop in developing countries, drought is a major constraint that affects maize production, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where maize is grown under rainfed conditions. Plant breeders have been striving to improve and develop drought-tolerant variety. Nevertheless, these efforts still cannot meet the demand for food security due to fast population growth and climatic change. Conventional maize breeding for drought tolerance follows diverse approach includes recurrent selection, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, and subsequently evaluating inbred lines and hybrids at optimum conditions, managed screening site and random stress across multiple environments. Molecular markers were used to select donor parents with drought-adaptive alleles and then integrated into elite maize lines to create a new population of drought-tolerant maize inbred lines and subsequently used to develop hybrids maize tolerance to drought stress. Key words: Secondary traits, molecular markers, drought -adaptive alleles, maize DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/15-2-04 Publication date: July 30th 2025
Preparing for the End— Logistical Insights from the Preppers
Full text linkSince the 1980s, the rise of preppers has revealed a distinctive form of individual mobilization in anticipation of systemic crises—geopolitical, economic, or climatic. Frequently caricatured, preppers construct original and self-reliant supply chains that operate independently of institutional systems. Far from being improvised, their practices are guided by a rigorous logistical rationality: anticipatory stockpiling, discreet sourcing strategies, the pursuit of energy autonomy, and more. This article offers a new interpretation of prepping practices, situating them within a broader genealogy of alternative resistance forms that, while historically recurrent, have been largely overlooked in logistics research. By shifting the analytical lens to the margins, we examine how new relationships to uncertainty are crafted—often in isolation—challenging dominant frameworks. In doing so, we highlight modes of logistics without visible infrastructure, rooted in crisis imaginaries and self-protection strategies. Through the case of preppers, this article invites a reconsideration of the interplay between logistics management, power, and vulnerability, incorporating organizational forms that proactively anticipate collapse rather than merely endure it. Keywords: Collapse, History, Logistics, Preparedness, Preppers, Resilience, Resistance, Survivalism DOI: 10.7176/HRL/56-01 Publication date: July 30th 202
Unequal Workload Distribution in Law Enforcement: Barriers and Implications for Employee Performance
Full text linkWorkload distribution plays a critical role in the functioning of law enforcement agencies, where high-pressure environments and rigid hierarchies often result in task imbalances. In many such organizations, systemic and interpersonal dynamics contribute to unequal task allocation, undermining employee well-being and operational efficiency. This qualitative study explores the systemic and interpersonal barriers contributing to unequal workload distribution within a hierarchical law enforcement agency and examines their effects on employee performance. Drawing from nine semi-structured interviews with non-supervisory personnel, the research identifies two core themes: structural inefficiencies and interpersonal challenges. Structural barriers include inconsistent task allocation, role ambiguity, and operational inefficiencies that result in overburdened employees and heightened stress. Interpersonal challenges involve lack of recognition and strained supervisor relationships, further affecting morale and productivity. The findings highlight the need for equitable task distribution frameworks, improved communication practices, and leadership development initiatives. This study contributes to the field of workforce management by offering actionable insights tailored to structured and high-stakes environments such as law enforcement Keywords: workload distribution, employee performance, law enforcement DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/15-2-01 Publication date: May 30th 202
Implementation of the Street Vendor Regulation Policy in the Sungai Durian Market Area Sintang District
Full text linkThe implementation of the policy for managing street vendors is regulated based on regional regulations regarding the determination of the regional spatial plan for Sintan City, the prohibition on building buildings on Wirapati Street, the Durian River terminal, Brigjen Katamso Street on the edge of the Kapuas River, and Colonel Sugiono Street; regarding fees for constructing buildings; and regarding the prohibition on selling outside of places such as sidewalks and sides of main roads in the Sintang District area. The policy for regulating street vendors, among other things, stipulates that every street vendor is required to have a location use permit and an identity card from the Regent or an appointed official, and every street vendor is prohibited from carrying out business activities in places outside the designated location. Based on data from the Office of Industry, Trade, Cooperatives and SMEs from 2014 to 2020, the number of street vendors recorded in Sintang District was 390 people, of which 290 people were in places that were not the designated locations and 100 people were in the locations that had been provided. The conclusion on the policy aspect can be said that at the implementation level, it was considered a failure because it did not receive support from street vendors. Then the implementor must have responsibility and commitment to implement the PKL structuring policy well in accordance with the policy achievement targets. Experience in structuring street vendors, whatever the bitterness in relation to economic growth, is a positive input to improve the ability to enforce legal order. The suggestions conveyed require coordination, availability of resources to support action in the field, equal treatment of target groups in structuring, and the need for a socialisation strategy for PKL structuring policies. Keywords: Implementation, Policy, Arrangement, Traders DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/15-2-04 Publication date: May 30th 202