International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals
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The Nature of Judge's Belief in Criminal Case Verdict
Full text linkThe judiciary is a state institution that has the main task to examine, hear, decide and resolve cases submitted by citizens. Dispute resolution through the judiciary will only run well, if all parties involved in it, both litigants and judges themselves follow the rules of the game honestly in accordance with existing regulations. Legal proof in a criminal case is a process to convince a judge of the truth of an event that is the basis of a claim or defense in an applicable law. The purpose of legal proof is to reach a verdict that is fair, true and in accordance with the facts and the law. That the judge may not impose a sentence on someone, unless he has two valid evidence, so that he obtains a conviction that a crime has actually occurred and the defendant is guilty of doing it. Therefore, legal proof requires an increase in the quality, professionalism and integrity of judges. The methods used are philosophical approach, conceptual approach and case approach. By looking at whether our procedural law is still relevant to the existing cases, then how to solve the problem with the views and doctrines that develop in the science of criminal procedure law. Legal proof in criminal cases is also closely related to the judge's belief, so the judge is obliged to apply the decision rationally, objectively, according to the juridical facts at trial and consider the value of justice, benefit and legal certainty for the justice-seeking community. Keywords: Judge's Conviction, Criminal Verdict, Law of Evidence DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/145-02 Publication date: January 30th 202
The Place of Prosecutorial Duty to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence during Pretrial in Ethiopian Criminal Justice System
Full text linkThis article explores the place of Prosecutorial Duty to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence in Criminal Proceeding in Ethiopian Criminal Justice System. It is intended to show whether or not the public prosecutor has a substantive obligation to disclose exculpatory evidence to the defendant in the current criminal justice system of Ethiopia. After a thorough analysis of the existing relevant provisions of the FDRE constitution, Anti- Corruption Proclamation, the 1961 Criminal Procedure Code, FDRE Criminal Justice Policy and the Draft Criminal Procedure Code, the article finally concludes that (1) the scope of the obligation resting on the prosecutor to disclose exculpatory material is not sufficiently defined, articulated , and regulated under existing legal regime, (2) the prosecutorial duty to disclose exculpatory evidences in the pretrial stage is totally not yet regulated under the existing legal regime , & (3) the draft criminal procedure code is not sufficient to give a full pledged protection to the defendants right to access any prosecution evidences /incriminating or exonerating / in the pretrial stage of the proceeding. Based on the above findings, the writer recommends that draft criminal procedure and evidence law should clearly include provisions that sufficiently define prosecutorial duty to disclose any evidence (incriminating and exonerating), form of disclosure and enforcement mechanisms whenever the Prosecutor violates its obligation in the pretrial stage. Besides, Article 20/4/ of the FDRE constitution should also be interpreted in light of the international human right standard so that the defendant will access any evidence in the possession of the prosecution in pretrial stage. Keywords: Prosecutorial Duty to Disclose, Exculpatory Evidence, Criminal Proceeding, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/147-01 Publication date: March 28th 202
Shareholder Rights in a Digital Age: The Ghana Experience
Full text linkShareholders represent an important organ in the affairs of a company. Over the years the courts have upheld the rights of shareholders in the management and running of the company. In recent times, the availability and application of technology has affected how shareholders assert and enforce their rights within the company. Recent events associated with the Covid-19 pandemic in Ghana has stretched shareholder rights and their ability to function vis-à-vis the functions of the directors of the company. This paper discusses the rights of the shareholders in the digital age and looks at how the digitalization policy of the government of Ghana as well as the events of covid -19 have affected shareholder rights in Ghana. The methodology used for this study is to analyze the current legal provisions on shareholder rights in the lights of the digitalization drive of the government of Ghana and directives issued by the Registrar of Companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper finds that both the digitalization drive of the government of Ghana and the directives from the Registrar of Companies have improved shareholder rights. However, there are still a lot more reforms in the area of providing clear legislative and administrative guidelines to ensure an enhanced shareholder rights within the company. Keywords: shareholder rights, technology, digitalization, corporate reform, Ghana, Covid-19. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/147-03 Publication date: March 28th 202
Design a Treatment Unit to Remove Nitrates from Groundwater Using Waste of Zero Iron
Full text linkIn this study, a treatment unit was designed to remove nitrate ions from groundwater using zero iron taken from waste. The various conditions for the nitrate return reaction with zero iron were studied and the best conditions were determined to obtain a high removal yield, which was to conduct the treatment in an acidic medium pH = 2 and add. Zero iron, with a granular size of 75µm, at a concentration of 8g/L for 120 min at normal temperature, where the removal rate reached more than 93% when using synthetic water with an initial nitrate concentration of 150ppm. The treatment unit for removing nitrates in the research gave high effectiveness, as the unit includes a tank for removing nitrates with zero iron within the conditions that were deduced, followed by a tank for removing ammonium ions resulting from the first stage, then a filtration stage using a sand filter, and finally a tank for mixing the treated water with quantities determined from untreated raw water to obtain an appropriate residual level of nitrate ions. By treating a well water sample with a nitrate concentration of 64 ppm with the proposed unit, drinking water was obtained containing acceptable levels of nitrates of 38 ppm and almost free of ammonium, and without the secondary treatment products affecting the water specifications significantly, according to the Syrian Standard Specifications for Drinking Water No. 45 of 2007. Keywords Nitrates, Zero iron, water treatment DOI: 10.7176/CMR/17-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 202
Examining the Entrepreneurial Knowledge of Undergraduate Social Studies students of University of Education, Winneba
Full text linkSocial Studies as a programme of study prepares learners with the competencies to solve personal and societal issues of human survival. In lieu of that, various courses have been mounted to equip learners with appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes that are vital in tackling issues of human survival. One of such courses is entrepreneurship which is expected to equip learners with entrepreneurial knowledge and skills that are germane to solving issues related with unemployment. This study examined the entrepreneurial knowledge of undergraduate Social Studies teacher-trainees of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW). This was a mixed study that adopted the convergent parallel mixed method as a design for the study. A sample size of seven hundred and fifty (750) respondents was comprehensively selected for the study. Out of the 750, twenty-one (21) of the participants were conveniently selected for the qualitative data. Questionnaire and interview guide were used in gathering the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Qualitative data were analysed under the various themes generated from the data gathered. The quantitative data were, however, analysed through the generation of descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, means, percentages and standard deviations. Findings from the study indicated that Social Studies undergraduate student-teacher trainees of UEW possess adequate entrepreneurial knowledge that could be translated into practical entrepreneurial activities in the future. Keywords: Entrepreneurial knowledge, undergraduate student-teacher trainees DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/15-2-03 Publication date: February 28th 202
Visual Enlightenment and Image Education: A Study of Image Narration and the Reconstruction of National Character in Picture Primers of the Republican Era—Based on the Digital Compilation of Books Collected by Anhui University
Full text linkThe Republican era marked a pivotal period of societal transition in China, moving from tradition to modernity. As a crucial medium for children's education, the illustrated primers of the time reflected not only the evolution of educational philosophies but also served as a visual manifestation of the reshaping of national identity. This study examines eight illustrated primers from the Republican era, preserved at Anhui University. Employing digital methodologies and image narrative theory, it investigates how images, through symbolic systems and the integration of text and visuals, contributed to the construction of national identity. The research reveals that during this period of societal transformation, these primers utilized advancements in printing technology to translate traditional ethics and modern values into accessible visual symbols, thereby establishing a path of "visual enlightenment" in education. Through the implicit influence of image narratives, these primers instilled cultural values within children's cognitive frameworks, achieving the goal of reshaping national identity. In the contemporary context, the integration of digital technology offers new possibilities for children's enlightenment education, necessitating the use of cross-media narratives and interactive design to enhance educational outcomes. Keywords: Republican-era primers，digitization，national identity reconstruction，visual enlightenment DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/15-3-04 Publication date: April 28th 202
Urban Expansion Dynamics and its Contributing Factors in Case of Durame Town, Central Ethiopia Region
Full text linkThe major objective of this study is to examine urban expansion dynamics and its contributing factors in case of Durame Town, Central Ethiopia Region. A descriptive research design was used in the study, by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was gathered from primary and secondary sources. The target population consists of households. Both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling techniques were used for this study. To gather data, various methods were utilized, including questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, desk reviews, and field observations. Questionnaires were used to collect data from households, aiming to determine the contributing factors of urban expansion. Using the Likert scale, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (Version 25.0) was used to analyze the gathered data. Additionally, Landsat images from the United States Geological Survey were analyzed using a supervised classification technique in geographical information system software (Version 10.7) to measure the historical growth of urban expansion. The findings of the study on Durame town's urban expansion the factors contributing to this expansion are ranked as follows in terms of their contribution, from highest to lowest: Land use policy and urban planning, Land values, Physical factors, Economic factors, Infrastructure factors, Technological factors, Neighborhood factors, Proximity factors, Industrialization factors, and Climate factors. The annual average rate of urban expansion in Durame town from 1994 to 2024 is 21.41%. The expansion of Durame town has resulted in significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, loss of farmland, and encroachment on wetlands, degradation, and pollution. Future studies should address limitations by incorporating urban expansion modeling and investigating factors such as cultural diversity, social cohesion, governance structures, population dynamics, and migration patterns. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of urban development. Keywords: Contributing Factors; Impact of Urban Expansion, Land Use Land Cover; Urban Expansion Dynamics; Urban Expansion DOI: 10.7176/CER/17-1-01 Publication date: January 31st 202
Determinants and effects of off-farm participation on income diversification among farmers households in hadiya zone, Central Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study was analyze the determinants and effects of off-farm participation on income diversification among farmer’s households in selected districts in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia using cross-section data. Primary data were collected from 260 sample respondents using simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the sample households by table, figure and percentage. Probit model and PSM were used for estimation of determinant participation of rural households in off-farm activities and impact level of annual income from off -farm activities. The result of factors affecting participation of rural households in non-farm activities indicate access to credit, access to road services, access for telephone service, access to medical facilities and nutritional status had a positive effect on off-farm participation of households at 1% significant level and also age of respondents, education status, family size, farm size and demand for product had a positive effect on off-farm participation of households at 5% and 10% significant level. The infrastructure development of the study area is below average in researcher observation. Therefore, road construction, electricity and telephone services should be developed in order to facilitate annual income households and participate off-farm activities to improve their welfare. Finally, there should be policy and program intervention to facilitate and stimulate participation of rural household in off-farm activities due to non-farm activities has play a great role for increasing rural employment and improving wellbeing of the rural household. Key words: average income, off-farm activities, Probit model , Prosperity Score Matching, welfare DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/84-04 Publication date: January 31st 202
The Effect of Project Vital Activities on Project and the Mediating Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Government Building Construction Projects
Full text linkThis research article aims to analysis the effect of project vital activities (Corruption, political intervention, and Risk mitigation) on project performance through stakeholder engagement in Building construction projects. The research follows a mixed approach, utilizing structured questions, and interview as the primary method of data collection. The research design was descriptive and explanatory. The target population consists of ten building construction projects, with a total of 1110 individuals those actively participate on the project when the research movement. A stratified sampling strategy had employed to conduct a sample size of 222 participants. And for interview purposive sampling was conducted to select 4 from the stratified sample size of the research. Primary data collected through structured interviews with project managers, contractors, government officials, and key stakeholders. The collected data processed and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS software and SPSS v26 software was used for analysis of the data. The research findings show that in building construction projects project vital activities which are project risk mitigation, political intervention, and Corruption has a significant effect on project performance through stakeholder engagement. The researcher recommends that there should attention for both stakeholder engagement and anticorruption rules and regulation for risk mitigation and better project performance. Keywords: Stakeholder engagement, Risk mitigation, Political Intervention, corruption, project vital activities DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/74-03 Publication date: January 30th 202
Parenting Styles and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Addressing Research Gaps in Developmental Psychology Within the USA
Full text linkThis study explores the intersection of parenting styles and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within the context of developmental psychology in the United States. ADHD, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, significantly impacts children and their families, with parenting styles playing a critical role in shaping symptoms, behaviors, and long-term outcomes. Despite substantial research on ADHD, gaps remain in understanding the nuanced interactions between parenting practices and child development, particularly across diverse social and economic contexts. This paper reviews existing literature, identifies research deficiencies, and proposes a multidisciplinary framework to inform culturally relevant and evidence-based interventions. By emphasizing the bidirectional influence between children’s behaviors and parenting styles, the study advocates for targeted strategies to enhance family functioning and improve outcomes for children with ADHD. Future directions for research and practical implications are discussed to address these gaps and advance developmental psychology's contributions to ADHD management. KEYWORDS: Psychology, ADHD, Parenting styles, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Families, Bidirectional Influences, ADHD outcomes, and Child Behavior DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/119-01 Publication date: January 30th 202