Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews (PJSRR - Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM)
Not a member yet
65 research outputs found
Sort by
Nitric oxide and Its Important Role in Plant Defence
Get PDFNitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological processes in both animals and plants. The bioactivity of NO is mainly transduced via post-translational modification of cysteine residues of proteins termed S-nitrosylation. Interestingly, a number of key regulatory components in plant defense responses have been found to be regulated by S-nitrosylation making this type of protein modification an important modulator of plant immunity. As a signaling molecule, NO intimately interact with other important molecules such as reactive oxygen species. Since the identification of NO in plants, increasing number of papers isbeing published in the area of NO biology each year. Here, a collection of papers describing the role of NO in plant immunity has been brought together to provide a bird's-eye view on the focus area
Citrus Bent Leaf Viroid
Get PDFCitrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) from genus Apscaviroid, is one of the widely distributed viroids among the seven citrus viroids. It is comprised of three variants: Citrus viroid-Ia (CVd-Ia) (327 - 329 nucleotides), Citrus viroid-Ib (CVd-Ib) (315 - 319 nucleotides) and Citrus viroid-I-low sequence similarity (CVd-I-LSS) (325 - 330 nucleotides). Virulence of CBLVd totally expressed on citrus plants. Etrog citron (Citrus medica (L.)) coinfected with CBLVd, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus viroid-III (CVd-III) and Citrus viroid-V (CVd-V) showed epinasty, leaf rolling, and stunting. CBLVd has been reported to reduce the canopy proportion and fruit production of citrus trees inserted on trifoliate orange rootstock. Moreover, citrus tree infected with singly CBLVd or in combinations with CEVd, Hop stunt viroid (CVd-II) and CVd-III induced dwarfing have been associated with poor development of the root system. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification and multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MRT-PCR) amplification have been widely used to detect citrus viroids including CBLVd. As citrus viroids are emerging threats in citrus groves, therefore, this review covers the evolution, geographical distribution and epidemiology, economic impact and symptomatology, host range and transmission, detection, and management will be helpful in formulating the integrated management strategies for CBLVd
The Various Effects of Nigella Sativa on Multiple Body Systems in Human and Animals
Get PDFNigella sativa (Black seeds) has been recognized as one of the most popular herbs in many parts of the world for centuries. It was used in the world as folk medicine to cure different kinds of diseases. This plant has been considered as one of the main sources of nutrition and healthcare for humans as well as animals. It has been perceived as Kalonji; it is a southwest Asian plant that flowers annually. The seeds and oil of this plant have been used in food; in addition, it has a long history in the making of medicines. In addition to its being a model plant for better realization of gene and chromosome relationship, the plant species is also significant cytogenetically. Plant based system has not been absorbed fully for human health care despite the remarkable advancements in the field of pharmacology. Cumin, as one of the medicinal plants gifted to humans by nature, has a number of potential uses. It has been proved to be a useful herbal medicines that can be used for human health and therefore has been extensively studied and investigated to further discover the advantages of this plant
What Has Been Done to Tackle Overweight and Obesity in Malaysia?: A Literature Review (2005 – 2015)
Get PDFAs reported by the World Health Organisation, Malaysia is the fattest country (Malaysian adults with the highest prevalence of overweight, body mass index equal or more than 25kg/m2) among the Southeast Asia. Among others, obesity is a leading contributor of non-communicable diseases (e.g., type II diabetes and cancer). This article aims to review the exiting weight management programmes targeting overweight and obese adults in Malaysia from 2005 to 2015. EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed were used to search for the published literature. Out of 544 articles, eight articles were selected for this review. Components of the intervention programmes in this review were: “spirituality-based programmes”, “dietary-based and physical activity programmes” and “diet, physical activity and behaviour modification-oriented programmes”. The findings from this review could be useful for future intervention efforts in an attempt to address such issues in Malaysia. Weight management or weight reduction intervention can be conducted among overweight or obese Malaysian adults in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, therefore reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Malaysia
Phenol Toxicity and Remediation
Get PDFWidespread applications of phenol in manufacturing industries and oil refinerieshaveresulted in unprecedented leakageof phenol into the environment. Its toxicity, remediation methods and degradation pathways were outlined in this review. Upon contact or ingestion, phenolcausesserious health effects such as tissuenecrosis and cardiac arrhythmia. Plantsexposed to phenolhavereducedseed germination index, inhibitedgrowthoreven fatality. There are many technologies currently practised to remediate phenol pollutionsuch asphysicochemical methods(adsorption to activated carbon and chemical oxidation), biological methods (biodegradation by bacteriaor fungus,andsoil bioaugmentation),and phytoremediation method (using hairy rootsof plants). As physicochemicaland microbial phenol degradation are destructive and costly, phytoremediation is widely studied as an alternative phenol remediator which is environmental friendly and cost-effective.Microorganisms can detoxify the aromatic xenobiotic through the aerobic or anaerobic pathway. Aerobic degradation of phenol is througheitherthe meta-or ortho-pathway of catechol cleavage while anaerobic degradation occurs through the benzoate pathway. In plants, degradation of phenol is also through catechol cleavage as in microorganisms. However, different enzyme systems areutilisedin the differentpathways involved
Immunoprophylaxis: A Better Alternative Protective Measure against Shrimp Vibriosis – A Review
Get PDFAquaculture, especially shrimp production is the world`s fastest growing food production industry, due to increased demands for seafood. Conceivably, disease outbreak is the major setback which brings about high mortality and reduction or loss of production. The conventional use of antibiotics both prophylactically and therapeutically had recently not only been ineffective but incriminated, in drug residue which poise danger to consumption by humans. Hence, a better alternative was importantly required. The use of Immunoprophylaxis has potential of being a safety measure in the prevention of outbreak of diseases or spread of already established disease in aquatic invertebrates, where the shrimps and prawns belong. Immunoprophylaxis includes the prevention of disease by production of passive immunity. The major infectious agents that are responsible for high morbidity and high mortality in shrimp industry are viruses and bacteria. Others include fungi, parasites and protozoans but less threatening than the two former. Among the referenced groups of bacteria in shrimp disease, gram negative bacteria are more virulent. Vibrio, a member of this gram negative groups has been implicated to be the most causative agent of bacterial infections in shrimps. This review examined the components of the cell membrane of these bacteria that have been reported to confer immunity on the host. They include outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. These components could elicit immune response and confer protection
Dietary Fatty Acids and Edible Fruit Oil: Potential Therapy for Heart
Get PDFCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world. This disease is commonly experienced by people with unhealthy lifestyle, stress and physical inactivity. Cholesterol has received the most attention as single risk factor of CVD. Reducing the intake of cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans faty acids may be beneficial, yet controversy is still lingering to what constituents more beneficial dietary fats. The purpose of this article is to give an overview on the impact of major dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and to give an insightful information regarding fatty acids composition in selected fruits oils in search for novel oils as potential therapy against CVD
Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Technique in Wheat for the Identification of Disease Resistance Differentially Expressed Genes
Get PDFA resistant variety with high yielding potential is key for increasing crop production to fulfill the food requirement of the ever increasing world populations. Consequently, the aim of plant breeders is to develop high yielding varieties or cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to specific diseases or insects. For developing a resistant variety, it is enormously indispensable to incorporate or introgress the specific resistant genes of that particular disease into the recipient. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful technique for the identification of disease specific differentially expressed genes that are expressed in a resistant or susceptible variety. This paper presents a brief review on the SSH technique with examples focusing on the identification of the wheat disease specific differentially expressed genes and their defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens in global wheat cultivars. This review is helpful for wheat researchers for the updated information on the SSH technique for the identification of differentially expressed genes in the global wheat cultivars and varieties. Eventually, the identified genes could be used to develop the disease resistance variety through marker-assisted backcrossing programme or conventional breeding
Culture Centered Design: Reviews on Cultural Factors Influencing Interface design Elements
Get PDFIssues regarding misconception of the same piece of information are solicited from users with different cultural background and needs. Various efforts have been conducted to cater to such issue. However studies regarding cultivation of cultural elements in user interface design seem to be neglected. Numerous studies show that interface design preferences are related to the user’s cultural background. Furthermore, studies of user cultural needs could enhance user’s understanding and acceptance of the interface design. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review the cultural factors influencing interface design elements. Indirectly, it exhibits the concept of culture centered design
Sediment Quality Index in Mangrove Forest
Get PDFThe objectives of this review are to determine the types of indices to use, to assess the current sediment quality index (SQI) of a mangrove forest and to select the appropriate index to describe the mangrove sediment quality index. Amongst the many indices considered in this review are the enrichment factors (EFs), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the pollution load index (PLI), the marine sediment pollution index (MSPI) and sediment quality index (SQI). The different indices give diverse perspectives of the status of mangrove sediment quality. This review also highlights the appropriate parameters that need to be used in assessing sediment quality, such as the physical, chemical and biological properties. As the comparison review, the sediment quality can be utilized for Mangrove quality index (MQI) development like to assess the heavy metal, complete laboratory parameters and a classification following the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines ISQG, PCA and HACA. For the heavy metal content of sediment, the suggested parameters are Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn. Lastly, for the indices, the enrichment factor (EFs), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and marine sediment pollution index (MPSI) are used in develop SQI on mangrove forest