Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews (PJSRR - Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM)
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Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites - A Review of Processing Techniques
Get PDFCarbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composites (Al-CNTs) have been widely used in aerospace and automotive industries where high quality and strength is required. The enhanced mechanical properties of Al-CNTs are closely related to processing technique due to challenges within production of these composite materials. In the current review, solid state processing techniques used for synthesizing Al-CNTs have been reviewed to provide an insight into the features and capabilities of each technique regarding the incorporation of CNT reinforcements. To conclude, the mechanical performance of Al-CNT composites is mainly decided by the capability of each technique in the dispersion of CNTs within the aluminum matrix
Data Envelopment Analysis Models and Software Packages for Academic Purposes
Get PDFData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular technique used in measuring the performance of an industry. DEA has wide applications in agriculture, manufacturing, health care, transportation, education, energy and environment, as well as banking and finance. However, many students and academicians are in dilemma in finding the appropriate software to execute a particular DEA model. In recent years, different DEA software packages have been developed by some universities and companies for both academic and commercial purposes. The software packages offered wide varieties of most recent DEA models that could be used in science and technology. Some of these software packages are free for academic users while others are commercialised. In this study, nine different DEA software packages were reviewed. Among them, only three are free for academic purposes while four have been commercialized. One of the former is still in the development stage, but expected to be available soon
Introduction to Robotics Agriculture in Pest Control: A Review
Get PDFAgriculture is one of the latest industries that uses robotic technologies. Cultivation of crops with high yield and quality can be enhanced when technological sustenance is involved. Pests are nuisance and cannot be completely eliminated, but with effective control and management. damages caused by pests could be minimized below economic threshold. Automation in agriculture is stable and accurate and is mainly incorporated in mechanized farming system. However its numerous application in different agricultural practices is not well noticed. Hence this paper attempts to provide profound awareness on robotic technology in agriculture. Robots could have a specific or multiple functions and, most commonly, they are made up of five basic components; sensors, effectors, actuators, controller and arms. Use of automation in weeding, weed mapping, micro spraying, seeding, irrigation and harvesting are progressions which promote sustainable agriculture and food security. In future, solar robots with battery inverter may be invented
Metal Oxide Based Optical Fiber for Methane Gas Detection
Get PDFSemiconductor metal oxide (SMO) as a sensing layer for gas detection has been widely used. Many researches have been performed to enhance the sensing performance including its sensitivity, reliability and selectivity. Electrical sensors that use resistivity as an indicator of its sensing are popular and well established. However, the optical based sensor is still much to explore in detecting gas. By integrating it with SMO, the sensor offers good alternative to overcome some drawbacks from electrical sensors
Titania Nanotubes Synthesised via the Electrochemical Anodisation Method: Synthesis and Supercapacitor Applications
Get PDFTitania nanotube is gaining tremendous interest for its unique features including high surface area, ion-exchange ability, photocatalytic potential and prominent electrical properties. Many attempts were made to manipulate the unique properties of titania nanotubes for supercapacitor application. In this review a comprehensive list of literatures on fabrication of titania nanotubes via anodisation method in fluoride-based electrolytes and its application as supercapacitor are discussed. This review shows that the nanotube morphology can be optimized by varying the anodisation parameter such as electrolyte concentration, pH, voltage, and bath temperature. The review also includes studies on the application of titania nanotubes as supercapacitor on improving the specific capacitance value by doping with metal oxides and conducting polymers
Heuristics and Metaheuristics Approaches for Facility Layout Problems: A Survey
Get PDFFacility Layout Problem (FLP) is a NP-hard problem concerned with the arrangement of facilities as to minimize the distance travelled between all pairs of facilities. Many exact and approximate approaches have been proposed with an extensive applicability to deal with this problem. This paper studies the fundamentals of some well-known heuristics and metaheuristics used in solving the FLPs. It is hoped that this paper will trigger researchers for in-depth studies in FLPs looking into more specific interest such as equal or unequal FLPs
Anti-diabetic Activity and Microbial Quality of Ready-to-Serve Momordica charantia (MC) Drink
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus has a high prevalence in Malaysia and is expected to rise in the future due to lifestyle changes. Thus, consumers are turning to alternative methods in the prevention and cure of the disease. The Momordica charantia has been studied for its anti-diabetic activity both in vitro and in vivo and is shown to be effective in inhibiting glucose absorption. Therefore, the MC is used as a main ingredient in the development of health beverages to offer alternatives for patients or the health conscious. The microbial quality of the product is examined to ensure the safety of the product and to find methods to enhance its shelf life
Renewable Energy Policy Status and Challenges of POME-Biogas Industry in Malaysia
Get PDFPalm oil can be considered as a mainstay in the regional development and economic growth of Malaysia. It is an important raw material for local industries and as an export product. Most recently, palm oil has been referred to as a promising feedstock for the production of biofuel which could lead Malaysia towards a low carbon society. With the growing concern towards the increase of energy demand and global warming, the conversion of palm biomass to biogas for power generation has then been recognized as a feasible option in response to the mentioned problems. Nevertheless, various constraints have come in the way to slow down the biofuel production. Therefore, this paper presents an overview on the existing renewable energy (RE) policy and its current programme status, as well as to identify the challenges facing the Malaysian palm oil mill effluent (POME) and biogas industry in order to propose appropriate measures for further improvement of the programme
Passive In Situ Remediation Using Permeable Reactive Barrier for Groundwater Treatment
Get PDFThe contamination of water bodies from heavy metals, either from natural sources or anthropogenic sources, has become a major concern to the public. Industrial activities with improper water treatment, and then leach into the water body, have become contaminated and harmful to consume. Passive remediation is one of the treatments introduced to counter this problem as it is a low cost but effective technique. After being widely acknowledged and through research conducted, the most suitable remediation technique found is the permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). PRB is defined as an in situ permeable treatment zone filled with reactive materials, designed to intercept and remediate a contaminant plume under natural hydraulic gradients. There have been many findings made from PRB which can be used to remove contaminants such as heavy metal, chlorinated solvents, carbonates and aromatic hydrocarbons. The most crucial criteria in making a successful PRB is the reactive media used to remove contaminants. The current paper presents an overview of the PRB selective medias that have been used and also the unresolved issue on the long term performance of PRB. The overall methodology for the application of PRB at a given site is also discussed in this paper. This inexpensive but effective technique is crucial as a sustainable technology in order to treat the drainage before it enters water tables to prevent water pollution and can be used as an alternative raw water source
Industrial Radiotracer Technology for Process Optimizations in Chemical Industries – A Review
Get PDFRadioisotope techniques are constantly and extensively used all over the world as a method to identify process systems malfunctions in various industries without requiring the shut down of the processing plant thus leading to high economical benefits to the plant owner. Different aspects of industrial radiotracer technology for troubleshooting, process control and optimization are evaluated through an exhaustive literature survey. The review covers the advantages of radiotracers, most commonly used radiotracers in industry for specific studies, applications of radiotracer techniques in various chemical industries, the design of radiotracer technology experiments, radiation detection and data acquisition in radiotracer technology as well as radiological safety aspects. Two industrial radiotracer techniques of residence time distribution (RTD) measurements and radioactive particle tracking (RPT) are discussed. The design of radiotracer technology experiments are also divided into two categories - radioactive particle tracking applications and residence time distribution applications