Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Prevalence and Characterization of Escherichia coli in Raw Milk and Some Dairy Products at Mansoura City
Get PDFThe present study aimed to detect the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli in raw milk and some dairy products (white soft cheese, yoghurt, and Laban rayeb) in Mansoura city, Egypt. A total of 200 samples, obtained equally from raw milk (farm and market milk), white soft cheese (Kareish and Domiati), yoghurt (small scale and large scale), and Laban rayeb (small scale and large scale) were examined for the presence of E. coli by using eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Suspected E. coli isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests and then selected numbers of E. coli strains were identified serologically. Furthermore, serologically identified strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing. In total, the prevalence of E. coli recovered from the examined raw milk and dairy products samples was 28% (56/200). The highest prevalence was detected in raw market milk (52%), followed by Kareish cheese (48%) while, the lowest prevalence was obtained in large-scale yoghurt and large-scale Laban rayeb samples (8%). The selected numbers of E. coli strains subjected to serologic examination showed variable somatic and H antigens. About 58.8% of E. coli strains showed multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) criteria at least to one antimicrobial in three different classes of antibiotics. The highest resistance was obtained from erythromycin (100%) then oxacillin (94%), cefepime (82%), penicillin G (76.5%), and ampicillin (58.5%), nalidixic acid (52.9%) and cefazolin (47.1%). the obtained results show the great hazard proposed to public health, therefore, the application of hygienic measures in all practices concerning dairy industry from farm to fork is not just advice but a necessity to maintain human health
Estimation of Vitamin D3 Content in Table Eggs and its Stability during Cooking
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Vitamin D3 has a pivotal role in bone development together with maintaining the normal level of both calcium and phosphorous inside the body. Dietary intake is of great importance as a good source of vitamin D in addition to sunlight. Eggs, for instance, are excellent sources for naturally occurring cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in daily meals. Hence, the aim of the current study was to measure the level of vitamin D3 in two kinds of table eggs (Balady and farm eggs) in Assiut Governorate. 150 eggs were collected from supermarkets and outlet retails and then subjected to determine the level of vitamin D3 using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Additionally, the stability of vitamin D3 after cooking (boiling and frying methods) was estimated throughout the study. The obtained results showed that the level of vitamin D3 was higher in farm eggs (0.13 to 8.5 mcg/100g) in comparison to Balady eggs (0.006 to 5.6 mcg/100g). After cooking, the reduction rate of vitamin D3 content was lower after boiling (47.43 %) than frying (65.78 %). In conclusion, farm eggs are a good source for vitamin D3, and the cooking methods may be implicated in adverse loss of vitamin D3 content in eggs. Herein, it is suggested to use the boiling method for cooking eggs than frying method to minimize the possible loss in such vitamins
Microbiological Evaluation of Fresh Retail Rabbit Meat Cuts from Zagazig City, Egypt
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological status of rabbit carcasses marketed in Zagazig City, Sharkia province, Egypt. Eighty random samples of fresh rabbit meat cuts representing shoulder, loin, ribs, and thigh regions (20 of each) were obtained from different rabbit markets in Zagazig City during 2022. Aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae, total mould and yeast counts were determined in the collected samples, as well as the isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The results showed that the mean values of APC and Enterobacteriaceae were 1.1x106 and 4.7x104 CFU/g for shoulders, 9.6x105 and 5.7x104 CFU/g for ribs, 1.0x106 and 5.1x104 CFU/g for loins, 1.2x106 and 6.0x104 CFU/g for thigh samples, respectively. Moreover, the total mould and yeast count ranged from 2.6x104 to 1.9x105 with mean values of 9.7x104 ± 1.1x104, 8.2x104 ± 9.9x103, 9.5x104 ± 1.4x104 and 9.8x104 ± 8.5x103 CFU/g in the of examined rabbit meat samples from shoulder, ribs, loin, and thigh regions, respectively. In terms of food poisoning bacteria, 6 (30 %), 7 (35 %), 6 (30 %) and 4 (20 %) out of 20 rabbit cuts tested positive for Salmonellae in the shoulder, ribs loin, and thigh regions, respectively. However, E. coli was found in 18 (90%), 16 (80%), 15 (75%) and 19 (95%) of the examined rabbit meat samples, respectively. The obtained results suggested that fresh rabbit meat cuts may carry numerus microorganisms from different sources, emphasizing the importance of stringent sanitary precautions during the slaughtering, handling and cooking procedures
Serological Evidence of Leptospira hardjo Antibodies and The Incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Selected Smallholder Cattle and Goat Farms from Maiduguri, Nigeria
Get PDFThe present study investigated the seroprevalence of Leptospira hardjo antibodies and their relationship to the burden of reproductive disorders associated with smallholder ruminant production systems in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. We randomly collected 376 blood samples from 11 cattle (n=188) and 10 goats (n=188) farms in Maiduguri from April to September 2019. The farmers completed structured questionnaires to furnish information regarding herd characteristics and reproductive histories of farm animals. A serum IgG/IgM antibody-capture ELISA test kit with a sensitivity of 96.91%, specificity of 90.40%, positive and negative predictive values of 88.68% and 97.41%, respectively, was used for the detection of Leptospira hardjo antibodies from blood serum. The overall seroprevalence of Leptospira hardjo was 4.26% (95%CI: 2.17-8.17) in cattle and 2.13% (95%CI: 0.83-5.34) in goats, respectively. Leptospira hardjo antibodies were detected in 4 (50%) out of the 8 cattle herds and 3 out of the 7 goat flocks with a history of reproductive disorders. At the present rate of detection of Leptospira hardjo antibodies in ruminants with histories of reproductive disorders, the current burden of the disease and its consequences on the reproductive efficiencies could be highly underestimated in the smallholder ruminant production system in the northeastern part of Nigeria
Calcareous Marine Algae, Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide Mixture for Curing Lactic Acidosis in Goats
Get PDFThis study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of calcareous marine algae (AcidBuf), sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide mixture for the treatment of lactic acidosis in goats. In this study, a total of 57 goats were diagnosed with lactic acidosis and subjected to a therapeutic trial of 4g AcidBuf plus 10 g Na-bicarbonate plus 4g magnesium oxide/head once daily for three days. Before and 72 h after treatment, a clinical examination and blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken. Within 72 h of the therapeutic trial, the clinical signs of lactic acidosis gradually improved and resolved and the rumen pH increased significantly from 5.16±0.460 to 6.54±0.246. Rumen contraction, rumen fluid physical properties (color, odor and consistency), protozoal motility and ruminal microflora differed significantly toward the normal of healthy goats. Regarding haemgasometry and hematobiochemical parameters, a highly significant decrease in Hb, HCT% , TLC, ALT, AST, creatinine and lactate values and a highly significant increase in blood pH, HCO3-, pCO2, serum urea, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (βHBA) were recorded compared to the pre-treatment values. The current study concluded that calcareous marine algae, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide mixture is very helpful in minimizing the severity of ruminal lactic acidosis in goats and could be used as the therapy of choice
Incidence, Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of Zoonotic Salmonella spp. Isolated from Broiler chicken and Human in Egypt
Get PDFÂ This study investigated incidence, phenotypic-genotypic antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic salmonellae from broiler chicken and human in Egypt. Two hundred and forty samples were randomly collected from broilers including (liver, gizzard, intestine, n=60 of each) and from workers (hand swabs, n=60) at poultry outlets. Isolation, biochemical and serological identifications of Salmonella spp. were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella serotypes was done using disc diffusion method. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella serotypes was calculated. Genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance genes [blaTEM, floR and tetA(A)] was identified in phenotypically resistant salmonellae using PCR. The incidence of Salmonella spp. was 5% in each of liver and intestine of broilers, and 1.66% in gizzard of broilers; and 3.33% in hand swabs of workers. The serotypes of S. Typhimurium were distributed into liver of broilers (3 out of 4, 75%) and into intestine of broilers (1 out of 4, 25%). The distribution of S. Enteritidis was 33.3% (1 out of 3) in gizzard and )66.7%, 2 out of 3) was distributed in intestine of broiler. Two isolates of S. Kentucky (100%) were distributed in hand swabs from workers. The peak resistance (100%) of 9 Salmonella isolates was found to each of chloramphenicol and ampicillin followed by a highest resistance (88.8%) to doxycycline The profile of each S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis isolates from broiler chicken reached the peak resistance (100%) for ampicillin, chloramphenicol and doxycycline The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella isolates was ranged from 0.23 to 0.54 with an average of 0.34. The blaTEM, tetA(A) and floR genes were identified with similar distribution percentage of 66.7% in S. Typhimurium isolates from liver. all isolates of S. Enteritidis from gizzard, S. Typhimurium from intestine, S. Enteritidis from intestine and S. Kentucky from hand swabs harbored similar distribution percentage (100%) for each blaTEM, tetA(A) and floR gene. Further studies are required to predict biological tools such as bacteriophages during poultry production to minimize entry of multidrug resistant (MDR) salmonellae from broiler chicken to human food chain
The Presumptive Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles in Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis in Dairy Cows
Get PDFClinical postpartum endometritis due to bacterial invasion is one of the most common diseases affecting dairy cows in postpartum period; antibiotics are widely utilized as a treatment to overcome this affection. Recently, bacterial resistance to antibiotics due to uncontrolled usage became one of the most serious problems facing the medical community, so, the aim of study was to detect the effectiveness of nano-silver particles as a treatment for postpartum endometritis in dairy Holstein cows. At 35-40 days postpartum, twenty one Holstein cows were diagnosed to be affected with postpartum endometritis, depending on clinical and ultrasonography examination. The treatment protocol included intrauterine infusion with 50 ml of silver nanoparticles solution (50 ppm/ml) for five consecutive days, and single dose of PGF-2α analogue as a treatment for animals with a corpus lutetum on their ovaries. At 7th day post-treatment, serum level tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid-A (SAA) and was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Also, the level of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin (Hp)in serum recorded a significant decrement(P<0.05) upon treatment with silver nanoparticles.In addition, uterine secretions were found with a significant decrease or disappeared completely, and endometrial thickness decrement was detected upon ultrasonography examination. At re-examination (49-54 days postpartum), 14 animals out of 21 animals (66.6%) were recovered successfully from endometritis. The pregnancy rate on 40th day post-service was 71.4 % (10 out of 14 animals were found pregnant after insemination on their observed estrus).As a conclusion, this study proved the efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a treatment for postpartum endometritis in dairy Holstein cows. So, it could substitute antibiotic treatment in such cases to avoid the antibiotic resistance problems
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Aeromonas and Molecular Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Some Marketed Fish in Egypt
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Aeromonas hydrophila, is an important foodborne bacterial disease in the aquaculture. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Aeromonas species, virulence genes associated in A. hydrophila and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. isolated from fish samples (tilapia, mugil, tuna, saurus, pagrus and shrimp) collected from Zagazig city markets, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Aeromonas spp. was isolated with a percentage of 39.3% of all examined fish samples. Four Aeromonas species (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. fluvials and A. sobria) were isolated from the tested fish samples (12%, 15.3%, 2.7% and 9.3%, respectively). A. hydrophila was only isolated from Tilapia, Saurus and Shrimp samples (16%, 28% and 28%, respectively). Aerolysin (aerA) and haemolysin (ahh1) were expressed in 100% and 75% of the A. hydrophila isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Aeromonas spp. revealed marked resistant for testing antibiotics; Ampicillin (100 %), Erythromycin (100 %), Tetracycline (83.3 %), Sulphamethoxazol (75 %), Cefotaxime (50 %) and Cephalothin (50 %). Dipping of Nile tilapia in lemon juice 5% for 2 h reduced A. hydrophila counts by 0.45 log cfu/g (64.44%). In conclusion, the present study confirms contamination of fish by Aeromonas spp. Immersion of fish in in lemon juice 5% is an efficient policy for reducing A. hydrophila in fish
Potential Hazards Associated with the Consumption of Crustaceans: The Egyptian Scenario
Get PDFCrustaceans such as shrimp and crab are considered as a rich source of protein, omega 3 fatty acids and trace elements. However, they are exposed to a vast array of xenobiotics during their lifetime such as heavy metals, pesticides, and dioxins. Moreover, crustaceans are also implicated in the transmission of many foodborne pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and others. They are also rich in biogenic amines such as histamine and cadaverine, and they might cause severe allergic reactions in highly susceptible people. This review summarized the current scenario of potential hazards associated with the consumption of crustaceans in Egypt
Congenital Phimosis in Scottish Fold Kitten
Get PDFÂ Â Phimosis is usually result from congenital anomaly, trauma, and prepuce or penis tumor. The present case explained the occurrence of congenital phimosis in a 3 month male Scottish Fold Kitten. The kitten was presented with the history of oliguria and urinary incontinence. In physical examination, preputial swellings without urine discharge were observed. Other Clinical parameters, biochemical and complete blood count results were normal. The surgical treatment as the solve method for correction the phimosis, was done under general anesthesia and the little full thickness skin fold was removed from apex of prepuce. The skin and mucosa were opposed together with a simple interrupted suture pattern. The patient was followed for 1 mouth, after surgery, and there was no recurrence or post operation complication. Phimosis is reported in many animal species, but the most affected animal are dogs. There are few reports about feline phimosis, but no congenital cases were reported in Scottish Fold breed