Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Impact of Crossbreeding Sahelian x Anglo-Nubian Goats on Growth Performance and Morphobiometric Characteristics of Kids in the Sahelian Zone
Get PDFGoat genetic resources are one of the main agropastoral resources of West African countries. They play a key role in the fight against poverty and food insecurity. However, the productivity of these resources remains low on most farms. The aim of the study was to improve the growth performance of goats by crossbreeding Sahelian goat (SG) with Anglo-Nubian (AN) crossbred. Thus, the experiment carried out from 2010 to 2016, involved three genetic types of goats (SG, ½AN and ¾AN) raised in a semi-intensive system. In addition to grazing, the herds were supplemented with concentrates (cottonseed cake and wheat bran). Birth weight at 12 and 24 months of age and morphobiometric measurements were collected and analyzed using R 4.0.5 software. The average birth weights of ½AN (2.65±0.54 kg) and ¾AN (2.53±0.55 kg) kids were higher (p < 0.05) than those of SG (2.39±0.5 kg). Also, at 24 months of age, the adults of ½AN (43.3± 13.6 kg) and ¾AN (37.130±8.6 kg) crossbreds were heavier (p < 0.001) than those of SG (26.7±4.4 kg). Ultimately, the resulting crossbreds have very promising potential that can be used to strengthen meat production in the Sahelian zone
Prevalence and Distribution of Sarcocystis in Buffaloes and Sheep in Egypt
Get PDFSarcocystis spp. is cyst forming protozoa that contains more than 200 species and belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in buffalo and sheep carcasses slaughtered in Egypt macroscopically and microscopically. For this purpose, a total of 400 buffalo and sheep carcasses were examined at Tanta abattoir, Egypt for the detection of Sarcocystis spp. from July 2020 to June 2021. The results revealed that the prevalence of macroscopic sarcocysts was 26.5% in slaughtered buffaloes and 0% in slaughtered sheep, while the prevalence of microscopic sarcocysts was 56% in slaughtered buffaloes and 80.5% in slaughtered sheep. The prevalence of sarcocysts in old buffaloes and sheep was higher than in young buffaloes and sheep. The most affected organs with microscopic sarcocysts were the oesophagus followed by the tongue, masseter muscle, skeletal muscles and finally heart. The obtained results confirmed that the examined buffaloes and sheep are infected with Sarcocystis species due to the abundance of final hosts, especially dogs and cats that encourage the spreading of infection by this protozoan parasite. Therefore, efficient cooking of buffalo meat is highly recommended before serving to humans.
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Sensory and Chemical Quality Deviations of Popularly Manufactured Dry Sausage
Get PDFTraditional dry sausages are one of the meat products that target globally by thousands of meat consumers. From a consumer perception point of view, the quality of this traditional meat product is of great concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the sensory and chemical quality of 100 samples of dry sausage marketed in Ismailia city, Egypt. Only 22 dry sausage samples were accepted in concern to their appearance and 56 samples were accepted in concern to their flavor. Out of 78 samples rejected for appearance, 43 (overfilling), 12 (fading) and 23 (discolored) rejected sausage samples. Out of 44 samples rejected for flavor, 28 (rancid), 10 (sour), and 6 (putrid) rejected sausage samples. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash, CHO, and NaCl contents for dry sausage samples were 43.7, 15.3, 19.9, 4.3, 13.6, and 3.2 respectively. 90% of sausage samples corresponded with the standard limit of moisture content. Commercial fraud during the manufacture of the dry sausage was detected based on their protein content whereas 56% of the sausage samples were unfit with the requirement of Egyptian Standard for protein contents. The mean pH, TBA and TVB-N values for the examined dry sausage samples were 5.1, 0.9 (mg/Kg), and 14.9 (mg/100g) respectively. It could be concluded that a considerable number of dry sausage samples had deviation in their sensory and chemical quality and may have a negative effect on consumer satisfaction
Effect of Food Safety Management Practices on Milk Quality and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cow Farms
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the effect of management practices based on the principles of hazard analysis critical control points system application in dairy farms on bulk milk tank quality and the subclinical mastitis prevalence. The study was conducted on two dairy farms located in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt using observation and questionnaire. Furthermore, cow hygiene scoring, subclinical mastitis prevalence using California Mastitis Testing, and electrical conductivity were evaluated. In addition, the organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological quality of bulk milk tanks were assessed. The results showed that farm I had better adoption of farm management practices (66.19%) than farm II (33.80%). The mean of udder and leg hygiene scores for cows showed no significant variation between both farms. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in farm I was 0% (0/108), while it reached 6.25% (6/96) in farm II. No evidence of any abnormality during organoleptic examination on both farms. Referring to the chemical analyses, there was a higher significant difference between protein and SNF (p<0.05) in farm I than in farm II. However, this was not the case for fat, in which farm II showed a higher significance (p<0.05). Furthermore, farm I showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) somatic cell count. On the other hand, the total bacterial count (TBC), titratable acidity, and pH had no significant difference in both farms. Finally, these ensure the importance of hygiene management practices for udder health and milk quality.   Â
Morphometric Traits of Imported Rabbits and Their Progenies
Get PDFThe study aimed to evaluate the morphometric performance in five generations of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits by using multivariate analysis. The materials used were 72 heads of NZW rabbits from 5 generations: imported rabbits (G0), first-generation (G1), second-generation (G2), third-generation (G3), fourth-generation (G4). G0 have been imported from the United States of America (USA) at the end of 2017. Thirteen morphometric traits were evaluated by using the discriminant procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) University Edition V.6p.2. software. Head width, ear length, chest width, radius-ulna length, femoris length, and Hip width were significant (P<0.05) among generations. Radius-ulna length, femoris length, and hip width showed the greatest contribution as distinguishing factors between generations based on canonical structure. Imported rabbits confirmed specific characteristics in morphometric traits, which differed from their progenies
Microbial Profile of Imported Carcass under Chilled Storage
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Bacterial contamination has been proven to be common in a variety of foods, especially meats. For this reason, this study was conducted to evaluate the bacteriological quality of imported chilled meat traded in Port-Said markets where 64 random samples of chilled meats represented by 28 imported chilled beef meat samples from lots arrived at Port-Said port (un-marketed) and 36 imported chilled beef meat samples collected from retailed markets at Port-Said governorate (marketed). Samples were analyzed for their total aerobic count., Enterobacteriaceae count, E. coli, total staphylococcus, and S. aureus counts and detection of salmonellae. The total bacterial count recorded an average of 10.73x104 and 2.5x106 in un-marketed and marketed chilled meat respectively. The results showed that 18 out of 64 meat samples were positive for Enterobacteriaceae and 6 samples out of them were unaccepted for human consumption. The incidence of E. coli was in 6 samples from the examined chilled samples, and the 6 were unaccepted. For staphylococcus, there were 24 positive samples, and 13 out of them were unaccepted and for S. aureus, 4 samples out of 64 samples were positive and 4 samples were unaccepted for consumption. Two samples out of 64 were positive for salmonella and considered unfit for human consumption. The obtained results confirmed the poor bacteriological quality of some imported chilled meat that is marketed in Port-Said retailed markets which is related to unhygienic transportation methods until reach the retailed markets
Virulence Genes of Multi-drug Resistance Pseudomonas species Isolated from Milk and Some Dairy Products
Get PDFPseudomonas species is one of the psychotropic bacteria that can survive in low-tempered milk and dairy products besides producing heat-resistant spoilage enzymes. In this study, one hundred and fifty samples of milk and some dairy products were analyzed. The overall prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. was 44.66% (0% pasteurized milk, 16% butter, 20% pasteurized cream, 48.5% Talaga cheese, 50% bulk milk tank, 66.6% raw market milk, and 70% in raw cream). From 67 positive samples, eighty-three isolates were confirmed biochemically as Pseudomonas spp. The most prominent species were P. aeruginosa, then P. fluorescence, P. Fragi, P. psychrophile, P. proteolytica, P. alcaligens, P. lundensis, and P. brenneri by a percent of 38.5%, 37.5%, 10.8%, 6%, 2.4%, 2.4%, 1.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. Fourteen antibiotic discs were selected to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of 59 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. The higher antimicrobial resistance was against Ampicillin (100%) followed by Colistin (98%), while the antibiotic sensitivity was higher against Imipenem (96.6%) then Meropenem (91.5%). The average MAR index of isolated Pseudomonas spp. was 0.462. Ten isolates of antimicrobial resistance serotypes of P. aeruginosa were O11: E, O8: C, O5: B, O4: F, and O2: B. Molecular identification of P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescence, and P. fragi was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine their virulence genes (LasB, ExoS, pilB for P. aeruginosa, aprX for P. fluorescence and carA gene for P. fragi). High levels of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Pseudomonas spp. threaten public health and cause global concern. The economic and public health impacts were discussed
Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Ultrastructure in The Mouse Cerebellum by Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy: A novel Method for Structural Analysis
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to investigate the synaptic ultrastructure of the mouse cerebellum using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The experiment were performed using seven weeks old wild type mice. In the present work, we used a newly established morphological investigation method of axospinous synapses (FIB-SEM). This method enables fully automated acquisition of serial ultrastructural data at a spatial resolution of 10 nm in z-axis without the ultrastructure distortions. FIB-SEM enabled easily identification of axospinous synapses in the mouse cerebellum where individual synaptic ultra-structure can be easily identified and measured. The results indicated that, the cerbellum axospinous synapses have presynaptic and postsynaptic compartment. The presynaptic compartment consists of the presynaptic axonal varicosity, synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. The postsynaptic compartment consists of the dendritic spine, postsynaptic density and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and spine apparatus. The volume of presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments was varaible. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between presynaptic compartments as well as between postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, this study represented novel correlations between presynaptic and postsynaptic parameters.
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Pharmacological Activities of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Mini-Review
Get PDFGraviola (Annona muricata) is one major member of the plant family, Annonaceae. It is cultivated in the tropical zones, particularly in Central and South America. Graviola is worldwide known for its natural medicinal effects. In this regards, graviola extracts are used in the treatment of different kinds of cancers such as pancreatic, breast, prostate, lung, and blood cancers. The exact mechanisms behinds the anticancer effects of graviola are not clearly defined. However, it was assumed that graviola-induced apoptotic effects, necrosis, and modulation of the proliferation patterns of the cancer cells are major mechanistic effects of Graviola. Interestingly, graviola is also known for its other beneficial effects such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic activities, and its wound healing effects. This mini review was undertaken to update and summarize the pharmacological activities of graviola
Liquid Semen Quality of Landrace Boar in Tris-Egg Yolk Extender and Zorlesco Extender at 20 °C
Get PDFLiquid semen quality of landrace boar during preservation needs an extender to maintain sperm from the negative effect such as loss of energy, pH change, and membrane permeability damage. To reduce the negative effects, good extenders are required. Tris-EY and zorlesco are two common extenders that used for the preservation of boar semen. This research was aimed to evaluate that ability of tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender to maintain the quality of landrace liquid semen at 20 °C. Semen was collected from 3 years of landrace boar in healthy condition, by hand glove method twice a week. A completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 7 replications were used to collect data. Semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically then extended with tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender. The motility and viability of sperm were evaluated every six hours. Data were analyzed by T-test, SPSS Programed. Research results showed that sperm motility of landrace semen in a tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender has no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05) at 24 h evaluation, which were 41.00±2.23% in a tris-EY extender and 45.00±5.00% in zorlesco extenders. The viability of sperm also has no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05), the observed values were 54.38±6.38% in a tris-EY extender and 58.32±10.35% in a zorlesco extender. It can be concluded that tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender have a similar ability in maintaining the quality of landrace boar liquid semen at 20°C