Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken Meat, Giblet, and Skin with Referring to Maximum Residue Limits
Get PDFIrresponsible use of antibiotics, inability to follow label guidelines, or insufficient withdrawal periods before slaughtering poultry could result in antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues, thereby representing hazards to public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residual levels of three commonly used antimicrobials including oxytetracycline (OXY), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and sulfadimidine (SULFA) in muscle, skin, and giblets of chicken carcasses quantitatively. Additionally, the obtained residual values were compared to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) stated by the regulatory authorities. The findings denoted that the muscles of fresh domestic broilers had significantly higher values of OXY, ENRO, and SULFA than those of fresh native breeds and imported frozen chicken (p<0.05). Similarly, in pooled giblets (equal weights of liver and kidneys), OXY and ENRO were significantly higher in domestic broilers than in native breeds (p<0.05). Likewise, ENRO and SULFA residues were higher in skin samples of domestic broilers than in native breeds. In comparison to the MRLs reported by the European Commission, the muscles from 20, 60, and 50 % of examined domestic broiler carcasses exceeded the MRLs of OXY, ENRO, and SULFA., respectively, whereas muscles from 20, 70, and 50 % of examined native breed carcasses surpassed these MRLs, respectively. Conversely, in imported frozen broilers, no muscle samples topped the MRL of OXY, while 10 % of the examined carcasses exceeded the MRLs of both ENRO and SULFA. Therefore, very extensive work is needed to monitor the antimicrobial residues in poultry tissues, as well as educational programs about the proper use of antibiotics in poultry production with emphasis on the public health risks of antibiotic residues in food should target the farmers
Recent Developments in Sheep Meat Research Worldwide- a Review
Get PDFThe sheep meat production system contributes to the economy of sheep farmers to a greater extent. Considering the value of sheep meat, several researchers have attempted strategically to study various domains of sheep meat production and its marketing. The research on mutton production was mainly oriented to lean meat and fatty acid profile. Sheep meat marketing research has covered aspects of consumer demand and education. Studies reveal that the industrial meat production system in sheep contributes more water foot print. Researchers have also assessed the greenhouse gas emission of sheep meat production. Sheep carcass quality studies evaluated the effects of gender, production systems, body weight, age, hot and cold carcass. Sheep meat quality studies were majorly focused on the amino acid, fatty acid profiles, and sensory characteristics. Sheep meat flavor was thoroughly researched by a few investigators. The microbial profile of sheep carcass and meat indicated various microbial contaminants in the supply chain. Several antioxidants were used by researchers for improving the quality of meat and meat products. Antimicrobials such as metal oxides and essential oils were evaluated for effective sheep meat preservation. The heavy metal contaminants in sheep were also investigated by a few researchers. Different DNA and radioisotope methods have been explored for species and sex differentiation in sheep meat and meat products. The sheep meat products were assessed by researchers for various technological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics. The economic value of sheep meat by-products was calculated by researchers for their potential importance in the value chain. Parasitic meat borne diseases were found as the common zoonotic problem with sheep meat. The export potential of sheep meat and bottlenecks have also been studied by a few researchers. Overall, the broad dimensions of sheep meat research worldwide has a profound link with the economy of the nations
Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio Isolated from Some Marketed Fish in Egypt with a Decontamination Trial by Lemon juice
Get PDF     Vibrio species are major sea foodborne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis as a serious disease of human public health due to the consumption of undercooked or raw fish. In the current study, a total of 100 fish samples (Nile tilapia, Nile perch, Meagre, and Sea bass) were collected randomly from retail markets in Egypt to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio species. The results revealed that Vibrio species isolated with an overall percentage of 52% of all examined fish. Bacteriological and chemical examinations revealed 42.3% V. parahaemolyticus, 26.92% V. mimicus, 19.23% V. alginolyticus, 9.62% V. vulnificus and 1.92%V. cholera. Antibiotic sensitivity declared high resistance of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents used in Egypt including Ampicillin (100%), Nalidixic acid (88.3%), Streptomycin (84.2%), Sulphamethoxazol (70.7%) and Oxytetracycline (64.8%) and it had sensitivity to Amikacin (94%), Ciprofloxacin (70.5%), Gentamicin (58.9%) with an average MAR index of 0.576. By polymerase chain reaction, all examined Vibrio isolates were positive for 16SrRNA speciï¬c for Vibrio spp. and harbored toxR gene virulence gene. Finally, dipping of tilapia in lemon juice 5% for 2 h reduced V. parahaemolyticus count by 0.42log cfu/g (62.08%). Consequently, hygienic measures should be approved to control the contamination of fish in the markets and the aquatic environment. Regular monitoring of fish for antibiotic resistance by Vibrio species, and their molecular characterization is necessary to improve the safety of seafood. Dipping fish in lemon juice is an efficient strategy for reducing V. parahaemolyticus load in fish
Antioxidant and Histopathological Effect of Galantamine Against Paracetamol-Induced Side Effect
Get PDFThe goal of this research was to find out more about the possible protective role of galantamine (GAL) (0.3 mg/kg P.O) for 28 successive days against paracetamol (PCM) toxicity that was administrated on day 29 of the experiment, at day 30, blood sample were collected for evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and tissues for histopathological studies. Oxidative stress biomarkers which included serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde and histopathological studies indicated that GAL has protective effects by prohibiting the improvement in oxidative stress biomarkers and improved the histopathological lesions seen in livers and kidneys in vivo model against hepatic and renal toxicity induced by PCM in rats
Assessment of Triclabendazole Efficacy Against Fasciola hepatica by Histopathological Changes Induced in Tegument and Gut of Flukes
Get PDFTriclabendazole is the drug of choice against Fasciola spp. infections in humans and animals. However, parasitic resistance against triclabendazole is spreading in the veterinary field. The objective of this study was to assess of flukicide efficacy of triclabendazole through evaluation of the histopathology of Fasciola hepatica adult fluke’s specimens. For this, the efficacy test was performed on naturally infected sheep treated with triclabendazole (Fazinex®) at the dose recommended for F. hepatica, in which the flukes recovered at necropsy on the 7th day post-treatment and separated for histological examination. The teguments and intestines from F. hepatica recovered from treated and control sheep were examined by microscopy. In the outer and inner parts of the tegument, edema and swelling of its structural components are noted. The spines in the tegument were enlarged, swollen, take on a more rounded shape and have changes in color, perceiving the eosinophilic dye in greater concentration. There was a detachment of the brush border of the intestinal epithelium and the accumulation of microvilli of the apical part of the epithelium in the intestinal lumen. The cellular structures of the intestinal epithelium were melted. The results indicated that the teguments and intestines of F. hepatica were severely affected by triclabendazole and demonstrated the importance of the use of histopathology for the diagnosis of therapeutic efficacy in field strains
Silent Europe: The Collapse of Common Bird Species
Get PDFIn Europe, bird populations have been threatened for several decades. The authors consulted the indices available to the public from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS), a project that collects data on European common bird species from national monitoring schemes and calculates European common bird indices and indicators to help demonstrate that common birds are decreasing in Europe. Â According to the PECBMS, between 1980 and 2019, common bird species declined by 18%, agricultural birds by 59%, and forest birds by 7%. Although some bird species have recovered in number and even came back from the break of extinction (e.g., Red Kite, Milvus milvus), not the species that were considered common in the last decades. Many factors are associated with this decline as pesticides or the destruction of habitats. Measures are being taken in many countries to reduce this decline. However, information and education of the public could be crucial to saving the decline of common bird
Seasonal Impact on the Prevalence of Yeast Contamination of Chicken Meat Products and Edible Giblets
Get PDFTotal of ninety random samples of raw chilled whole chicken carcass, chicken fillet and chicken giblet, 30 of each, were randomly collected from butchers located in Qalubiya governorate, Egypt, and were subjected to mycological examination for the incidence of yeast species contamination during summer and winter seasons, samples were collected equally during each season (15 samples of each product/season). Results revealed contamination of 100 and 93.3% of the whole examined samples during summer and winter seasons, respectively; where giblet samples showed the highest contamination levels with mean count of 3.8 and 3.0 log10 CFU/g, respectively, followed by fillet and whole carcass, respectively. Candida and Rhodotorula species were detected in the incidence of 60% and 40% of the examined samples during summer and winter seasons, respectively indicated that the levels of chicken meat contamination with yeast is higher in summer season than winter season. After all, the application of strict hygienic measures is highly recommended during processing and storage of raw chicken meat cuts, as well as keep raw chicken cuts chilled to avoid the enhancement of hot and humid climate of summer season on the microbial growth.Â
Anatomical Peculiarities of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Nasal Structure: A Study Reveals Unique Proboscis-like Structure
Get PDFThe knowledge of the proboscis morphology is of a particular significance, especially in the field of comparative veterinary anatomy and rhinology. The proboscis is a specialized nasal organ, which has several anatomical modifications that enable the animal to withstand the adverse climatic conditions. Remarkably, the anatomy of the camel nose is distinct in comparison with ruminant and other domestic animals. This has been attributed to the essential proboscideal criteria to which the camel nose possesses. However, little is known about the proboscis-like structure of the dromedarian nose. Therefore, the aim of the study was to elucidate the idea that camel nose is best interpreted as a sort of proboscis
Effect of Using Peptide as a Replacement of Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Pigs: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression
Get PDFA systematic review and meta-regression were done to investigate the effect of using peptide as a replacement of antibiotic growth promoters on pig. A dataset was created based on an algorithm for peer-reviewed articles published from 2004 to 2019. The peer-reviewed published articles were evaluated strictly following the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Meta-regression was performed using a non-linear mixed model library provided by R Studio 4.1.1 software. A structure algorithm was constructed using ‘magick’, ‘ggplot’, ‘ggplot2’ and ‘cowplot’ add-ons to create a meta-regression. In this study, meta-regression between year of publication and number of pigs included in the experiments was associated with growth performance and diarrhea with p = 0.032 and p < 0.163, respectively. Meanwhile, the source of peptide intercepts for these parameters were 38.33 (p = 0.052) and 48.44 (p = < 0.071), respectively. The scientific evidence from the meta-analysis based on the in-vivo studies demonstrates that both form and dosage of the anti-microbial have a beneficial effect on pigs
Reproductive Performance of Lactating Holstein Cows as Influenced by Season of Calving and Parity Under Subtropical Conditions
Get PDFNormal lactation records of 1717 Holstein cows belong to commercial dairy farm covered a period of 11 years from 1995 to 2005 were used in this study to evaluate the effects of calving season and parity on reproductive performance under subtropical desert conditions. The reproductive traits studied were age at first calving (AFC, month), first service period (FSP, day), number of services per conception (NSC, number), days open (DO, day), calving interval (CI, month), projected minimum calving interval (PMCI, month), breeding interval (BI, day) and conception rate (CR, %). NSC, DO, CI, and PMCI were enhanced significantly in winter compared to summer. Also, PMCI value in winter was lower compared to summer. The overall means of FSP, DO, PMCI, and BI were lower in multiparous cows compared to those in primiparous. No influences of interaction between season of calving and parity were detected on the reproductive traits of FSP, NSC, DO, CI and PMCI. CR had been influenced by season of calving as cows calved in winter exhibited higher CR (44%) than those calved in summer (39%). Heritability estimate of NSC, DO, CI and PMCI heritabilities were low and ranged from 0.07 to 0.19. In contrast, FSP and BI had medium heritabilities. Genetic correlations were low and positive between each of NSC, FSP or BI, between CI and each of NSC or FSP. In contrast, Genetic correlations were medium to high positive among other traits. The phenotypic correlations between NSC and each of FSP or BI were negatively low. Other phenotypic correlations were mostly similar in value and direction as the corresponding genetic correlations. Genetic trends of FSP, DO, CI and PMCI exhibited clear deterioration by time. They tended to decrease throughout the years of study. In contrast NSC and BI breeding values tended to increase during the same period