Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Activity and crowing frequency of Ayam Kokok Balenggek from West Sumatra by using and without perch
Get PDFAnimal conservation is included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a genetic resource, one of which is namely Ayam Kokok Balenggek (AKB). AKB is a unique and distinctive crowing sound from West Sumatra, Indonesia, often featured in contests. This study aims to investigate the activities and crowing frequencies of AKB by using and without perch. The total eight mature male AKBs aged 1.5 and 2 years used in this study. The samples were divided into 2 categories based on the class in the AKB contest, namely the ‘landik’ and ‘boko’ categories The variables included eight activities and crowing frequency. The data analysis in this study was descriptive statistical analysis and the crowing frequency was subjected to a t-test analysis. The t-test results on the crowing frequency of the ‘landik’ and ‘Boko’ classes of AKB between perched and without perched was a highly significant difference (P<0.01). The results revealed that when perched, AKB exhibited 13% crowing activity, 17% wing flapping, and 34% feather pecking, which was notably higher compared to when they were without perched. The crowing frequency significantly (P˂0.01) distinct of Boko class AKBs when perched was 36% higher compared to without perches, while the landik class was 59% higher than without perches. The crowing activity and frequency, wing flapping, feather pecking, and frequency of AKB are higher when they are perched. The information from the study is an attempt to converse AKB with a unique sound and will be used as a guide when AKB contests are implemented
The practice of profit-sharing system (Maambi) in goat farming in Polewali Mandar district
Get PDFThis study examined goat profit-sharing practices (Maambi) in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while the sample was determined using purposive stratified sampling in four main subdistricts—Campalagian, Balanipa, Limboro, and Tinambung—with a total of 20 respondents (13 farmers and 7 capital owners). Income analysis was conducted by calculating the difference between revenue and costs, then assessing the 50/50, 60/40, 70/30 profit-sharing patterns and additional models. The results show that the 50/50 scheme is the most balanced, while 60/40 and 70/30 are more profitable for capital owners, and the additional model gives a larger share to farmers. In general, Maambi is able to increase farmers' income by 30–50% while strengthening trust, solidarity, and cooperation. However, practices based on verbal agreements still pose challenges such as weak supervision, unclear division of responsibilities, and uneven distribution of risk
Identification of mutation points in the prolactin (PRL) gene as genetic marker candidate in Kedu chicken
Get PDF This research aimed to identify point mutations in the PRL gene in Kedu chickens. The materials used were 15 female Kedu chickens aged 6-7 months, consisting of red comb black Kedu, black comb black Kedu, and white Kedu chickens. The research included blood sampling, DNA extraction, amplification of the PRL gene through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, sequencing, and data analysis. The parameters observed were the identification of point mutations, genotype frequency, allele frequency, and heterozygosity. Data analysis was performed using MEGA 12 and dnaSP.v6. The results showed a point mutation in the PRL gene in Kedu chickens located at site 454. The genotype frequency of CC was 0.067, while CT and TT were 0.666 and 0.267, respectively. The frequency of allele C was 0.4 and allele T was 0.6. The heterozygosity value was 0.48, which is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be concluded that a mutation was found at point 454 C > T in the presence of alleles C and T, forming the genotypes CC, CT, and TT. The observed heterozygosity value was moderate, indicating that the studied population still shows relatively diverse genetic variation. Further research is needed to determine its association with the reproductive traits of Kedu chickens
Research note: Pre-weaning performance in Indonesian Local Rabbits and Crossbred Progeny with Exotic Bucks
Get PDFThis research assessed the pre-weaning growth of local rabbits (L × L) and their hybrids with New Zealand White (NZW × L) and Hycole (HL × L) bucks, concentrating on birth weight, weekly body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and growth trends. The findings indicated that the crossbred kits (NZW × L: 53.51 ± 12.07 g; HL × L: 51.09 ± 10.21 g) had notably higher birth weights compared to the local kits (40.67 ± 10.69 g; p < 0.0001). Throughout the weeks, the body weights of the crossbred groups consistently exceeded those of the L × L group, with NZW × L kits reaching 907.49 ± 199.95 g by the sixth week, in contrast to 785.90 ± 150.87 g (HL × L) and 602.24 ± 79.57 g (L × L). The ADG was significantly greater in the crossbreds, peaking at 39.99 ± 17.04 g/day (NZW × L) during weeks 5–6, compared to 24.79 ± 6.24 g (HL × L) and 18.84 ± 3.71 g (L × L). The growth curves showed accelerated gains in the crossbreds, attributed to heterosis and enhanced genetic potential. These results highlight that crossbreeding local rabbits with NZW and Hycole bucks improves pre-weaning growth performance, emphasizing the advantages of strategic genetic enhancement in smallholder rabbit farming
Enhancing nutritional value of cassava cobs through Aspergillus niger fermentation: A sustainable approach for animal feed
Get PDFCassava cobs, a by-product of cassava processing, have the potential to be utilized as a sustainable alternative feed source for livestock. However, their low protein content and high fiber composition limit their direct application. This study investigated the effect of solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger on the nutritional profile of cassava cobs. Cassava cobs were incubated with A. niger at concentrations of 0, 2.5 and 5% and fermented for 0, 2, and 4 days. The fermented products were analyzed for measurement of proximate composition, fiber fractions, digestible crude protein, and digestibility. The data were analysed using factorial design. The results showed that fermentation with A. niger significantly improved the nutritional value of cassava cobs. Fiber content decreased from 32.57% to 25.42%, while digestible crude protein increased from 41.24% to 51.00% at 5% inoculum and 4 days of fermentation. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were reduced, with a concomitant increase in their digestibility. This study demonstrates that solid-state fermentation with A. niger as a viable method to enhance the nutritional quality of cassava cobs, supporting their use a functional feed ingredient for sustainable livestock production
Enhancing protein protection and ruminal in vitro fermentation using cinnamon leaf powder (Burmese cinnamon ness ex bi.) as a cinnamaldehyde source
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the impact of adding cinnamon leaf flour (Burmese cinnamon Ness ex BI.) to rations on rumen fermentation parameters using an in vitro method. Cinnamon leaf flour was added at levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, corresponding to 0, 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg/kg of feed dry matter (DM), with each treatment repeated three times. Data from the study were analyzed for variance with Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), which was tested using one-way pattern first. The results showed that the addition of cinnamon leaf flour at level of 2% to 4% reduced pH to a range of 6.72 in the rumen. A significant decrease was observed in NH3 concentration with the addition of cinnamon leaf flour at 4% by 19.53%. Compared to the control, there was a decrease in microbial protein concentration, with 2% level showing the highest reduction of 16.67%. The addition of 1% level decreased the population of protozoa by 13.56%. VFA production increased with the addition of 3% cinnamon leaf meal in the ration, which included total VFA of 81.66 mM, acetic acid of 38.48 mM, propionic acid of 24.20 mM, butyric acid at 19.08 mM, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio of 1.60. This study showed that adding 3% cinnamon leaf flour, which was similar to 48 mg/kg DM of cinnamaldehyde, significantly (P<0,05) reduced NH3 and number of protozoa, maintained protein from microbes, and increased VFA production in the rumen in vitro
The potency of butanol fraction Syzygium cumini fruit as antimalarial on Plasmodium berghei infected mice
Get PDFPlasmodium berghei is the agent responsible for malaria in rodents. Medicinal plants significantly aid in malaria treatment, with Syzygium cumini fruit showing potential as an antimalarial. This study aimed to investigate the potency of the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit as an antimalarial on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, contributing to good health and well-being. Mice were divided into six groups: groups 1 to 4 were treated with the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kgBW, respectively, while distilled water served as a negative control and chloroquine at 25 mg/kgBW as a positive control. Each mouse had a thin blood smear sample taken, and after five days, the parasitemia levels were compared to those in untreated mice. The ED50 was calculated using probit analysis to determine the inhibition level over the five days. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in parasitemia percentage and inhibition at all doses compared to the negative control. The ED50 of the butanol fraction was determined to be 450 mg/kgBW, classifying it as a medium antimalarial. This study concluded that the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit has antimalarial potential against Plasmodium berghei in mice, promoting health and well-being
Adverse effect of chronic oral intubation of MSG on ECG, Endothelin-1, Nitric oxide, ATP synthase activity, and some minerals in male rabbits
Get PDF Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive with many applications. This substance is toxic to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of MSG on electrocardiogram alterations and some cardiac biomarkers. Twenty male rabbits were divided into two groups equally and randomly. Group one served as the control group and was intubated with tap water. The second group of rabbits received 8 mg/kg B.W of MSG orally for ten weeks. A cardiac puncture was performed to collect blood samples from rabbits in the 10th week of the experimental study to evaluate cardiac biomarkers. These included endothelin-1, troponin I, nitric oxide (NO), and enzyme activities such as ATPase and NO synthase in the serum. Furthermore, potassium, sodium, calcium levels, and electrocardiographic intervals (P, QRS, and T) were measured. The present study showed that cardiac troponin I, endothelin-1, ATP synthase, and NO synthase activity levels significantly increased in the MSG-treated animals, while NO synthase activity decreased significantly. Furthermore, the concentration of NO in the serum was found to decrease significantly. Additionally, there was a significant increase in hypernatremia and a significant decrease in hypokalemia. The electrocardiogram recordings of the MSG group showed prolonged waves (P, QRS, T) and intervals (ST, QT) compared to the electrocardiogram records of the control group. This study concluded that administering 8 mg/kg of intubated medication daily for 10 weeks impact the cardiac markers, leading to arrhythmia in the male rabbits
Prolactin gene in duck based on Genbank data sequences: A preliminary study
Get PDFThe prolactin gene is a candidate gene for egg weight, egg number, and egg production in ducks. This study aimed to perform genetics analysis, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, amino acid change, restriction enzyme, and phylogenetic tree. A preliminary study on the prolactin gene was carried out in 8 GenBank sequences of ducks. Polymorphism was screened in 8 prolactin gene sequences of duck (AB158611.1; JQ677091.2; GU984377.1; DQ660983.1; DQ345782.1; LC565023.1; NM001310372; DQ345783.1) using alignment with Bioedit ver. 7.2. The results showed that 87 SNPs were detected: 10 SNPs in the 5’UTR region, 3 SNPs in exon 1, 25 SNPs in intron 1, 4 SNPs in exon 2, 18 SNPs in intron 2, 2 SNPs in exon 3, 8 SNPs in intron 3, 1 SNP in exon 4, 9 SNPs in intron 4; 5 SNPs in exon 5 and 2 SNPs in 3’UTR. There were 9 SNPs in the exon region that changed amino acids. The main result of restriction enzyme mapping was discovered seven enzymes (AluI, BstKTI, DpnI, MboI, AciI, FatI, NlaIII) which recognized 4 SNPs regions based on restriction mapping using Bioedit. The recommendation for a restriction enzyme for the next step was the AluI enzyme. The results of this study provide further evidence of the role of the Prolactin gene as a candidate gene in duck.
A Comprehensive overview of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Egypt
Get PDFA significant event occurred in Egypt in 1991 when Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) was introduced, causing a serious threat to the rabbit industry. Because of its high morbidity and mortality, RHDV is an industry-destructive agent, causing financial losses in Egypt's production of rabbits. RHDV is a lagovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, which is the cause of RHD. Three RHD outbreaks have been identified in Egypt, the first, related to the classical RHD virus (RHDV), occurred in 1991; The second type, known as the variant virus (RHDVa), occurred in 2007; and the third, known as the variant virus (RHDVb/RHDV2), was identified in 2018, and the first part of 2019. RHD can affect rabbits of all ages, both domestic and wild. There are three ways that RHD manifests, per-acute, acute, and subacute or chronic forms. Rates of mortality are often extremely high, particularly during per acute and acute phases, and are linked to necrotic hepatitis. and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The liver, lungs, and spleen have been found to have the most significant lesions. The diagnosis of RHDV relies on clinical picture and laboratory investigations such as molecular, histological and serological techniques can be used. Despite the availability of RHDV vaccinations, outbreaks of the virus continue to occur in several Upper and Lower governorates in Egypt. Therefore, the most significant factors of prevention and control methods are the use of preventative inactivated vaccines in conjunction with the carrying out of sanitary measures. So, in this overview study, the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control measures of RHD are highlighted, with reference to the Egyptian situation from 1991 to 2024