Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on kidney of male albino rats with the potential ameliorative effect of alpha lipoic acid
Get PDF Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used in various industrial and medical applications. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) plays a great role in the antioxidant defense system. This research was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of ALA on MWCNTs induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Forty albino rats were assigned into four equal groups: Group â… (Control) was treated with 1% tween-80 (0.25 mL/rat/IP) for 5 days, followed by distilled water (2 mL/kg/PO) for 10 days, group â…¡ (ALA) was orally administered ALA suspension (200 mg/kg) for 10 days, group Ш (MWCNTs) was intraperitoneally injected with MWCNTs suspension at the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days followed by (2 mL/kg per day) distilled water for 10 days, and group â…£ (MWCNTs+ALA) was treated with MWCNTs (0.5 mg/kg, once, IP) for 5 days followed by ALA (200 mg/kg, PO) for 10 days. At the end of experiment, the rats were euthanized. Blood and kidney samples were collected from all rats for biochemical, kidney for histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. MWCNTs substantially increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, they markedly reduced glutathione levels. Additionally, MWCNTs induced several histopathological alterations, including dilatation and congestion of most glomeruli, degenerative changes of renal tubules and prominent interstitial hemorrhage. A significant increase in area percentage of caspase 3 and COX 2 in MWCNTs exposed rats. On the other hand, ALA administration alleviated the adverse toxic effects induced by MWCNTs. Conclusion, ALA significantly ameliorate MWCNTs-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms
Molecular Characterization, Hematobiochemical Changes and Therapeutic Management of Tick Born Haemoparasites in Naturally Infected Cattle
Get PDFIn this study, examination of infected cattle infested with tick, identification of collected tick samples were based on the12S rDNA PCR products as Rhipicephalus annulatus, the GenBank accession number is (OP650242). A total of 72 blood samples from crossbred cattle of both sexes were examined clinically and in the laboratory. Out of these, 43 cattle were healthy, while 19 (26.38%) had theileriosis and 10 (13.88%) had babesiosis. Hemogram analysis revealed distinct anemia patterns, with Babesia-infected cattle displaying macrocytic hypochromic anemia and theileria-infected ones showing normocytic normochromic anemia, both with reduced platelet counts. Babesia-infected cattle had elevated total leukocyte counts, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and lymphopenia, while Theileria-infected cattle had decreased total leukocyte counts, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia. In infected cattle, serum biochemistry showed increased ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea levels in both Babesia and Theileria infections. There was decreased serum protein, and albumin, in both cases. Oxidative stress revealed elevated serum malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and  catalase (CAT) levels in infected animals compared to controls. After administering Imidocarb dipropionate (1mg/kg S/C) and Buparvaquone (1ml/20kg I/M) to animals with babesiosis and theileriosis, respectively, there was a positive change in the hematological and biochemical measures, bringing them closer to the normal values. There is a genuine danger to the cattle industry in Egypt due to the existence of babesiosis, theileriosis, and their vector. Modern techniques like PCR should be utilized for precise monitoring and to prevent spread of such diseases. Furthermore, adverse effect of babesia and theileria on hematological and biochemical parameters can be eliminated through the appropriate use of Imidocarb dipropionate and Buparvaquone for babesiosis and theileriosis respectively
Seroprevalence of strangles in horses and donkeys in Mosul city, Iraq
Get PDFStrangles is considered an important equine contagious bacterial caused by Streptococcus equi. This study planned to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-S. equi antibodies in horses located in Mosul city, Iraq for the first time. The sera were collected from 184 animals (156 horses and 28 donkeys), and then they were screened by using indirect ELISA (iELISA) to effectively check the seroconverted animals. The results of this study showed that the total prevalence rate of strangles in horses was 12%, (0.0% in donkeys) and the seroprevalence rate in animals less than 3 years old was 20%, while in animals of ages 3 years and more, it was 7% (P< 0.05). The seroprevalence rate in racing and horses with respiratory signs was significantly higher than ones with Draught and apparently normal conditions (P< 0.05). Any significant relationship was not found between seropositive animals and sex, and among racing horses (P< 0.05). To close, the presence of anti-S. equi antibodies in the examined horses might require more attention to reduce the incidence of the disease in horse breeding centers found in the study zone
The Efficiency Of Thyme-Celery Mixture (TCM) In Reducing Physiological Stress Of Pregnant Ewes Under Two Different Housing Systems
No full textThis study set out to look at the efficacy of using thyme - celery mixture (TCM) supplementation in mitigating stress and improving the performance and behavior of pregnant ewes housed under two different conditions. Forty (40) pregnant ewes were randomly distributed into four groups; two groups were housed in the semi-shaded house (SS), including one group that was provided with TCM supplemented in diet (SST), and the other received no supplementation (SSNT). Similar to the first two groups were housed in a fully shaded house (FS), including one group that was provided with the same TCM supplementation (FST) and the other that received no supplementation (FSNT). Ewe's performance including weekly feed intake was monitored during the late stage of pregnancy, stress indicators were measured in blood. Besides, feeding behavior was recorded. As a result full shaded houses succeed to protect pregnant ewes from environmental changes despite the decreased feed intake. TCM supplementation didn’t achieve success in mitigating the physiological stress of pregnancy in both housing conditions but resulted in a significant increase in the feed intake of semi-shaded housed ewes
Influence of Long and Short-term Progesterone Administration on Estrous Synchronization and Reproductive Performance in Ewes During May Season
Get PDFEstrous synchronization is a promising management device to get better reproductive proficiency, particularly in ruminants. However, limited information is available about the influence of long and short-term progesterone administration on estrous synchronization and reproductive performance in ewes during May season, particularly in Egypt. In this study, a total of 144 ewes have been utilized for estrous synchronization and reproductive performance in ewes during May season. Ewes were separated into six groups with different treatments as follows: G1, control (natural mating), G2, ewes were treated with 20 mg Cronolone vaginal impregnated sponges (Flurgestone acetate, FGA). The sponge was remained intravaginal for 11 days. Each ewe was intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with 500 international unit (IU) Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on the day of sponge withdrawal (day 11), G3, ewes were treated with intra-vaginal sponges. The sponge was remained intra-vaginal for 11 days, on day 10, each ewe was injected with 25 mg ultra-short progesterone (P4) (1 ml Lutone). Each ewe was injected i.m. with PMSG (500 IU) on day 11. G4 ewes were treated with intra-vaginal sponges. The sponge was remained for 11 days. Teaser ram was introduced to treated ewes after sponge withdrawal. The 5th group (G5), ewes were treated with intra-vaginal sponges. The sponge was remained intravaginal for 11 days. On day 10, each ewe was injected with 25 mg P4 (1 ml Lutone). Teaser ram was introduced to treated ewes after sponge withdrawal. The 6th group (G6), the same treatment of G2, but the sponge was inserted intra-vaginal only for 6 days. Each ewe was i.m. injected with 500 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on day 6. Synchronization was better in G2, G3 and G6, respectively and all short-term group animals came into estrus. In addition, onset of estrus and its duration differs significantly among groups. Reproductive performance also showed a significant difference among groups and the short-term group has the highest fertility rate. Given the above information, our data concluded that progestagens synchronized estrus (long term or short term) and administration of PMSG (500 IU) at sponge withdrawal improves the reproductive efficiency of artificially inseminated crossbred ewes
Treatment of Red Sea Hawksbill Turtle, Eretmochelys Imbricata Suffered from Floating Syndrome Using Activated Charcoal-Simethicone Combination
Get PDFThe hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricate, is one of the most critically endangered marine turtle species worldwide. A juvenile Hawksbill Sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata was admitted to the diagnosis and treatment unit of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Hurghada in June 2022. It suffered from dehydration, generalized weakness, external injuries, and floating syndrome. Rehydration therapy was immediately initiated, followed by a treatment plan which included aspiration of the gases accumulated in the coelomic cavity. Even though temporary relief was achieved after each aspiration, the floating relapsed after 48h. Using a combination of activated charcoal and simethicone in parallel to the aspiration protocol, together with a broad-spectrum supporting antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy, achieved restauration of the gastric motility, decreased the accumulated gases, and allowed a complete recovery of the turtle
Role of Tribulus terrestris Against Cadmium-induced Toxicity on Thyroid Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats
Get PDFTribulus terrestris (Tt) is a herb distributed worldwide due to its beneficial claims on many diseases. This study aimed to study the role of Tt against Cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity on thyroid gland of adult male albino rats. Twenty-four rats were subdivided into four groups; (Control group) without any treatment, (Tt + Cd group) with a daily oral dose of Tt (5 mg/ kg b. wt.) for eight weeks, from the beginning of the ninth week, they injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl4 for 8 days, (Cd group) injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl4 for 8 days, (Cd + Tt group) injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl4 for eight days, from the ninth day they were given a daily oral dose of Tt (5 mg/ kg b. wt.) for eight weeks. Results revealed that levels of T4 and TAC decreased while levels of TSH and MDA increased in Cd group resulted in follicular cells degeneration, increasing the amount of collagen fibers, and increased positive immunoreactivity of PCNA. Administration of Tt before Cd injection increased levels of T4 and TAC while decreased levels of TSH and MDA. administration of Tt after Cd injection didn't affect T4, TSH, MDA and TAC levels. The pre-treatment with Tt protects the thyroid tissue from those destructive changes by Cd while the post-treatment did not treat them. Â In conclusion, Tribulus terrestris is highly effective in shielding the thyroid gland from further damaging effects of Cd -induced oxidative stress when utilized as prophylactic antioxidant rather than treatment therapy
Multivariate Analysis on Reproductive and Productive Traits of Egyptian Buffaloes
Get PDFReproductive indices including age of first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and number of services per conception (S/C) have vital role in assessing the breeding efficiency. Moreover, productive traits including milk yield and lactation period are significantly affected by reproductive indices. Therefore, the study was design to illustrate the variations in reproductive and productive traits of Egyptian buffaloes using multivariate analysis. Records of 887 Egyptian buffalo were gathered from a study farm in Egypt's Ismailia Province. Using version 26 of the statistical package for social science software, all data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) (SPSS V. 26.0). Our findings indicated that Egyptian buffaloes who calved in the winter produced more milk (2250.09 kg) than those that calved at other times of the year, but that the summer calvers produced the least milk (2117.58 kg). The buffaloes with CI >15-month (2290.76 kg), DO between 201-300 days (2300.57 kg), and three or more services (2411.73 kg) had the highest MY. Animals with DP < 167 days had the largest milk output (2260.9 kg), whereas those with DP <167 days had the lowest AFC (28.54 month), CI (13.57 month), and DO (150.49 days). Furthermore, highly milk producer buffaloes more than 3000 Kg had prolonged CI and DO. In conclusion, reproductive traits adversely affect the milk production that was distinguished via the retardation of breeding efficiency traits in highly milk producers’ Egyptian buffaloes. Therefore, attention should be paid to overcome the economic losses to improve this industry.
 
Macrolides-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Clinical Mastitis in Cattle and Buffalo in Egypt
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the bacteria most frequently associated with mastitis in cattle and buffalo, has a large number of genes connected to antibiotic resistance. The objective of the current research was to determine the erythromycin and macrolide resistance of S. aureus isolated from mastitic milk of cattle and buffalo, particularly resistance-related genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT, and msrA). Therefore, 150 dairy cattle and 135 dairy buffalo bred by small farmers in various governorates of Egypt (Cairo, Giza, Kalyobia, Fayoum, and Kafr El-Sheikh) provided a total of 285 milk samples. Inspection revealed that a total of 34 (22.7%) and 36 (26.7%) milk samples from cattle and buffalo, respectively, had clinical mastitis. With a total recovery of 31 (44.3%) S. aureus isolates. Bacterial isolation and identification of S. aureus verified the isolation and identification of 14 (41.2%) and 17 (47.2%) S. aureus isolates from cattle and buffalo, respectively. Utilizing a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method that targets the nuc gene, all S. aureus isolates were verified. In instances of bovine mastitis in India and Kenya, conventional PCR targeting the nuc gene, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, revealed a high homology (100%) with that of S. aureus strains isolated from milk. For the tested genes, the prevalence of resistant strains was 9.6% (ermA), 64.5% (ermB), 70.9% (ermC), 19.3% (ermT), and 9.6%. (msrA). Therefore, effective control measures should be adopted to stop the spread of drug-resistant S. aureus to humans.
Â
Comparison of Different Anesthetic Regimens using Isoflurane and Propofol as Constant-Rate Infusion for Long-term Anesthesia in Dogs
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to compare between three anesthetic protocols for long-term anesthesia (2 h); protocol 1: xylazine (1mg/kg)/ketamine (10mg/kg) and inhalation of isoflurane in 100% of oxygenprotocol 2: xylazine (1mg/kg)/ketamine (10mg/kg) and propofol (24mg/kg/h) by CRI, and protocol 3: propofol (5mg/kg) and propofol (12mg/kg/h) by CRI. Three clinically healthy adult mongrel dogs of both sexes were used. Food and water were withheld for 12 and 6 h before induction of anesthesia, respectively. Intravenous catheter was placed in the cephalic vein. A wash-out period of 15 days was allowed between protocols. For all protocols (1, 2, and 3), physiological parameters were recorded using a patient monitor. Depth of anesthesia and muscle relaxation were determined by recording various reflexes. Times of first limb movement, regaining swallowing reflex and extubation, sternal recumbency, and standing were recorded. Quality of recovery was also recorded. Venous blood samples were collected into EDTA-containing Vacutainer tubes immediately before anesthesia, 10min after induction with ketamine/propofol, one hour and two h of anesthesia and after complete recovery for hematological analysis by using an automated machine. Data were recorded and expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed with commercial statistical software. Results revealed slight variations among animals of the three protocols in the physiological parameters. The quality and depth of anesthesia were excellent in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and were good in dogs during propofol infusion. The duration of deep anesthesia during propofol infusion was shorter than isoflurane, with the shortest duration in protocol 3. There were variations among animals of the three protocols in the recovery parameters. The mean scores of the recovery quality were 4.3, 4.7, and 4 for protocols 1, 2, and 3, respectively, which sited between good and excellent scores of recoveries. Slight ataxia was recorded in a dog of protocol 1. However, ataxia and urination were recorded in dogs of protocols 1 and 2. In conclusion, the effect of isoflurane and propofol on physiological parameters of dogs during long-term anesthesia was minimum and recovery was uneventful. The quality and depth of anesthesia were excellent in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and were good in dogs during propofol infusion. The duration of deep anesthesia during propofol infusion was shorter than isoflurane, with the shortest duration in protocol 3 (12mg/kg/h). Isoflurane provides more reliable and consistent anesthetic plane plus it's not expensive as propofol. However, it requires special equipment. Propofol achieved effective anesthesia, with fast induction and less hypothermia than isoflurane administration. Apnea was recorded in two dogs after initial induction with propofol