Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Hygienic, Pathological and Economic Impacts of Liver Lesions at some Slaughterhouses in Suez Canal Region, Egypt
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Liver is budget-friendly and full of nutrients including protein, and micronutrients as vitamin B12, vitamin A, riboflavin, copper, and iron. Liver appeared as the most affected organ among offal of slaughtered animals. This work had studied the pathological lesions in a total of 85200 different slaughtered animals in many providence abattoirs in Suez Canal region through year 2021. The direct economic loss from organs condemnation (Kg) was also assessed. In 2021, a total of 4200, 64800 and 16200 camels, cattle, and sheep respectively were slaughtered for domestic consumption. The percent of liver lesions from camels, cattle, and sheep were 1.04%, 3.62%, and 2.85 respectively. The total economic losses due to the liver condemnation of camel, cattle and sheep were 31680 LE (2023 ) and 138600 LE (8851 ). The results of the current study made clear the need for the creation of an efficient program to combat Egypt's meat-related social problems
Application of Chitosan and Omega-3 Supplementation on Blood Constituents, Immunity, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Broiler Chicks
Get PDFThis experiment investigated the impact of chitosan (CHI), omega-3, and CHI as a delivery system for omega-3 on blood constituents, immunity, and antioxidant enzymes, in broiler chicks. Eighty (one-day-old) broiler chicks were assigned to four groups, each with 20 chicks (two replicates of 10 chicks each). The first group was a control group that did not receive any supplementation, while the other groups received different treatments, such as CHI or omega-3, either alone or in combination (over a peroid of 42 days). The results showed that all the supplemented groups had improved immune systems, as evidenced by higher white blood cell counts, lymphocyte percentages, and lower heterophil, and lymphocyte ratios. Additionally, the supplemented groups had higher levels of serum protein fractions, immunoglobulins, and antibody titer against ND and AI viruses. Furthermore, the study revealed that the supplemented groups had an increase in the bursa of Fabricius index, spleen index, and thymus index at both 28 and 42 days. The SOD and GSH serum levels also increased significantly in the supplemented groups. In conclusion, using CHI and omega-3 as a delivery system in broiler chicks had beneficial effects on blood constituents, immunity, and antioxidant enzymes, in broiler chicks
Marbofloxacin Influence on Haemato-biochemical Alterations in Diarrheic Calves Infected with Salmonella spp.
Get PDFSalmonella spp.; a major zoonotic pathogen worldwide could cause serious diseases that hinder the productivity in calf farms. This study discussed the antibacterial efficacy of the Marbofloxacin drug in calves affected with Salmonella spp. and how it impacted the animal body’s haemato-biochemical changes. Salmonella spp. was isolated from diarrheic cases (18.8%) along with other bacteria which were also isolated in varying degrees. Salmonella isolates exhibited multiple serovars’ identities. Also, they exhibited a multidrug resistant (MDR) pattern. Moreover, PCR approach confirmed both genotypic and phenotypic resistance traits of highly virulent MDR Salmonella isolates. In a trial to evaluate the anti-Salmonella effect of the Marbofloxacin drug, three groups of calves were divided; the first group (G1) was diarrheic without any drug administration, the second (G2) was diarrheic but intramuscularly administered with Marbofloxacin (2ml/50 Kg B.W.) while the control (healthy) group was (G3). The haemato-biochemical results of Salmonella infected group recorded significant increases in RBCs count, PCV, Hb, and leukocytes with marked neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Moreover, high rates of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine were recorded as well as serum globulin (P<0.05) was extremely increased. Also, a high increase of serum potassium but with notably limited levels of both glucose and sodium was stated. Meanwhile, after treatment, all haemato-biochemical and mineral parameters in G2 were completely improved. In conclusion, the Marbofloxacin drug impacted positively on animal health and in vitro, it completely overcomes calf Salmonella infection which in turn enhances the growth curves of these animals and considerable financial profits.
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Anti-obesity Effects of Foods Producing Hydrogen Sulfide in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet
Get PDFThe goal of this research was to determine the impact of garlic oil and leek powder on serum lipid levels and on sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway in a rat model of hyperlipidemia, to offer evidence supporting the use of diet as a means of preventing hyperlipidemia, and to further investigate the possible health advantages of these two H2S-donors. In this study, 80 males Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, for a period of 18 weeks, the rats were orally dosed with garlic oil and leek powder. Obesity indicators, serum lipid levels, some biochemical, molecular parameters and histopathology of liver tissues were determined. Compared to rats in the obese model groups, the garlic oil and leek powder reduced cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels in the serum (P < 0.05). The garlic oil and leek powder also helped reduce hepatic steatosis and enhance lipid profiles. A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of Patched 1 (Ptch1), smoothened (SMO), glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI 1), Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4), and nuclear factor kappa kB (NF-kB). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip-1), and miRNA 26a which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. The obtained findings suggested that both garlic oil and leek powder as H2S donor had anti-obesity capabilities that can mitigate the effects of an HFD
Promoting Efficacy of Human Platelet Lysate on Proliferation of Mammalian Cell Lines Used for Vaccine Production
Get PDFThe current study was conducted to determine to what extent human platelet lysate (HPL) can be used to enhance the growth of three cell lines used for propagation of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus (BEFV) and Rabies virus (RV) for vaccine production. HPL; Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) and Newborn Calf Serum (NBCS) were used as supplements to the used cell culture medium (Minimum Essential Medium “MEMâ€) for passaging of three cell lines including baby hamster kidney (BHK-21); African green monkey kidney (VERO) and Madin Derby canine kidney (MDCK). Through three successive cell culture passages; for each cell line; it was found that HPL supported growth and propagation of BHK-21, VERO and MDCK cell lines without altering their morphologic and functional characteristics. It has been accepted as a suitable alternative to FBS and NBCS, and it can be used in vaccinal production
Quality Assessments of Aflatoxin M1 Residues in Milk and Some Milk Products in Dakahlia Governorate
Get PDFThis work was planned to qualitatively assess AFM1 residues in milk as well as milk product samples. Cow’s raw milk, Aged Roomy cheese, Domiati and Kariesh cheese (50 of each type) were collected from various supermarkets in Mansoura governorate in Egypt during 2020-2022. Samples were tested using the TLC method, positive samples from TLC method were exposed to the HPLC method for detection of their levels and their concentrations were compared with the permissible limits. The obtained results showed high incidence in raw cow milk (36%) followed by fresh Kariesh cheese (28%), then aged roomy cheese (24%), and then Damietta cheese  (12%) collected from the local markets in Mansoura by TLC. The obtained concentrations in analyzed dairy samples were compared with the Permissible Limits (PL) set by the concerning agents [US, EU] by quantitative detection using HPLC. The detectable concentration of AFM1 in raw milk and cheese by HPLC showed high concentration of aflatoxin M1 in aged roomy cheese  (121.08) followed by raw cow milk  (80.83), followed by fresh Kariesh cheese  (50.14), and then Damietta cheese  (35.33) collected from the local markets in in Dakahlia governorate. The current study's findings showed that raw milk and cheese sold in Mansoura city are occasionally contaminated with AFM1. As a result, it is strongly advised to effectively heat treat raw milk and give animals nutrition free of aflatoxins
Ameliorative Effects of Vitamin E against Ceftriaxone-induced Adverse Effects in Broilers Challenged with E. coli
Get PDFCeftriaxone is a broad spectrum antimicrobial that commonly used in chicken farms for the purpose of the control of avian bacterial diseases. However, the use of ceftriaxone can be associated with some adverse effects. This study examined vitamin E's protective properties against ceftriaxone-induced histopathological, inflammatory, and oxidative damage in broiler chickens challenged with E. coli. When broiler chicks are exposed to E. coli O78, colibacillosis was developed. The sickened birds displayed a variety of general clinical symptoms. Ceftriaxone was used as a treatment and could lower morbidity and fatality rates to 10% and 4%, respectively. The use of ceftriaxone was associated with the occurrence of some histopathological lesions. In addition, either E. coli or ceftriaxone could cause alterations in erythrogram, antioxidant status, and induction of inflammatory markers. Interestingly, the use of vitamin E with ceftriaxone could markedly improve the histopathological alterations and upregulate the antioxidant status and reduce the release of the inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the present study's findings showed that ceftriaxone is a powerful antibacterial drug, especially when used to treat E. coli in broilers. Vitamin E is strongly advised for usage in broilers to minimize ceftriaxone-induced adverse effects.Â
In vitro Utility of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles and Antifungal Drugs for the Treatment of Mycotic Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Egypt
Get PDFBovine mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma in cows. It is caused by multiple pathogens including bacteria and fungi. Mycotic mastitis is a secondary disease following improper frequent use of antibiotics or an unhygienic environment. The treatment of rising cases of mycotic mastitis is still controversial because of the rapid resistance acquired by the traditional use of antifungal drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), alternative therapy for traditional antifungal drugs, to combat fungal isolates from mastitic cows by examining the in vitro antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs. One hundred milk samples were aseptically collected from cows suffering from clinical mastitis in a governorate in Egypt. The fungal isolates were identified by their colony morphology and microscopical examination and subsequent underwent determining the MIC of traditional antifungal drugs and ZnO-NPs using the disc diffusion methods. Our results showed that 70% of milk samples were positive for mycotic mastitis with 30% yeasts, 15% molds, and 25% yeast and molds. Candida was the most common yeast species isolated. Rhodotorula, c. guilliermondii, c. parapsillosis, and c. albicans showed entire resistant (100%) to all traditional antifungal drugs whereas, the same isolates, except c. albicans, were susceptible to ZnO-NPs. Mold spp. were susceptible to ZnO-NPs and only Itraconazole, and Clotrimazole. ZnO-NPs are highly effective and promising inexpensive antimicrobial agent for the treatment of bovine mycotic mastitis
Role of Silver Nanoparticles Synthetized by Marine Red Algae, Acanthophora spicifera, Against Saprolegniosis in Oreochromis niloticus
Get PDFThe anti-fungal activity of Acanthophora spicifera-synthetized silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) was tested in vitro against S. australis. In vivo, 160 Oreochromis niloticus (25 ± 0.57 grams) were separated into 4 groups; group 1 and group 2 received 0 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L AS-AgNPs, respectively, and were not exposed to S. australis. Group 3 and group 4 were experimentally infected with S. australis and imperiled to 0 and 0.9 mg/L AS-AgNPs for 96 hours, respectively. At all levels, survival rates, non-specific immune indices, antioxidant activities, and expression analysis of IL-8 and TNF-α genes in the anterior kidneys were estimated. Moreover, histopathological pictures of the skin and underlying musculature were investigated. Results showed that AS-AgNPs produced an inhibitory zone with a diameter of around 12 millimeters. A significant survival rate (72.50%) accompanied by marked non-specific immune responses and antioxidant activities was recorded in the infected-treated group. The histopathological picture of the skin and underlying musculature of diseased fish (group 3) exhibited degenerative changes in the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin and the myocytes. Intriguingly, infected fish treated with AS-AgNPs (group 4) showed normal histological structures of the skin and underlying musculature. Based on these findings, AS-AgNPs have a curative outcome against the destructive effects of S. australis infection and are a potential option for the control of S. australis infection in aquaculture
Prevalence of Equine Wounds and Associated Risk Factors in Different Agro-ecological zones of Lesotho
Get PDFThe contribution of equines in sustaining the livelihoods of many people, particularly in developing countries is evident. However, their socioeconomic importance is often overlooked and consequently they are given poor husbandry practices which substantially threaten their welfare. The occurrence of wounds is among other health threads which stem from such poor practices. A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 420 randomly selected equine from September to December 2022 with the objective to determine the prevalence of equine wounds and identifying influencing factors associated with the prevalence. Binary logistic regression was used for determining the prevalence of wounds in different parameters. Odds ratios (OR) were used to determine the degree of association between the different risk factors and the wound. The overall prevalence of equine wound was 39.0% from which 53.5% and 23.9% of wound prevalence were detected in horses and donkeys, respectively. The prevalence of wound differed significantly between different sex groups where males (50.7%) were highly affected than females (26.6%). The agro-ecological zone was found to have a significant influence on the occurrence of wounds where equines in the mountains and the foothills (46.6%) and (44.9%) respectively had higher record than those in the lowlands (26.9%). The distribution of wounds differed significantly between different body regions and more records were obtained at the back (50.0%) and the least on the legs (11.6%). The observed wound categories differed significantly, and more records were on abrasion (40.9%) and the least on incision (9.1%). It is concluded that wounds represent serious welfare problem in equines in the study area