Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Impact of Calves Gender Birth Weights on Predicting the Future Performance of Friesian Cattle under Farm Conditions
Get PDFA total of 4913 Friesian cows at Sakha Experimental Farm were analyzed between 1975 and 2020 to determine the effects of gender calf birth weight (CBW) on the future performance of their dams. The fixed effects of CBW classified into five groups: < 25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 and >40kg on lactation period, total (TMY) and 305- day (305MY) milk yield, age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), days open (DO), and calving interval (CI), as well as their genetic (rG) and phenotypic correlations with CBW, were estimated using BLUPF90 software. Increased CBW had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on milk productivity; the maximum TMY was obtained at >36 kg for males, but at > 31 kg for females in 305MY. Until >40 kg, CBW had a linear effect on AFC and CI (P< 0.001). High positive rG estimates were obtained between CBW categories with TMY and 305MY, ranging from 0.48 to 0.89 and 0.23 to 0.87, respectively. Moderate to high positive rG estimates were obtained between CBW and reproductive traits, ranging from 0.24 to 0.76 for dams. Selection for intermediate CBWs combined under appropriate management conditions should be beneficial for maximizing milk production, controlling fertility, with delivering healthy calves without dystocia
Ultrasonography, Cardiac Biomarkers and Biochemical Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool in Traumatic Reticulitis and its Sequelae in Egyptian Buffaloes
Get PDFThis study was performed for early diagnosis of traumatic reticulitis (TR), traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) and traumatic pericarditis (TP) in buffaloes based on clinical, ultrasonography and biochemical analysis. Fifty-eight buffaloes were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Zagazig University, Egypt. the investigated buffaloes were divided into 4 groups, Group I was the control, group II suffered from TR, group III suffered from TRP, and group IV suffered from TP. The most prominent clinical signs of diseased cases were anorexia, sudden, and severe reduction of milk yield, abnormal ruminal movement varied from ruminal atony and ruminal stasis and recurrent tympany. In addition, buffaloes with TP showed edema at the dewlap, distension of jugular veins and abnormal heart sound (muffled and tinkling sound). Ultrasonographically, peritoneum and pericardium appeared as either mild or massive anechoic accumulations of fluid containing fibrin thread Corrugation of the reticular wall was varied from moderate to severe. Deposits of fibrinous tissue interspersed with fluid pockets were seen between the reticulum, dorsal ruminal sac and diaphragm. Serum troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) were significantly higher in the TP group compared with control, TR and TRP groups. Moreover, IL-6, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly higher in the TRP and TP group compared with control and TR groups. Therefore, it was concluded that cardiac biomarkers and ultrasonography is an excellent tool for early prediction and diagnosis of TRP and TP in buffaloes. moreover, TP in buffaloes had more significant changes in biochemistry than the TRP buffaloes
Isolation and Identification of Food Poisoning Bacteria from some Dairy Farms in El-Menoufia Governorate using VITEK 2
Get PDFBecause milk is rich in nutrients, it creates an environment conducive to the growth of bacteria that could be harmful to consumers. Therefore, assessing of its bacteriological quality and the resistance of these pathogens to several antibiotic groups is very important. VITEK 2 compact detected E. coli, Salmonellae spp., S. aureus and B. cereus in the examined samples while it failed to detect Listeria spp. The serological identification of E. coli showed the presence of O44: H18, O127: H6, O159, O15: H2, and O91: H21. Also, Salmonella serotypes as           S. enteritidis (25%), S. infantis (12.5%), S. kentucky (12.5%), S. montevideo (6.25%), S. shangani (12.5%), S. tsevie (12.5%). S. typhimurium (18.75%). Furthermore, the entero-toxigenic strains of S. aureus were 31.25% of the identified strains; the percentage of entero-toxigenic strains that secrete A, A&C and D enterotoxin were 60%, 20% and (20%); respectively. Ampicillin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime, cefovecin, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole were all ineffective against the isolated E. coli strains. Intermediate sensitive to cefalothin while they were sensitive to cefalexin, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, pradofloxacin, doxycycycline, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, the isolated S. aureus exhibited resistance to tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin also; it showed intermediate resistance to rifampicin. The identified S. aureus strains were also susceptible to linezolid, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole
Genomic sequence analysis reveals new bacteriophage genome JH2
Get PDFIn this study, an E. coli phage JH2 was isolated from swine feces on an industrial farm. Bacteriophage JH2 could carry 85% (n = 32) O8 ETEC (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli) strains when 81 alike-strains from Vietnam and China were tested. The genome size could be as large as JH2 had 77187 bps, a linear, double-stranded and CG = 38.89%. It shared a height similarity of 94.9% to Staphylococcus phage SA1 of GU169904 with 147303 bps, which is about double the size. JH2 carried 22 tRNA and no gene for known toxins. Under the electronic microscope the phage presented icosahedral heads, necks, contractile and long tails, and it belonged to the Myoviridae family. The phage demonstrated high stability to the physical and chemical factors, thermal sensitivity at 60 °C and acid and alkaline resistance (pH = 5-9). The genome of JH2 contained 131 putative open reading frames (ORFs). One hundred and twenty-six ORFs (out of 131) were predicted and 121 ORFs had putative functions. From database, 22 tRNAs were predicted in the JH2 genome. Staphylococcus phage SA1 contains an almost complete phage genome of JH2 phage. The complete genome sequence of JH2 was analyzed. Comparing the complete genome sequences of JH2 and Staphylococcus phage SA1 showed 94.9% similarity
Impact of supplementing duck diets with Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) leaves
Get PDFThe present work was carried out to study the effect of different levels of Moringa Oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) content as untraditional feedingstuff constituents on ducks performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and meat chemical composition. A total of 50 mulard ducklings (two weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 ducklings each. The first group was considered the control group (T1) and was fed ad-libitum on a grower-finisher diets. The remaining four groups (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were fed on diets containing MOLM at levels of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric (3000 kcal/kg ME) and isonitrogenous (16% CP) as recommended by NRC (1994) for growing ducks. The experiment was extended for 8 weeks. Growth performance parameters include body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed-to-gain ratio, relative growth rate, performance index, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, energy intake and calorie efficiency ratio were all recorded. At the end of the experiment, three randomly selected ducks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics, meat chemical composition and blood biochemical parameters. The results showed that ducks fed diets containing 2 and 4% MOLM had higher in body weight and weight gain than ducks fed diets containing 6 and 8% MOLM. Feeding of different levels of MOLM to ducklings had no significant effect on feed consumption. The best feed conversion ratio was recorded in group T3 followed by group T2 compared to other tested groups and control T1. Ducks in group T3 fed on 4% MOLM showed improvements in their relative growth rate (RGR) and performance index (PI) compared to other tested and control groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between the control group and the other tested groups in terms of protein intake and protein efficiency ratio, as well as energy intake and calorie efficiency ratio of ducks. Pre-slaughter weight, eviscerated weight and dressing weight were significantly higher in groups T2, T3, T4 fed (2%, 4%, 6%) MOLM compared to those fed on 8% MOLM and control diets. There were no significant differences in the relative weights of the internal organs (liver, heart, proventriculus, gizzard and spleen). Supplementation of duck diets with MOLM significantly (P<0.05) increased DM, CP, EE of the breast and thigh meat compared to the control group, while ash content was not affected. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences between different experimental groups in hematological pictures, except for WBCs, lymphocytic count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT) and platelets. Inclusion of MOLM in duck diets reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while the serum total protein and its fractions (albumin and globulin) were not affected. It was concluded that supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in duck diets had beneficial effects on the growth performance parameters, meat composition and carcass characteristics, as well as improved the immunity by increasing the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes and reduced serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations.
 
Incidence of Some Foodborne Pathogens in Retailed Beef Luncheon and Kofta at El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the microbial aspect of some meat products by performing S. aureus count, detection of S. aureus enterotoxins as well as isolation and identification of some food poisoning bacteria. Therefore, fifty random samples of beef luncheon and kofta (25 of each) were equally collected from different localities in Gharbia governorate, then bacteriologically examined, where values of S. aureus count were 7.61×102± 0.54×102 in beef luncheon, 2.82×103± 0.39×103 (cfu/g) in kofta samples. Meanwhile, in beef luncheon enterotoxin B and enterotoxin (A&D) were detected with a percentage of 4% of each, while in kofta samples enterotoxin A, enterotoxin D, and enterotoxin (A&C) were detected with a percentage of 8%, 4%, and 4%, respectively. Moreover, Salmonellae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Listeria were detected at 16%, 20%, 20%, and 20% in the examined beef luncheon. while, in kofta samples 24 %, 36%, 28% and 16%, respectively. Meanwhile, E. coli identified as O26 : H11, O44 : H18, O78, O91 : H21, O103 : H2, O111 : H4, O127 : H6, O146 : H21 and O159 with various percentages. Salmonella spp. identified as S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Labadi, S. Infantis, and S. Molade. On the other side, Listeria species serologically identified as L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocuai, and L. welshimeri. Moreover, isolated serotypes of K. pneumonia as K1 and K2 were 16%, and 4% in luncheon samples. While 16% and 12% were in kofta samples. Furthermore, high virulent K. pneumonia (HVKP) and classic K. pneumonia (CKP) were 12% and 8% in luncheon, while were 20% and 8% in kofta samples, respectively. Achieved results in the current study proved that most of the examined meat products were contaminated with E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, Listeria spp. and K. pneumonia, this considered objectionable, as they render the product of inferior quality and unfit for consumption
Â
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lytic Bacteriophages as a Potential Therapeutic Alternative to Traditional Antibiotics
Get PDFThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to increased bacterial infections that are difficult to treat. Bacteriophage therapy presents a potential solution to this problem. In this study, three phages isolated from different water sources in Ismailia were identified as potential candidates for bacteriophage therapy to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The phages were characterized according to morphology, host range, physical characteristics, and genetic differences. Based on their head and tail features, TEM images were utilized to identify two phages from the Siphoviridae family and one from the Myoviridae family. The phages were also tested for their tolerance to different physical and chemical factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, chloroform, and exposure to the laser, blood plasma, and essential oils. The three phages exhibited different preferences and tolerances to these factors, suggesting that they may be effective against different bacterial strains of P. aeruginosa in different environments. The study demonstrates the potential of phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotic therapy and highlights the importance of understanding phage characteristics in developing effective phage formulations.
 
Bacteriological Quality of Fresh Broiler Chickens Traded in the Markets
Get PDFA total of 50 random samples of freshly slaughtered broiler chickens were randomly collected from different private local poultry retailers in Port-Said Province, Egypt, and then transferred to Animal Health Research Institute. The study was conducted for the determination of the total colony counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, total Staphylococcus aureus count, and total Escherichia coli count. In addition to the detection of Salmonella spp. The obtained results revealed that the total colony count ranged from 3.98 to 6.91 log cfu/g with a mean value of 6.33+5.59 log cfu/g and the Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 2.23 to 4.82 with a mean value of 4.21+3.52. Meanwhile, the incidence rate of S. aureus, E. coli, and salmonella in the examined samples was 10%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. The count of S. aureus ranged from 1 to 3 log cfu/g with a mean value of 2.47±1.61 log cfu/g and the E. coli count ranged from 2.11 to 3.74 log cfu/g with a mean value of 3±2.28 log cfu/g. The total colony counts were within the Egyptian Standard by 24% and exceed the standard by 76%. From the achieved results, it was concluded that chicken meat could be contaminated with several types of bacteria through slaughtering, handling, and cross-contamination in the market which affect the chicken meat quality and have public health hazards. The high contamination level of chicken meat indicates the poor hygienic measures applied during the slaughtering process and marketing.
 
Preparation of a Newly Developed Trivalent Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Vaccine with an Evaluation of its Protective Efficacy in Chickens
Get PDFPoultry, mainly chickens, and their white meat represent one of the main, nutritionally valuable, and affordable red meat replacer sources of protein throughout the whole world with special reference to developing countries. A long list of microbial agents especially bacterial pathogens threatens chickens’ production cycles. They constitute one of the major problems facing the rapidly expanding poultry industry and are responsible for considerable economic losses. Fowl cholera, infectious coryza, and ornithobacteriosis (ORT) were among the serious bacterial infections that affect the respiratory tract of chickens with a global adverse effect on poultry production. A formalinized whole culture vaccine composed of Pasteurella multocida serotypes A5, A8, A9, and D2, Avibacterium paragallinarum serotypes A and C, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale serotype A was prepared. This polyvalent vaccine proved to be safe producing no adverse side effects when injected in chickens. The immunizing efficacy of this vaccine was evaluated in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, which were immunized at 6 weeks of age. The protective efficacy of the vaccine was determined using a challenge test. The developed vaccine was effective in protecting chickens against fowl cholera, infectious coryza, and ornithobacteriosis in chickens against challenge with these pathogens. Vaccinated chickens challenged with virulent Pasteurella multocida serotypes A5, A8, A9, and D2 showed protection rates of 86.6%, 93.3%, 93.3%, and 93.3%, respectively, as compared with 100% mortality in the non-vaccinated control. Vaccinated chickens challenged with Avibacterium paragallinarum serotypes A and C showed 86.6% and 93.3% protection rates, respectively. Also, the protection rate against challenges with virulent Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale serotype A reached 96.6%.
Â
Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows: Related Risk Factors and Pre-partum Predictive Biomarkers
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to monitor the role of some risk factors on the incidence of endometritis in the herd, in addition to investigating the ability to make early pre-partum forecasting for occurrence of endometritis. 110 Holstein Friesian cows aged from 3-5 years were enrolled in this study. Cytological examination using a cytobrush (CB) and Indian MAP rapid stain kit (Indian MAP scientific©) for counting of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) under microscope was used as the most accurate tool to discriminate between healthy cows and those affected with subclinical endometritis (SCE) at either 21 or 45 days postpartum (dpp). Serum analysis was used to measure the level of Albumin and Haptoglobin (Hp) in serum of dam at day 7 before parturition and at 21 and 45 dpp. Male calf and rainy season of parturition have a significant effect on the incidence of endometritis (P <0.05). According to our study results, the prevalence of CE (N=15) is 16.48%, whereas that of SCE (N=34) is 37.36%. Albumin (a negative acute-phase protein) level has been discovered to be a trustworthy predictor of sickness risk in transition period and fresh cows. The standard range of Albumin in cow’s serum is (2.8-3.9 g/dl). Albumin was markedly higher in healthy cows than diseased cows either prior to parturition or after 21 and 45 days in milk (DIM), The pre-partum Hp concentration between the SCE and healthy groups in this study was significantly different in a deceptive way. Hp concentration in the SCE group, however, was significantly different from the control group at 21 DIM (0.10±0.01 g/l vs. 0.05±0.002 g/l). So, Hp concentration is a satisfactory diagnostic, not a prognostic test.
Â