Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Biosecutiy Assessment in Some Egyptian Broiler Farms in Relation to The Prevalence of Colibacillosis and Salmonellosis
Get PDF The implementation of biosecurity practices in broiler farms is a must for its success. This study was carried out to score the biosecurity measures in three broiler farms in the Dakahliya – Egypt in relation to the seasonal prevalence of colibacillosis and salmonellosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected three broiler farms of different housing systems from (July 2022- June 2023). A total of 540 litter samples were collected during four successive seasons. The computed average score for the three broiler farms; A, B, & C was 14, 15 and 26, respectively, out of 39 estimated items. The findings showed that farm C had better levels of commitment and discipline to biosecurity measures than the other two broiler farms. Highly significant increases of E. coli (p<0.0001) in summer compared to other seasons in the broiler farms with the lowest prevalence rate in farm C with the highest biosecurity score. The same pattern was found for Salmonella prevalence of (p<0.0001) in broiler farms during summer months. Insufficient biosecurity measures in broiler houses were not enough to prevent the entrance and multiplication of E. coli & Salmonella spp. Disciplines, commitment, and regulations of biosecurity need to be enforced in broiler houses to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases
Molecular Typing of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes with Mutation Tracking of gyrA Gene of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Strains of Campylobacter Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Get PDF Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis globally. A total of 182 fully identified strains of Campylobacter species (42 C. coli and 140 C. jejuni) collected from 6 broiler farms were subjected to studying the antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular typing of virulence (cadF, ctdA, dnaJ waaC,iam, and fla) and antimicrobial resistance genes (blaOXA-61, gyrA, tetA, tetO, and IR) with sequencing of gyrA region of one strain of fluroquinolones resistant C. coli and C. jejuni. The identified isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Furthermore, both meropenem and imipenem were effective against the recovered isolates. The tested C. jejuni and C. coli strains had 100%, 83.3%, and 83.3% prevalence of cadF, ctdA, and dnaJ virulence genes, respectively, while waaC, iam, and fla genes couldn’t be detected. The blaOXA-61 resistance gene was found in all of the Campylobacter spp. examined. Furthermore, gyrA, tetA, tetO, and IR resistance genes were found in 100%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 66.7% of the retrieved C. jejuni strains, respectively. Likewise, resistance genes were found in 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 66.7% of the retrieved C. coli strains, respectively. Approximately 58% (7/12) of the Campylobacter spp. recovered were MDR. Furthermore, 50% (3/6) of the C. jejuni strains recovered were MDR, while 66.7% (4/6) of the C. coli isolates recovered were MDR with MARI(0.22-0.55). For detection of mutations of the gyrA gene, the sequence data of two isolates (C. jejuni and C.coli) were analyzed against the reference sequence on the gene bank where the C. jejuni strain had six mutations, while the C. coli strain had twenty-three. The current findings suggest that MDR Campylobacter strains in poultry may be able to transmit highly virulent Campylobacter as a foodborne pathogen
Genetic Analysis of mecA Gene of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Canine and Feline Origins
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to determine the genetic relatedness between Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pet animals and human. In that context, 561 swabs were collected from dogs (n=238) and cats (n=323). In addition, 30 MRSA positive isolates from Qasr Elainy hospital, from different patients were also included. The collected samples were subjected for bacteriological examination for isolation of S. aureus. The recovered S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin were tested for the presence of mecA, mecC, spa, and nuc genes by PCR, followed by a sequence analysis of the mecA gene in seven selected isolates. Out of 238 swab samples collected from dogs and 323 swab samples collected from cats, 13 (5.46%) and 8 (2.48%) isolates respectively were confirmed to be MRSA. In addition, the 30 human isolates were all categorized as MRSA. The mecA gene was successfully identified in all isolates from dogs, cats and human, while spa was harbored by 13, 4 and 30 isolates from dogs, cats and human respectively. Furthermore 13, 4 and 23 isolates from dogs, cats and human were positive for the nuc gene. mecC was not identified from all examined isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene sequence in seven selected MRSA isolates demonstrated a high degree of similarity among isolates originating from dogs, cats, and humans. This study confirms the zoonotic spread of S. aureus and suggests that dogs and cats are probably contributing to the spread of MRSA to human
Current Profiling of Research on Donkeys and Its Implications in Global Studies Based on Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFTremendous work has been conducted in equine medicine research, with special reference to donkeys. Our study surveyed applied studies on donkeys by 2023 in a quantitative manner. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The points investigated addressed the general criteria of global donkey research. Statistical data were set for each studied item using VOSviewer software, with a focus on the top ten results for each item. A total of 2947 documents were extracted. results revealed that author Burden F.A. had the highest number of published papers (68, 2.30%), publications in 2020 (8.92%) were at the front. The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) had the highest number of papers (177, 6.01%), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nsfc) (91, 3.08%) was the top funding agency, USA was the top nation in publications (13.87 %), and the majority of publications were in English (2757, 93.55 %). The highest publications in WOS categories, were collected from Veterinary Sciences (1695, 57.51%). Research articles were the most abundant form (85.61 %). Dairy and Animal Sciences was at the top of citation topics (351, 11.91%). Elsevier had the highest publications (23.58%), Journal of Equine Veterinary Science was placed in the top journals (163, 5.53%). The data from the current study can be used to assess the situation of applied research on donkeys, helping to set possible future maps
Evaluation of Locomotor and Morpho-histological Effect for Platelet Rich Plasma and Silver Nanoparticles on Healing Process of Achilles Tendon (Comparative Experimental Study in Rabbits)
Get PDFTissue engineering is a new treatment option provided encouraging results in orthopedic surgery. In the present study, we compare between platelet rich plasma (PRP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the healing process of achilles tendon. This comparison depending upon the evaluation of locomotor and morpho-histological parameters for each treatment. The current study was carried out on 45 apparently healthy adult female rabbits. Locomotor evaluation was done through numerical score at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Morpho-histological evaluation was performed through numerical score at intervals of 2, 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Results of the current study revealed that PRP and AgNPs were better than control group regarding to lameness, pain on complete flexion of tarsal joint, adhesion of tendon to the skin and signs of inflammation. However, PRP is better than both control and AgNPs groups in decreasing lameness and adhesion of tendon to the skin. Morpho-histological examination revealed that PRP is better than both control and AgNPs in improving color of the tendon. PRP and AgNPs were better than control group concerning collagen maturation, fibroblast number, angiogenesis, and surgical gap reduction. However, PRP is better than both control and AgNPs in decreasing signs of inflammation and increasing collagen maturation. We concluded that using PRP for treatment of ruptured achilles tendon provides better prognosis than AgNPs treatment.Â
Milk-sucking in Cows and Buffaloes of Egyptian Western Area with Special Reference to the Outcome of Treatment
Get PDFMilk-sucking (self-sucking and inter-sucking) is an anxious problem causing economic losses in dairy farms. Although several studies were conducted to elucidate the main cause, the etiology is still unclear and might be a multi-factorial problem. The present study aimed to meticulously study individual cases of milk-sucking as well as the outcome of conservative and surgical treatment in cows and buffaloes. One hundred self-sucking cows and buffaloes were admitted to different clinics of Elkharga city in New-Valley Governorate between January 2019 and August 2020. Complete clinical examination of the animals was conducted. The recorded data were the history, signalment of the animals, clinical findings, associating problems and response to conservative treatment. Forty cows were treated conservatively through the application of the plastic nose (n= 27) or mouth rings milk-sucking preventer (n= 13). Surgically operated animals were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique. Twenty animals (cows=14, buffaloes=6) were subjected to ventral partial glossectomy, and the other ten cases (cows=6, buffaloes=4) were treated using inverting technique (tongue reshaping). The results revealed good body condition, normal physiological parameters, good appetite, good fertility and conception rate and good milk yield in 70 cases. Thirty animals had suffered depraved appetite, nutritional deficiency and delay of post-partum estrus and ovulation. Fore teats were the most common sites for milk-sucking. Cross-sucking in the calf-hood period, energy and some mineral deficiency, and overcrowding in the markets might be the main causes of milk-sucking. Conservative treatment was effective as far as the device present in situ. Ventral glossectomy was better than tongue reshaping in treatment of the milk-sucking in cows and buffaloes
Decrease in IL-4 Expression after Immunotherapy with Local House Dust Mite Allergen in Atopic Dermatitis BALB/c Mice
Get PDFThe efficacy of immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients has been debated in years. Study of immunotherapy in AD mouse model can help finding objective information in the mechanism of immunotherapy, especially interleukin (IL)-4 that widely known has important role in AD pathogenesis. Thirty-three male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to 3 different groups: immunotherapy, AD model, and control group. The mice in immunotherapy and AD model group were sensitized with house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der-p) allergen extract, patched for the first 7 days and nebulized continuously from day 1-93. Subcutaneous Der-p immunotherapy injection was given every 3 days in increasing doses. The skin samples were taken on day 93 and was assessed for IL-4 with immunohistochemistry method. The data were analyzed with comparative analysis. The mice in immunotherapy group had lower IL-4 expression compared to AD model group which received placebo injections, and slightly higher than the control group. The mean IL-4 expression comparison between groups of mice was not significant (p = 0.098). This study found a decrease of IL-4 after immunotherapy with local HDM allergen in AD BALB/c mice compared to placebo group
Histological Studies in Animal Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection Treated with Attacin A Antimicrobial Peptide
Get PDFRecent years have seen an upsurge in the demand for alternative treatment agents due to the advent of antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Small peptides belonging to the class known as antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are an essential component of the innate immune systems of many different types of organisms. The goal of this study to detect histological changes in rat animal models infected with H. pylori and treated with the antimicrobial peptide Attacin A (AttA) and its effectiveness as anti-H. pylori. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of the AttA against H. pylori by observing any histological alterations that occurred in an H. pylori-infected rat model after treatment with AttA. Three groups of rats (normal control and H. pylori-infected and H. pylori-infected and treated with AttA). Stomachs were examined histologically to evaluate the AttA therapeutic activity. In conclusion, the results of the current study showed the effect of the AttA on reducing the severity of the infection of H. pylori and reducing the tissue damage in the lining of the stomach of rats
Effect of Natural Antimicrobials on the Reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Frozen Chicken Products
Get PDFPseudomonas is a food-poisoning microorganism that poses a threat to people's health. This study's goal was to assess the variety and occurrence of Pseudomonas species, with a focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was found to be contaminating frozen poultry products during storage in some markets. 200 frozen chicken product samples, including 40 of each type (breast, thigh, burger, pane, and kofta), were gathered from various stores in the Faiyoum government, Egypt, throughout 2022. Pseudomonas species were isolated from a total of 39.5% of all samples tested, according to the findings. Bacteriological and biochemical analyses revealed the main isolated pseudomonas spp. to be P. aeruginosa (36.7%), followed by P. fluorescens (30.4%), P. putida (15.2%), and P. diminuta (6.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity affirmed the higher sensitivity of the isolates to various antibacterial drugs utilized in Egypt, comprising Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Penicillin (100%) and being followed by Sulfamethoxazole (86.2%), Chloramphenicol (62%), and Streptomycin (51.15%). On the other hand, Amikacin (86.2%) and Norfloxacin (74.9%) were found to have the highest sensitivity. P. aeruginosa strains that were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive for the 16S rDNA unique to P. aeruginosa and carried the toxR (50%) and exoS (30%) virulence genes. Chicken fillets dipped in lemon juice and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) at 5% for 36 hours decreased the P. aeruginosa count by 62.4% and 56.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the current research confirms the contamination of frozen chicken products by Pseudomonas species. Immersion of chicken fillet in lemon juice (5% w/v) and PPE (5% w/v) can increase its quality and lengthen its shelf life by improving its sensual characteristics and implementing a successful approach for reducing P. aeruginosa in chicken products.
 
Ameliorative Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract on Brain Oxidative Stress and Depression of Diabetic Rats
Get PDFEvaluation of the efficacy of ashwagandha root extract to ameliorate the oxidative stress and depression resulting from diabetes in male rats was conducted in the current study. Thirty-six male albino rats were randomly grouped into two main groups: normal (n=18) and diabetic (n=18), diabetes was induced by a single dose of 150 mg/kg BW alloxan injected intraperitoneally. After six weeks, both normal and diabetic groups were further subdivided into six sub-groups; normal control, 100 & 200 mg/kg BW ashwagandha treated normal, diabetic control, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW ashwagandha treated diabetic groups, for another six weeks. The forced swim test was used to assess depression, and serum serotonin levels were measured. In brain tissue homogenates, the glutathione reduced content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were measured, as well as the total antioxidant capacity, total oxidative capacity, and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, histopathological examination of the brain (cerebral cortex and cerebellum) were conducted. The obtained results revealed that the administration of ashwagandha extract to diabetic rats reduced immobility time during the forced swim test while increasing the serotonin levels significantly when compared with the diabetic group. Similar to this, brain total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reduced content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity increased significantly, while brain total oxidative capacity, oxidative stress index, and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly when compared with the diabetic group. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in brain sections were reversed by ashwagandha root extract. In conclusion, ashwagandha root extract can be used to ameliorate the brain oxidative stress and depression brought on by diabetes mellitus at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW.
Â