Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Evaluation of Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull models for describing growth curves in three varieties of Kedu Chickens
Get PDFThis study evaluated three nonlinear growth models (Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) to describe the growth performance of male and female Kedu chickens, including three phenotypes: Red Comb Kedu (RCK), Black Comb Kedu (BCK), and White Kedu (WK). Body weight data from 0 to 10 weeks of age were analyzed, and model fit was assessed using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R² and adjusted R²), and correlation coefficient (r). All models showed high accuracy with R² values ranging from 0.96 to 0.98 in both sexes, indicating that more than 96–98% of the variation in body weight was explained by the models. Among them, the Gompertz model provided the best fit, achieving the highest R² (0.9884 in WK males and 0.9818 in BCK females). This model also produced biologically reasonable predictions, with inflection points occurring between the 7th and 8th weeks. In contrast, the Weibull model, despite comparable R² values, generated unrealistic estimates in some groups, such as a maximum body weight of 34,770.5 g and an inflection age of one week in WK females. The Logistic model showed fluctuations in the final growth phase, failing to reflect the biological growth pattern. These results confirm the Gompertz model as the most appropriate for describing Kedu chicken growth and support its application in breeding and management programs for local chickens
Effect of liquid extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves on broiler performance, digestive tract size and immune response under high stocking density
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the effects of administration of a liquid extract of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius) added to commercial rations on the performance, size of digestive tract and immune response of broiler chickens. The materials used in this study were 280 broiler chickens aged 8-35 days with an average initial weight of 118.15±0.65 grams (density of 16 chickens/m2) and Pandan Leaf Liquid Extract (PLLE). The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with PLLE administration levels (control, 30, 60, 90, and 120 ml/kg) with four replications. The parameters observed were the performance, digestive tract size, and lymphoid organs. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with a 5% accuracy level and Duncan’s test at a 5% level. The results showed that the administration of PLLE at a level–30-120 ml/kg significantly improved (P < 0.05) feed intake, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and relative weight of lymphoid organs. Using PLLE, we were able to maintain digestive tract size in the form of duodenum and jejunum relative weight, duodenum and jejunum relative length, and duodenum weight/length ratio. Administration of PLLE at a dosage of 120 ml/kg is optimal for enhancing the performance, size of digestive tract and immune response of broiler chickens raised under high-density conditions
Nyamplung seed cake as a dietary supplement for dairy goats: In vitro digestibility and fermentability analysis
Get PDFThe crude oil industry derived from Nyamplung seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum) in Indonesia is rapidly developing. A byproduct of crude oil industry from Nyamplung seed is called Nyamplung Seed Cake (NSC). This research was undertaken to examine the biochemical constituents and in vitro digestibility and fermentability analysis of NSC, alongside the effects of NSC supplementation on dairy goat feed. In terms of biochemical composition, NSC exhibited 90.59% dry matter, 84.87% organic matter, 21.93% crude protein, 6.70% ether extract, 10.07% hemicellulose, 42.32% neutral detergent fiber, and 32.25% acid detergent fiber. Regarding secondary plant metabolites, NSC contained a total flavonoid content of 1.65%, 6.58% total phenols, and 0.87% saponins. The total tannin content in NSC was 0.95%, comprising 0.44% condensed tannins and 0.44% hydrolyzable tannins. NSC supplementation at 15% and 20% resulted in dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and fermentation metrics similar to those of standard feed. Meanwhile, supplementation at the level of 25% significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter to 77.38% and the digestibility of organic matter to 74.99% and produced the lowest methane emission of 48,756.06 ppm compared with other feed treatments. This study concluded that the addition of NSC to dairy goat feed improved feed digestibility and lowered methane emissions without negatively affecting rumen digestion. This study supports the use of NSC as a substitute for protein source diet ingredients in dairy goat feed, recommending its inclusion at levels of up to 25% of the total ration
Physicochemical and microbial evaluation of Kefir produced with sesame seed (Sesamum indicum l) extract as a goat milk substitute
Get PDFKefir is one of traditional beverage made by milk fermentation using kefir grain. Kefir can be produced with the addition or substitution with plant based ingredients to enhance it nutritional and functional properties. the objective of this research to investigate the influence of substituting with various concentration of sesame seed extract on physicochemical and microbiological characteristic of kefir goat milk. The present study was consisting of five concentrations of sesame seed extract (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) using completely randomized design. The parameter assessed were pH, syneresis, WHC, total Lactic Acid Bacterial (LAB) count, total yeast count and antibacterial activity (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The experimental data statically analyzed using analysis of variance and followed with Duncan test. The result indicated that increasing sesame seed extract causes decrease in pH and water holding capacity while syneresis increased. The finding of the research revealed that with increasing the sesame seed concentration resulted in reduction of pH and WHC while increased syneresis of kefir. Total LAB increase until 40% substitution of sesame seed extract (15.73x 106CFU/g) and total yeast count fluctuated among treatment with the highest yeast in 20% substitution (25.43 x 106CFU/g). Kefir with sesame seed extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with the highest activity from substitution 30% (E. coli: 2.15cm) and 40% (S. aureus: 2,18cm). Thus, sesame seed extract demonstrated for substituting goat milk for making kefir with optimal concentration level extract 30-40%
Effect of encapsulated Amomum compactum waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on immune system, protein digestibility and performance of broiler chicken
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of encapsulated Amomum compactum waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum in diet on the immune system, protein digestibility, and performance of broiler chickens. There were 200 8-day-old unsexed broilers (Ross 308) with an average initial weight of 217.22 ± 5.58 g were included to the encapsulated Amomum compactum waste extract-Lactobacillus plantarum named EAWE-Lp and assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates (10 chicks each). The treatments were T0 basal diet (BD), T1 BD+ EAWE-Lp 0.3%, T2 BD+EAWE-Lp 0.6%, and T3 BD+EAWE-Lp 0.9%. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the impact of the treatment, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. The result indicated that the dietary encapsulated Amomum compactum waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum influenced (P<0.05) several criteria such as the total count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total Coliform, pH of small intestine, the relative weights of the bursa fabricius, spleen, and thymus, the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, protein digestibility, daily feed intake (DFI), daily body weight gain (DBWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The study concludes that addition of encapsulated Amomum compactum waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum level of 0.6% (T2) in the diet can improve the immune system, protein digestibility, and performance in broiler chickens
Meta-analysis: Effect of forage and concentrate ratio on reproduction, quality, and quantity of milk in dairy cows
Get PDFDairy cows require a balanced intake of nutrients from forages and concentrates to support rumen health and optimize milk production. This study used to identify the ideal ratio between forages and concentrates varies depending on the parameters measured. This meta-analysis research used methods by utilizing scientific publications in the form of journals with reproduction parameters including service per conception, calving interval, conception rate, and production parameters including milk production, milk protein, milk fat, milk lactose, and dry matter intake (DMI). This research was completed in April 2025. For milk production, milk fat, lactose, and S/C, a 50:50 ratio is considered most effective, while to increase milk protein content, CI, and CR, a 70:30 ratio is more recommended. The 60:40 ratio increases DMI of dairy cows. The right feed balance is not only important for digestive health but also affects energy efficiency, which in turn impacts milk production and cow reproduction. The study results revealed that applying the 50:50 ratio further improves the production and reproduction parameters of dairy cows
Amelioration of doxycycline side effects in broiler chickens using probiotic and date kernels powder.
Get PDF Antibiotic administration in broiler farms is common, especially in developing countries. Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic used in poultry farms effectively prevents and treats avian diseases as well as alters gut microbiota stability and composition. Researchers are now interested in the digestive tract microbiota. It has long been believed that the metabolic processes and gut microbial ecology influence how well broilers perform. This study intended to ascertain: the effect of doxycycline administration on broilers' performance metrics, serum lipid and protein profiles, meat quality, and intestinal microbiome and health. The possible protective impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic and date kernel powder was evaluated. Sixty, one-day-old Ross broiler chicks were reared and split on the 8th day into 4 equal groups. G1 (Control group); fed on a balanced ration all over the experiment (42 days). G2 (Doxycycline group); fed on a balanced ration and doxycycline drug 0.5g/L in drinking water. G3 (Doxycycline+Sc group); fed on a balanced ration supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) probiotic 2.5 billion CFU/kg ration and doxycycline drug 0.5g/L in drinking water. G4 (Doxycycline+dk group); fed on a balanced ration supplemented with 4% date kernel powder (dk) and doxycycline drug 0.5g/L in drinking water. The findings showed that doxycycline administration adversely affected broilers' performance, serum lipid and protein profiles, meat quality, and intestinal microbiome and health of broilers. Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic and date kernel powder effectively ameliorated doxycycline adverse effects in broilers.
Detection of iss virulence gene in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli multidrug resistance from quail cloacal swabs in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia
Get PDFQuail is a source of animal protein that is widely consumed in Indonesia. Quail is susceptible to Escherichia coli bacterial infection, especially the Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain which can cause colibacillosis and is zoonotic. This infection is characterized by symptoms of pericarditis, perihepatitis, salpingitis, and colisepticemia. Antibiotic resistance in APEC is a serious challenge, including Multidrug Resistance (MDR), which reduces the effectiveness of treatment and increases the risk of pathogen spread. This study aimed to detect the iss virulence gene in APEC isolates from quail cloacal swabs in five areas of Surabaya. The identification results showed a prevalence of E. coli of 98% (138/140) with the highest antibiotic resistance levels in erythromycin (61%), streptomycin (37%), ciprofloxacin (35%), tetracycline (22%), and aztreonam (14%). The occurrence of MDR was found in 18% of isolates, with the highest resistance pattern ATM/CIP/S/E (32%). PCR test showed (20%) isolates have the iss virulence gene. The iss gene in APEC is known to increase the ability of bacteria to survive in blood serum, thus potentially affecting poultry health and causing zoonotic risks. This study revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance, MDR, and the presence of dangerous pathogen virulence genes in E. coli isolates from Surabaya traditional markets. The need for antibiotic surveillance and implementation of biosecurity according to the One Health concept to prevent the spread of resistant pathogenic bacteria and their impact on human, animal, and environmental health.
Roselle powder proportion in the aging process enhances pidan’s antioxidant activity and hedonic value
Get PDFThis study was about the potential of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) powder as a functional compound in the production of pidan eggs. The research was evaluating its antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and sensory characteristics. In this study, roselle powder was used to partially replace the red brick which traditionally included in the coating mixture, at substitution levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, while keeping the amount of black tea constant. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, chemical composition was assessed using AOAC methods, and sensory evaluation was conducted by trained panelists using a hedonic scale. The results showed that increasing roselle concentration significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, with the highest activity recorded at the 50% substitution level (91.60 ppm). The fat and protein content remained relatively stable across treatments, ranging from 21% to 24% for fat and 16% to 18% for protein. Sensory evaluation indicated that higher Roselle levels improved color, excessive concentration negatively affected aroma and taste, and the best overall acceptability achieved at the 20% substitution level. The addition of roselle powder to production of pidan eggs effectively enhanced the antioxidant properties without substantially affecting their nutritional profiles. The best acceptability of the pidan was achieved with a 20% addition of roselle
Seaweed a sustainable and functional broiler feed additive: Meta-analysis of effects on performance and efficiency
Get PDFThe poultry industry constantly seeks sustainable and cost-effective solutions to enhance broiler growth performance and feed efficiency. Seaweed, a marine alga, has gained increasing attention as a potential natural feed additive for livestock, including poultry. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of seaweed supplementation on broiler chicken performance, specifically body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). A comprehensive literature search was conducted (NCBI, Scopus, WOS, and Google Scholar) to identify relevant studies and 34 studies with 159 unique observations were included in this meta-analysis using OpenMEE Software. The pooled analysis revealed a significant positive impact of seaweed supplementation on both BWG and FCR. The results suggested that seaweed, particularly species (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Chondrus crispus) rich in bio-active compounds like polysaccharides and polyphenols, can enhance broiler growth and feed efficiency. Breed-specific responses suggest that Ross 308 and Arbor Acres showed the greatest performance under seaweed supplementation. The underlying mechanisms of action for increased performance include increase in beneficial microbiome diversity and enhanced immunity. Future research should focus on standardizing supplementation protocols, exploring bio-active compound mechanisms, and addressing long-term impacts