Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of some Growth Promoters on Performance and Proximate Chemical Analysis of New Zealand Rabbit
Get PDFRabbit meat provides a good source of high-quality animal protein with low fat content, it is considered a functional food. This study aimed to determine the growth performance, carcass traits, and chemical quality of New Zealand White rabbit meat breeding treated with different growth promoters. Therefore, 40 apparently healthy New Zealand White male rabbits, 5 weeks of age, were allotted to 4 equal experimental groups. The first group was kept as a control group, the second group included rabbits fed ad libitum supplemented with a beta-glucan 2.0 g/kg diet, The third group comprised rabbits that were injected twice intramuscular of boldenone undecylenate (5 mg/kg body weight) with 3-weeks intervals, the fourth group included rabbits that injected intramuscular of 40 µg/kg body weight estradiol day by day for 30 days. The obtained results revealed that the treated groups with growth promoters had a significant increase (P<0.05) in growth performance (total body weight gain and daily weight gain) and dressing percentage. Administration of boldenone undecylenate resulted in a significant increase (P< 0.05) in protein content in their meat compared to the control group. Rabbits injected with estradiol show a nonsignificant effect (P> 0.05) on dressing % or protein content of meat. Rabbits feed on a beta-glucan-supplemented diet show the highest carcass dressing percentage. Further studies were challenging food investigators for the rabbit meat treated with hormonal growth promoters to study their residues and their impact on consumer health
Probiotics Blueprint for Meliorating the Quality Aspects of Chicken Nuggets
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the microbial and physiochemical quality of chicken nuggets. In the current investigation, different concentrations of Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces cerevisae were added as probiotics to chicken nuggets. The proximate composition, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality of prepared chicken nuggets were assessed over 21 days at -18oC. The findings of this investigation demonstrated the ability of probiotics such as Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces cerevisae to depress the growth and multiplication of aerobic and psychotrophic bacteria as well as the yeast and mold count over the storage period. Varying preparations influenced the mean pH, peroxide, and TBA values during the storage of chicken nuggets (p≤0.05). There was a significant decrease in moisture, protein, fat, and ash content compared to the control. In conclusion, additive supplementation of Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces cerevisae improved the chicken nuggets' shelf life attributes, physicochemical characteristics, and microbial quality
Effect of Cranberry on Sensory and Bacteriological Quality of Shish Tawook under Chilling Storage
Get PDFChicken meat is well-thought-out an essential vehicle of foodborne diseases. Consequently, food investigators all over the world have been challenged for seeking safe methods for elimination of food-borne illness from food products of animal origin. Therefore, this study had been carried out to provide an overview about using craneberry as natural preservative for controlling of total aerobic bacterial count and L. monocytogenes in marinated Shish Tawook under chilling storage. Cranberry powder at 50% concentration enhances the flavor, color and tenderness of Shish Tawook samples in compared to control. The results confirmed that adding 50% concentration of cranberry solution significantly (P<0.05) reduce the total aerobic bacterial counts in Shish Tawook samples in compared to adding of cranberry powder or 25% of cranberry solution. adding 50% concentration of cranberry solution significantly (P<0.05) reduce the L. monocytogenes counts in Shish Tawook samples in compared to adding of cranberry powder or 25% of cranberry solution. The results of the current study concluded adding cranberry powder or 25% and 50% cranberry concentrations to Shish Tawook had no adverse effect on the sensory parameters but rather improved those sensory parameters, which led to consumer prefer it. The powder has an inhibitory effect on total aerobic bacterial count to a large extent, protecting the consumer from meat spoilage, while it had a lethal effect on L. monocytogenes, which confirms the safety of the product for human consumption
Detection of Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistant Genes in E. coli Isolated from Broilers Chickens
Get PDFAvian colibacillosis is one of the most serious diseases that affect poultry and causes substantial morbidity and mortality rates as well as high economic losses. E. coli, are capable of acquiring resistance genes via gene transfer. The development of extended spectrum lactamases, or broad-spectrum lactamases, in E. coli is the most serious resistance mechanism. The goal of the current study was to detect the resistance associated genes of multi drug resistant E. coli isolated from broiler chicken by using PCR technique. In the current study PCR applied on 10 multidrug resistant E. coli isolates for detecting β-lactamases resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV), integron resistance gene (Int1, Int3), PCR was also used to detect disinfectant resistance genes as Quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes (QacCD, QacA/B and QacED1). PCR results for antibiotic resistance associated gene showed that (10/10) of tested isolates had blaTEM and int1(10/10), blaSHV (6/10) and int3 (2/10) also PCR results for disinfectant resistance associated genes showed that (8/10) of E. coli isolates had QacED1, QacCD (2/10), and QacA/B (2/10). The (10) broilers flocks investigated in the study were infected with multi drug resistant, strains of E. coli, that haboured β-lactamases, integron resistance associated gene and quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes
Sustainable recycling of poultry eggshell waste for the synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles and evaluating its antibacterial potency against food-borne pathogens
Get PDFNanoparticles are considered new antibacterial agents with a potential broad range of applications. Recently, the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles (NPs) from natural sources such as coral, Ostrea shell, and eggshell, has attracted considerable attention. Eggshells are organic waste, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and it is an easy method to reduce it into powder of nano size. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for NPs synthesis makes the entire process cheaper, greener, and more sustainable. Waste chicken eggshells were collected from the Specific Pathogen Free farm in Egypt. Eggshells were rinsed, dried, and finely ground to powder. The sol-gel chemical method was used for the synthesis of CaO-NPs from eggshell powder. The characteristics of eggshell NPs were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration was applied to test the antibacterial efficacy of CaO-NPs at 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, and 0.06% concentrations on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results of the characterization confirmed the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO-NPs with an average diameter of 27.7 nm. Zones of inhibition started to appear from 0.25% concentration for B. cereus, 0.50% for MRSA and E. coli, and 1.0% for S. enteritidis. The concentration of CaO-NPs solution strongly correlated with the resulting zone of inhibition (r = 0.86 to 0.90). CaO-NPs showed a potent efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. Hence, eggshell wastes from poultry production could be a feasible organic source for the biosynthesis of CaO NPs with promising efficient antibacterial properties
Efficacy and Safety of Ceftiofur for Treating Serious Respiratory Diseases in Cattle: Clinical, Histopathological, and Microbiological Assessments
Get PDFBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most serious diseases counted for economic loss and extensive usage of antibiotics in cattle. Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has been approved for use in cattle in the United States. This study was done to investigate the clinical effect of ceftiofur on calves as well as its efficacy and safety for treating BRD. Thirty Holstein calves from a dairy farm were divided into three groups. Group I served as a health control group. Group II consisted of healthy animals while Group III comprised calves clinically diagnosed with BRD. Both groups II and III received a single subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur (2mg/kg B.W) in the ear. All groups were clinically evaluated at day 0, 7, and 14 after drug administration for illness score, body weight, body gain, feed intake, body temperature, depression score, discharges, ear and coughing score. Clinical illness score showed clear signs of BRD (elevation of body temperature and depression). Nasal and ocular discharges were recorded and ranked. Significant increases in ear and coughing score were observed in diseased calves
Comparative Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopical Studies on the Cervical Region of the Esophagus in Some Birds with Different Diet Habits
Get PDFThe esophagus in bird is thin and distensible tube that extends from oropharynx to the stomach, it is divided anatomically into three sections: anterior (cervical), middle (crop) and posterior (thoracic) regions. The present work aimed to study the morphological, morphometrical, histological and scanning of the cervical region of the esophagus in three different birds (kestrel, hoopoe, rock pigeon). The current study used samples from different three species, the birds scarified, and the esophagus were dissected. The cervical part of the esophagus was analyzed grossly and by using the light and scanning electron microscope. The cervical part of the esophagus in rock pigeon is longer than the kestrel and hoopoe and its width in the kestrel is narrower than the hoopoe and rock pigeon. In lamina propria of kestrel and hoopoe had numerous mucous glands, which are rounded, branched tubular glands surrounded by a fibrous capsule. These glands open into the esophageal lumen through ducts passing within the lining epithelium. However, the lamina propria of the cervical part of the esophagus in rock pigeon was lacking the glands. The obtained results demonstrated that the type of food consumed, is greatly affect the anatomical and the histological structure of the esophagus
An Overview of the Current Situation of Salmonellosis in Pigeons, Household Chickens, and Commercial Broilers with a Special Reference to a Customized Vaccine Developing Trial
Get PDFSalmonellosis caused by virulent multidrug-resistant strains is a great concern of the poultry industry; thus, the prevalence, resistance genes profile, and development of customized vaccines were evaluated in poultry species. Thus, 100 cloacal swabs from pigeons, household chickens, and commercial broilers were collected from Sharkia governorate, Egypt; 31% were positive for Salmonella serovars confirmed by the invA gene. All isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility for detecting antibiotic resistance genes on plasmid by PCR, which demonstrated qepA, mcr1, tetA(A), and floR genes (100%) for each, while sulI and aadA1 genes were 93.8% and 87.5%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to illustrate the evolutionary relationships between different strains in Egypt. Additionally, a bivalent killed Salmonella vaccine comprising two isolated serovars of Salmonella enterica (S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis) was developed and evaluated for its efficacy in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Vaccinated chickens developed a high humeral response measured by ELISA. Moreover, the protection rate of the developed vaccine in the challenge test was 85%, with less fecal shedding. The findings suggest that customized vaccines prepared from local circulating strains can be used as an alternative effective control tool against salmonellosis.
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Virulence, Resistance Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of ESBLs, XDR Escherichia coli Isolated from Ducks
Get PDFDucks are possible carriers of zoonotic diseases to humans. Public health is impacted by the widespread dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae carrying extended-spectrum-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from Egyptian ducks, as well as the molecular characteristics of ESBLs to ESBLs genes and non-ESBLs genes, were studied.15% E. coli isolates were recovered from duck, and all of them were virulent as hemolytic and congo red positive. All ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline, and nalidixic acid and 83.3% of isolates were also resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, both ceftazidime, and cefotaxime. Recovered ESBL-producing E. coli strains harbored qnrA, tetA, sul1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, aadA1, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV antimicrobial-resistance genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%,83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 75%, 58.3%, and 41.6%, respectively. 33.3% of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were MDR, and 66.7% were recognized as XDR. The extension of ESBLs- E. coli threatens public health should be carefully monitored.
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Virulence of Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Broiler Chicks up to Two Weeks of Age
Get PDFPathogenic bacteria causing diseases in broiler chicks are widely distributed. One hundred and fifty cases of broiler chick samples were obtained from 15 farms with complain of early mortalities. Out of them,  100 diseased and 50 freshly dead chicks aged 1 - 14 days were examined. Liver, heart blood, lung, yolk sac and thigh bones were collected . Bacteriological investigation in both diseased and freshly dead chicks revealed that the prevalence rate of E. coli was 70% with higher incidence in liver followed by yolk sac, S. aureus isolates represented as 18.5% mainly from thigh bone followed by liver, incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 20% mainly from yolk sac proceeded by liver, Klebsiella pneumonia incidences was 13.3% with high rate from liver. Prevalence of all previous isolated bacteria was higher in freshly dead than in diseased chicks. Serological identification of 68 isolates of E. coli (64.8%) were typed with 5 different serotypes as 15 (O119:H6), 8 (O1:H7), 10 (O146:H21), 20 (O78), 8 (O29) and 7 (O144) while 37 (35.2%) were untyped.  E. coli antimicrobial resistance was performed with marked sensitivity reported with amoxicillin. PCR performed for detection of some virulence genes mainly eaeA and iss from E. coli isolates, and enterotoxin B (SEB) and enterotoxin D (SED) from S. aureus isolates  with positivity 100% for each genes. This study indicated presence of some pathogenic bacteria in broiler chicks up to two weeks as  E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae which cause diseases with a consequence of economic losses.
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