Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of Climate Change on Productive Traits and Genetic Parameters for Friesian Cows in Egypt
Get PDFThe database was obtained from 4560 records multiple records were collected from 2000 to 2022 For a total of 2560 records for Sakha station and 2000 records for El-Qardah station of the Ministry Agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt, meteorological data were obtained from the central laboratory of Agricultural climate. The data was divided into two periods, the period from 2000 to 2010 (P1) and the period from 2011 to 2022 (P2). Thermal Humidity Index (THI) and season effect on productive traits (LTMY, TMY, LP and DP) were between significant (P<0.05) and high significant (P<0.01) For both groups, except the effect of THI on the DMY in (P2) and season effect on DMY in (P1), which were non-significant. Climate change in the period from (2011 to 2022) witnessed a rise in temperature (AT) and was followed by an increase in relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure (AP), as well as an increase in the value of THI especially the summer season, which is hotter than the rest of the seasons this had a negative effect on the productive traits. Estimates of permanent environmental variance for the second period for most traits were lower than additive genetic variance it may indicate that sensitivity to heat stress is not specific to the cow but is hereditary. Heritability estimates are low to moderate for most milk production traits show the possibility of improving genetically by selecting the most valuable cows for Heritability or genetic selection of cows and improving herd management
Comparison between the regenerative potential of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of canine meniscal tear
Get PDFRepair of meniscal tears in the avascular zone represents an obstacle for orthopedic surgeons. Several therapeutic methods have been suggested to mange these tears including meniscectomy and meniscal allografts; however, their clinical application was restricted due to their disadvantages. These limitations inspired the necessity to develop products that possess the ability to initiate healing in such avascular tears. Hence, the goal of the current study is to assess and compare the regenerative capability of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance repair of avascular meniscal tears. After preparation of BMA and PRP, meniscal tear was conducted in the inner avascular zones in dogs and left untreated as control or treated with either BMA or PRP. Clinical observation of weight bearing, lameness, pain on manipulation, gait, and functional disability were investigated after 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of surgery. In addition, gross and histological evaluations were performed at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after surgery. Both materials demonstrated a positive improvement in clinical observations compared to the control group. Furthermore, repair of meniscal tears was stimulated in tears treated with either BMA or PRP with better gross and histological outcomes in PRP-treated group than BMA-treated group. To conclude, our findings showed that BMA and PRP possess the potential to enhance the healing process of meniscal tears in the inner avascular region with the superiority of PRP
Moringa Oleifera Ameliorates Cardiotoxicity and Improves Antioxidants in Breast Cancer- induced Rats Treated with Doxorubicin: A Preliminary Study.
Get PDFMoringa Oleifera (MO) is a miracle plant of huge medical significance. It could be used to suppress the aggressiveness of various tumors as well as ameliorate the consequences of chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study; 49 albino rats were used to evaluate the effect of MO nanoparticles (MONPs) in DMBA-induced breast cancer rats (BC-induced) treated with doxorubicin (DOX). Cardiotoxicity, antioxidant markers, and protein profile were evaluated. Serum and mammary glands samples were collected for both biochemical and histopathological examinations. Rats were classified into control and BC-induced rats. The last group was further divided into 6 groups to evaluate the synergistic and prophylactic effects of MONPs. There was a significant reduction in the levels of tumor, and cardiotoxicity markers with a significant increase in the antioxidants/oxidants and proteins profile in BC-induced rats treated synergistically or/and prophylactically with MONPs and DOX. In conclusion, the prophylactic use of MONPs and synergistic use of MONPs and DOX induced a magnificent resistance against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin and ameliorated the aggressiveness of breast cancer as well as the oxidative stress induced in rats
Characterization and Genotyping of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt from 2019 to 2022
Get PDFAvian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a major problem in broiler chickens due to increasing mortality and lowering body weight. This group of gammacorona viruses has the ability to emerge frequent new variants. In the present study, 18 broiler chicken farms from 7 Egyptian governorates that showed respiratory signs were sampled from 2019 to 2022. There were 11 farms positive for detection of IBV with real time RT-PCR. The samples were inoculated in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryos for three successive blind passages and the obtained viruses were sequenced for hypervariable region of spike protein (S1) to study their genetic diversity. The results showed that the S1 gene was clustered into two major groups, the first group has only one virus belong to classical vaccine strain of GI-1 lineage and the second group contain nine viruses belong to genotype GI-23 (variant II). They are further separated in two subgroups, first subgroup GI-23.2.1, contains 8 viruses, second subgroup contain one virus belong to genotype GI-23.2.2. The selection pressure analysis revealed episodic diversifying selection on multiple sites, with positive selection observed at five amino acid residues of the S1 protein, as demonstrated by FEL models. The recombination analysis of the S1 gene reveled two viruses with recombination events. The F1282-7-IB-2022 exhibited a slight recombination from IS/1494/2006 and a larger recombination from M41-2004. Meanwhile, the F1282-8-IB-2022 had a minor recombination of strain 4/91-1998 and a larger recombination from the Egyptian strain IBV-D1344/2/4/10-EG. The 3D structural models of hypervariable region HVR of S1 protein also showed that the recent viruses in this study from subgroup GI-23.2.1 (F1282-6-IB-2022) have high structural similarity with vaccine strain D274 and local vaccine seed virus IBV-EG/1212B-2012 than classic or variant GI-23.2.2 subgroup. These results can support efforts to compare the efficacy of local and imported vaccines both in-vivo and in-vitro and to help in controlling the disease
Epidemiological factors associated with anti-toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted Ewes in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq
Get PDFThe objective of the current study was to examine the epidemiological factors associated with anti-toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted ewes in the Nineveh governorate in Iraq. Serum collected from a total of 213 aborted ewes was examined using the Latex agglutination test, and the titer of 1/16 was set as a cut-off titer for the seropositivity. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association of different epidemiological factors with the seropositivity. The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted ewes was 61.5%. The seropositivity was greater in 3 and 4 years-old ewes compared to those ≤ 2-years-old, and higher in flocks > 200 head compared to smaller flocks. The prevalence of potential recent infection was 26%. Recent infection was not identified in ewes with the last stages of gestation. The odds of recent infection were higher in aborted ewes during summer-autumn season than those aborted in winter-spring, and greater in flocks < 100 head compared to flocks > 200 head. The study concluded that Toxoplasma gondii infection is not negligible and could be considered a crucial pathogenic cause of abortion in ewes in the Nineveh governorate. Finally, flock management system is an important factor that can influence the prevalence of T. gondii in the governorate
Efficacy of Co-synch Protocol on Normal Cyclic Dairy Cows with or Without Corpora Lutea
Get PDFImproving reproductive efficiency, estrus synchronization and controlled breeding protocols are efficient management techniques in dairy cows. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the efficacy of Co-synch protocol in the cows carrying corpora lutea (CL), without CL or with unexamined ovarian structure. Fifty-six cows were divided into 4 groups; control group1 (n=12) and Co-synch treated groups; group2: cows with unexamined ovarian structure group (n=9), group3: cows having only follicles without mature Cl (n=16) and group4: cows having mature Cl (n=19). Ultrasonography was performed before and after gonadotropin (GnRH) injection. Blood was collected for analysis of progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17-ß. Reproductive data was obtained regarding 1st service conception rate (1st SCR), number of services/conception (s/c) and days open. Ultrasonography revealed luteinization in cows without mature CL. While those having mature CL showed increase in the size of the CL or formation of accessory CL. Results revealed significant decrease in serum P4 before GnRH treatment in cows having no mature CL. Significant increase in serum P4 levels in all groups was recorded after GnRH treatment. Besides, the highest P4 level was assessed in cows having mature CL. Estradiol 17-ß was significantly decreased in cows having mature CL before and after treatment. Cows having mature CL revealed significant upgrade in the percentage of 1st SCR, decrease in s/c and shortening in days open as compared with other groups. In conclusion, applying Co-synch to the cows carrying CL is beneficial and promises protocol to improve reproductive performance in dairy cows
Alleviation of Fatty Liver by Using Soy Proteins in Rat
Get PDFThe purpose of the current investigation is to determine how soy isoflavone (ISF) and genistein (GS) affects oxidative stress, IL1-ß and PPARγ signaling pathways in liver of obese rats and how this pathway is involved in controlling the formation of hepatic fat. The study included 60 male Sprague Dawley rats that were allocated to six groups (n = 10rats) :(I) Fatty liver was induced in rats were daily fed (60% fat energy, high fat diet (HFD)) for 12 weeks ; (II) (Fatty liver + ISF group) rats were daily fed with HFD and 10 mg/Kg ISF intragastrical for 12 weeks ;(III) (Fatty liver + GS group) rats were given HFD and 16 mg/Kg GS in 0.1% DMSO once daily by intragastric tube for 12 weeks; (IV) (Normal control group) rats were fed with normal balanced diet for 12 weeks; (V)(Normal diet + ISF group) rats were fed with normal diet and 10 mg/Kg ISF intragastrical for 12 weeks; (VI) (Normal diet + GS group) rats were fed with normal diet and 16 mg/Kg GS for 12 weeks. All rats allowed water whereas rats got HFD were accompanied by 18% sucrose solution freely. Also, weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiments lipid profile and liver function were analyzed. Moreover, the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH, and the gene expression of IL1-ß and PPARγ genes were detected. Our study showed that fat content was significantly lowered in the liver of ISF and GS -fed obese rats, accompanied by a reduction in hepatocellular vacuolation when compared to the fatty liver control. In ISF and GS fatty liver treated groups SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly increased in comparison to the Fatty liver untreated group in addition to that MDA level decreased in ISF and GS groups.IL1-ß expression and PPARγ expressions was dowenregulated in Fatty liver + ISF and Fatty liver+ GS treated rats when compared with Fatty liver one,however the results in Fatty liver+ GS treated rats was significantly Improved over ISF + Fatty liver.Genistein administration alleviated fatty liver through the down-regulation of PPARγ and IL-1 β and up-regulation the activity of oxidative stress marker ( SOD , CAT and GSH)
Microbiological Quality of Cold-smoked Herring (Clupea harengus) Roe
Get PDFSmoked fish roes within cold smoked herring are considered a very popular ready-to-eat food in Egypt. Therefore, the microbial quality of fish roes should be of concern. The purposes of this study were to conduct bacterial analysis and the possibility of detection of foodborne pathogens. With limited application of dry heating at 85°C for 1 and 5 minutes to improve the safety of roes. To study the biogenic amines (BA) including spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and spermidine in fresh, heated at 85°C for 5 min, and stored at 0°C for 6 months smoked roes. Vibrio spp. including Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio furnissii, and Vibrio carcbariae were found in 5 samples (9.6%). One Salmonella spp. (1.9%) and one Listeria monocytogenes (1.9%), 4 Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), and 3 Bacillus cereus (5.8%) pathogens. While Clostridium botulinum (vegetative forms) were not detected. None of the aerobic, anaerobic, or selective bacterial counts existed after heating smoked roes at 85°C for 5 minutes. The average of each BA in all samples was below 3mg/100g, which is less than the 5.0 mg/100g acceptable limit recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Histamine and tyramine only appeared after cold storage of roes at 0°C for 6 months. Cold smoked herring roe was low in acidity (pH: 5.92), high in moisture (68.5%), protein (61.37%), and lipid content (28.7%), thus it could support the bacteria growth. Additional measures are needed to reduce the possible health risks for fish roe consumers
Performance, behavior, and welfare of turkey poults reared under different housing conditions
Get PDFTurkey's production is very profitable due to the growing demand for its products worldwide, however, poultry farming incurs significant economic losses throughout its production life cycle due to various stressors and high energy costs, particularly during the brooding period. Battery cages save housing space that can drastically reduce broodiness energy costs however, it can make birds suffer. Nowadays, Customers demand products derived from poultry reared in the optimal environment to ensure their welfare. However, the producers care about maximizing performance with the lowest production costs. This study was designed in a trial to reduce broodiness energy costs by rearing turkey poults in batteries and evaluate the performance, behavior, and welfare of caged and floor-reared birds. One thousand turkey poults were housed either on the floor or in battery post-hatching at a stocking density of 52 turkey poults/m2. Behaviors, body weight, weight gain, and some welfare indicators were studied. The results revealed that battery-reared turkey poults have significantly increased 4th week weight, weight gain, and cumulative weight gain. It also showed increased body care and drinking behavior, while eating behavior significantly decreased. Additionally, they have a better feather cleanliness score but were more stressed and fearful as indicated by longer tonic immobility (TI) duration, greater fluctuating asymmetry (FA) value of middle toe length, and increased sitting, latency to ambulate in open field test (OFT) as compared with floor reared ones. However, serum levels of cortisol or oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH) as well as mortality % didn’t differ significantly among the two systems. In conclusion: using batteries in rearing turkey poults may be an applicable strategy to decrease broodiness energy costs, but with some welfare concerns
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in chicken-derived E. coli isolates
Get PDFA total of 180 samples were taken from diseased and freshly dead broiler chickens of various ages from various farms in El-Minya and Beni-Suef governorates and transferred to the lab for bacterial isolation and further molecular examination targeting E. coli. The results showed that 91 of 180 samples (50.6%) tested positive for E. coli. The   prevalence of some in vitro virulence markers of avian pathogenic E. coli was Congo red binding (CRB) (95.6% positivity) and moderate to strong biofilm production (92%). On 5% sheep blood agar, (67%) of examined isolates showed alpha hemolysis, while (27%) showed gamma hemolysis  and (5.5%) showed beta hemolysis. All the tested isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern. E. coli isolates demonstrated various degrees of resistance against, amoxicillin–sulbactam (82%) followed by streptomycin (76%), cefotaxime and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (73%), tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (68%), chloramphenicol (66%), cefaclor (65%), cefixime (62%) respectively. Five MDR selected isolates were examined using PCR. The intended virulence genes were iss, tsh, fimH, and iroN genes. The genes iss and fimH were detected in all of the isolates investigated, whereas iroN was present in four isolates but tsh was found in only one isolate