Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Nannochloropsis on Gene Expression and Serum Profile of Metabolic and Lipogenic Markers in Growing Barki Lambs
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Nannochloropsis on gene expression and serum metabolic profile in growing Barki lambs. For this reason, twenty apparently healthy growing Barki lambs were allocated into two equal groups (10 lambs each). Control group received the basal diet whereas the supplemented group received the basal diet with Nannochloropsis powder which given in the concentrate at a rate of 10 g /kg/day for subsequent 30 days. A blood sample was collected from each lamb via jugular venipuncture before starting the experiment (T0), (T15) and (T30) after supplementation for hematobiochemical examination and real time PCR. Gene’s expression of ACACA, FASN, SCD and FABP4 were significantly up-regulated in supplemented lambs at (T15) and (T30) while DGAT1, insulin, glucokinase and glucose transporter showed a significant up-regulation at day 30 compared to control ones. Supplemented lambs had a significant (P < 0.05) increase of final body weights, daily weight gain and feed intake with significant (P<0.05) decrease of feed conversion ratio. From the third week onwards, the body weight, body length and body condition score were significantly (P > 0.05) higher in the supplemented group. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in Hb, RBC, WBC, serum level of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total protein, globulin and BUN with significant (p<0.05) decrease of cholesterol, ALT and AST in supplemented lambs at T30. The results suggest that Nannochloropsis could be used as a useful supplement to improve health status and body growth of growing Barki lambs
Molecular, Epidemiological, and Clinical Investigations of Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle at Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt
Get PDFBovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important diseases that threaten livestock production worldwide especially in developing countries, in cattle mainly caused by obligate intra-erythrocytic Anaplasma marginale. A. marginale is transmitted biologically by ticks (Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus). Bovine anaplasmosis causes mild to severe clinical signs ranging from anorexia, fever, anemia, and respiratory manifestations to icterus and death. Molecular detection is the best method for Anaplasma diagnosis because of its ability to detect sub-clinical and carrier hosts. This study investigated the occurrence of A. marginale infection among cattle in the Qena governorate utilizing a molecular assay based the msp5 gene. A total of 100 whole blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy and diseased cattle. Such cattle were examined clinically, and their samples were included for microscopic examination. PCR screening of the tested cattle showed 23% (23/100) as a positive rate. While 6 samples from 100 (6%) showed A. marginale parasite in the microscopic examination. Several risk factors were analyzed in the current study, higher incidence rates were detected in animals less than 2 years than older than 2 years, Holstein-Friesian breeds than crossbreeds and in animals kept in small farms than in the mass farming system. Clinical and hematological variables were also investigated in several infected and non-infected cattle based on PCR reactivity. Fever, anorexia, respiratory manifestations, enlarged lymph nodes, pale or icteric mucous membranes and digestive disorders were reported in infected cattle (n= 23) but not in non-infected animals (n=77). Consistently, hematological variables in infected cattle (n = 10) revealed significantly lower RBCs count and hemoglobin content than those in the non-infected group (n=20) indicating hemolytic anemia. This study shows the high prevalence of A. marginale in cattle in Qena governorate associated with health hazards and multi-risk factors, so frequent usage of acaricides, regular examination of cattle, and successful chemoprophylaxis are recommended
Listeriosis in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Significant Bacterial Disease with an Emerging Zoonosis
Get PDFRabbit’s rearing becomes one of the most important source of income in many countries world-wide. Rabbit’s meat has many advantageous over any time of meat and it is recommended especially for sick people. Rabbits are susceptible to some important bacterial diseases such as listeriosis which causes severe economic losses. Listeriosis is a disease caused by many species of Listeria which may be environmental saprophytes or sometimes pathogenic for mammals, birds, and humans. Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the most common cause of illness either in animals or humans. Infection with this bacterium usually occur in animals via ingestion, while in human via handling or consumption of uncooked or under-processed food. Most of signs in rabbits and humans are the same and including septicaemia especially in young, meningoencephalitis, and metritis and fetal mortality in pregnancy. Additionally, human may show the signs of severe febrile gastroenteritis due to food borne illness as well as skin and joint affections. Diagnosis of the disease depends mainly on the traditional methods of isolation and identification along with the recent molecular techniques for detection. Serological diagnosis is of little value. Prevention and control of listeriosis in rabbits are based on cleaning and disinfection of rabbit’s cages, using of specific antibiotic treatment, and application of some natural alternatives such as probiotics and phytobiotics. In human, avoidances of the possible causes of Listeria infection and stressors and administration of a specific drug is the must. Besides, improvement of the quality control measures in processing plants or during handling of food are essential to effectively prevent and control listeriosis associated with food-borne illness. Accordingly, this article focuses on listeriosis in rabbits regarding the pathogenesis and virulence of the causative agent, clinical picture in rabbits, zoonotic importance in human, laboratory diagnosis, and the different strategies used for the prevention and control of the disease
Comparison of Four Gastrotomy Closure Techniques in Dogs
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate and compare four double-layer closure techniques for canine gastrotomy. Twenty adult clinically healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes were involved in the present study. Dogs were randomly allocated into four groups; A, B, C, and D (n=5 for each group) based on the used technique for gastrotomy closure. In group A, the first layer of the stomach wall (mucosa and submucosa) and the second layer (tunica muscularis and tunica serosa) were closed in simple continuous suture pattern. In group B, both layers were closed using inverting suture pattern. In group C, the first layer was closed by inverting suture pattern, while the second layer was closed by simple continuous suture pattern. In the group D, the first layer was closed by simple continuous suture pattern, while the second layer was closed by stabling using the skin staplers. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) and the body weight were taken preoperatively, 7 and 14 days post-operatively. Dogs were euthanatized 14 days, postoperatively. The four techniques were evaluated for the procedure time, closure efficiency, postoperative complications, and histopathology
First Record of an Outbreak of Dictyocaulus viviparus Infection in Cattle and Buffalo Farms in Assiut, Upper Egypt with Special Reference to the Role of Filth Flies in the Disease Transmission
Get PDFBovine dictycaulosis is a serious disease in ruminants caused by lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparous with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The infection is closely related to pasture contamination with the infective larvae. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 to detect the prevalence of bovine dictyocaulosis in two animal-rearing stations in Assiut, Upper Egypt with risk factor analysis. Also, the role of filth flies in the transmission of infective larvae was investigated. A total of 251 animals (143 cattle and 108 buffaloes) were examined using the modified Baermann technique and postmortem examination. Multiple fly pools were also collected and examined for the detection of Dictyocaulus larvae in different seasons microscopically and by PCR techniques. The overall prevalence of D. viviparus infection in cattle and buffaloes was 20.98% and 52.78%, respectively. The infection was significantly higher in the young aged and symptomatic animals (96.7%). Most lungworm infection was recorded during autumn, spring, and winter seasons, respectively. Coprological examination coincides with microscopic examination of fly wash regarding the prevalence and the seasonal variation. Musca domestica, Borborillus vitripennis, Fannia canicularis, and Sepsis punctum were the most abundant fly species and showed the highest rates of infection. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of bovine dictycauolosis in Upper Egypt. The obtained results proved the role of filth flies in the transmission of D. viviparus larvae during the outbreak. Control programs for bovine dictyocaulosis should include the control of filth flies around the rearing places
Streptococcus equi Infection in Foals Associated with Some Clinicopathological Alterations
Get PDFThe study was designed to review the occurrence of Streptococcus equi (S. equi) infection in Egyptian Arabian horses, investigate the virulence gene and phage-related bacterial superantigens (SeeM, seeI, SeeH, and SeeL) of S. equi in the isolates, and evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical characteristics of horses with its infection. A total of 100 horses were examined, with 80 having respiratory tract infections and 20 healthy horses. Samples of nasal swabs, pus, and blood were collected for laboratory diagnosis. Bacterial isolation, identification, and molecular diagnosis of S. equi were performed using a polymerase chain reaction. 34% of samples from diseased horses were detected for S. equi, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. equi revealed that Penicillin G was highly effective, followed by Ceftiofur, while ampicillin and tetracycline were less effective. S. equi showed high resistance to Vancomycin and Chloramphenicol. Molecular characterization of S. equi revealed that the 16S rRNA gene, sodA gene, seM gene, SeeM gene, and seeI gene were amplified in all tested isolates. Further analysis showed that three isolates were optimistic for the virulence gene SeeH, while the SeeL gene was found in two isolates. The hematological and biochemical analysis revealed that Arabian horses that were strangled exhibited anemia, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. Additionally, there was an increase in the levels of total proteins, serum globulins, serum AST, potassium, and phosphorus. Conversely, there was a decrease in the levels of albumin, calcium, and sodium in the affected horses, while creatinine and urea showed no significant changes. Treatment with penicillin resulted in an improvement in all. The study underscores the importance of taking appropriate measures to prevent and control S. equi infection in horses to minimize the potential impact on animal health and economic losses.
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Prevalence of Hydatid Cysts in Slaughtered Animals from Elbehera Governorate, Egypt, with a Focus on Histopathology and Molecular Characterization of Camel Cysts
Get PDFCystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection that triggers significant economic losses in animals. The study’s goal was to reveal the infection with hydatid cysts in animals slaughtered in Elbehera Governorate, Egypt, as well as perform histopathology and molecular characterization of camel cysts using the cox-1 and G1Y162 genes. Elbehera governorate had a total prevalence of 0.35%. Kom-Hamada abattoir had the highest prevalence of 1.7%. Camels had the highest prevalence of 2.17% among the examined animals. Summer had the highest prevalence, at 0.55%. Females had a higher prevalence than males, except for camels. The older animals were infected at a higher rate than the younger ones, except for the buffalo. Location and season had a significant impact on the prevalence, while sex only impacted the prevalence in cattle and buffaloes. The lung had a higher infection than the liver. The cox-1 and G1Y162 genes PCR reactions provided specific DNA bands, and the sequences were for Echinococcus canadensis. The phylogenetic tree of cox-1 indicated that the Egyptian sequence of Elbehera governorate belongs to genotype 6 (G6) of the Echinococcus complex. The sequence shared an identity percentage of up to 99% with previous Egyptian sequences and other E. canadensis in camels from Iran, Mauritania, Algeria, and Sudan. The phylogenetic tree of the G1Y162 protein sequences confirmed that the Egyptian sequence is E. canadensis. Due to the presence of cysts of zoonotic Echinococcus species in slaughtered animals, stringent health regulations are required to prevent infection in animals and humans.
 
Fatty Acid Analysis of Soft Cheese Using Gas Chromatography as A Prospective Method for the Detection of Cheese Adulterations with Vegetable Oil
Get PDFThis study aimed to detect the adulteration of different types of soft cheese with vegetable oils. Therefore, a total of 36 samples (6 for each) of Talaga, Kiri spread, Baramili spread, Baramili, and white and yellow feta cheese were collected from local markets in Damietta governorate, Egypt. The samples were evaluated for their chemical composition, assessed their fatty acid profile using gas chromatography, and estimated their peroxide value. The chemical evaluation revealed that all Talaga, Baramili, white and yellow feta cheese samples were matching the Egyptian standards while all Kiri and Baramili spread samples didn't match. By comparing the fatty acid profile of the control cow milk with that of the examined cheese samples, there were differences in certain FAs values demonstrating the fat impurity in the cheese samples. 83% of Talaga samples and all other cheese types were adulterated with vegetable oils. The saturated FA decreased, unsaturated FA increased and the peroxide value elevated, conversely from the situation in control milk, that happened in 50% of Talaga and white feta, and 100% of other types. In conclusion, FA profile estimation could be an efficient detection method for vegetable oil adulteration in dairy products
Biochemical, Histological and Ultrastructural Studies on the Effect of Citric acid Supplementation on Aflatoxins-intoxicated Japanese Quail
Get PDFFor poultry farmers and quails producers’, one of the biggest challenges is dealing with natural diet contaminants like mycotoxins. Worldwide, mycotoxins are present in all feed sources, primarily in corn, and they significantly reduce the health, immune function, and performance of birds. For this purpose, the effect of citric acid (CA) supplement on contaminated diet with Aflatoxins (AFL) in the liver biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural studies of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix). Influences of experimental diets were assessed in 3 replications of 6 birds each (n = 18 per treatment). Quails two weeks old were assigned into 4 equal groups. The control quails fed only basal diet, AFL group quails were given basal diet contaminated with 2.5 mg AFL/kg diet, citric group quails fed basal diet with 10 g citric acid/Kg, and AFL/citric group quails fed basal diet contaminated with 2.5 mg AFL /Kg and augmented with 10 g/Kg citric acid. After four weeks, feeding AFL to quails induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by significant decline in body weight, serum albumin and total protein while it significantly increased serum ALT, and AST activities. AFL also induces liver oxidative stress by the elevation of lipid peroxidation and reducing GPx, ADH, SOD and catalase activities. Descriptive hepatic histological and ultrastructural alteration were also noted in the AFL group. Treatment with CA induced an increase in total protein, albumin, SOD, GPx, ADH and significantly decreased ALT and AST activities and MDA level. Moreover, it also improved the histological and ultrastructure alternations induced in the liver of AFL group. It was concluded that supplementation of CA into the AFL polluted diets lessened the adverse influences of AFL on quail’s liver
Microbiological and Chemical Studies on Edible Fresh Table Eggs
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to assess the quality of table eggs produced in battery and floor production systems. Storage of table eggs in refrigerator is a popular practise; it may lead to increase the risks of eggs contamination. A total of 100 table eggs were collected from battery and floor farms in Sharkia province and then stored in refrigerator at 4°C. The collected eggs were divided into two groups (50 of each). Each group was divided into five sub-groups for examination: at laying time, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. They were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological examination of eggshells and internal contents. The results of the current study indicated that the storage had a major effect on the egg quality parameters including eggs, albumen, and yolk weights and internal contents pH, in both battery and floor eggs. In addition, the microbiological examination showed that the eggshells, particularly in the floor system, were higher in bacterial contamination with E. coli and Salmonella than the internal contents. The egg quality traits that were done by this study help to protect consumers against foodborne diseases