Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Infestation of External Ciliated Protozoan in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The current study was aimed to investigate ciliated protozoa that can infest Procambarus Clarkii in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Hymenostomatida (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis), Peritrich ciliates (Epistylis sp., Vorticella sp. and Trichodina sp.), Suctorians ciliates (Tokophrya cyclopum, Tokophrya infusionum, Tokophrya quadripartite and Podophrya sp.), Ichthyophonida (Psorospermium haeckeli) and Cyrtophorids (Chilodonella sp.) were all identified from gills, branchiostegite and pleopods of infested individuals. Gills melanization was recorded in 11.5% of infested individuals associated with granulomas or encapsulation reaction filled with hemocytes aggregations (3.84%). Abdomen, pleopods and tail (telson and uropod) were also melanized and covered with brown slime like material in 38.46% of examined samples. Histopathological examination showed lamellar disorganization and distortion of the tip of gills lamellae with vacuoles formation. Hyperplasia and hypertrophied, strongly basophilic nuclei of lamellar epithelial cells and damaged gill lamellae with cuticle lysis were recorded. Lesions of epithelial cells varied from degeneration and necrosis to complete epithelial cell lysis. Melanization and granuloma formation were also recorded. It is obvious from the results that infestation of external ciliated protozoa induced pathogenic lesions in tissue of Procambarus Clarkii
Evaluation of the Protective Activities of Dietary Turmeric Powder on Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidant Status, and Gene Expression in Heat-stressed Broilers
Get PDFThis study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) against the harmful effects of heat stress (HS) on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status. Four groups were formed entirely from 72 one-day-old chicks with an initial body weight average of 45.0±3.0 g, including the basal diet: TNC: no supplements were added to the diet (control group); TN-TRP: 300 g TRP /100 kg of feed was supplemented; HS-control: no supplements were added, and the birds were exposed to heat stress; and HS-TRP: 300 g TRP/100 kg of diet was supplemented and the birds were exposed to heat stress) for 35 days. Heat stress groups were subjected to thermal stress (40.0± 5.0 ˚C) for 8 hours per day from the 21st day to the end of the experiment. At the end of the trial, four healthy birds were randomly selected from each group and slaughtered for sampling and analysis. The serum total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, uric acid, and urea were significantly decreased by the dietary TRP when compared with the HS-control group while creatinine was not affected significantly. The serum total lipid and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly dropped but catalase enzyme activity increased. The gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) were significantly increased by TRP addition. The results suggest that a TRP-supplemented diet affected some biochemical parameters and improved the antioxidant status and expression of studied genes
Some Microbial Causes of Mortality in Rabbit in Northwest of Delta, Egypt
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate pathogenic microbial causes of mortalities in twenty rabbit flocks located in 4 governorates in Northwest of Delta Egypt during a period from 2019 to 2022.The mortality rate was varied from 10 to 90 % in either sex of different breeds and ages (15 day-18 month). Ten flocks (50%) were positive for Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by HA and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP60 gene indicated one sample (MW455128) was classic RHDV and eight strains (MW455120 - MW455127) were variant RHDV2.Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was the predominant isolated bacteria (60%), belonging to various serotypes (poly 1, O26 K60, poly 2, O55 K59, poly 2, O126 K71, poly 1, O111, and poly 3, O114), followed by K. pneumoniae (35%), which was determined to be virulent by PCR detection of the uge gene (80%) and rmpA (40%), while the kfu gene was absent. Staph. aureus and Pasteurella multocida represented (30%) for each, while pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Salmonella was negative. Pathologically, apoptosis was the most prominent lesion observed in liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, lung and heart, also there were severe enteritis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney and suppurative bronchopneumonia. By immunohistochemistry the RHDV antigen was detected in hepatic, splenic, renal, pulmonary, and cardiac tissues. The findings of this investigation highpoints on the significance of RHDVs (classic G3-G5 and variant RHDV2 which become more predominant), EPEC, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, P. multocida and p. aeruginosa as rabbit pathogens causing mortalities in studied Egyptian provinces. So that, these results are important in any effort to control rabbit pathogens in Egypt
Effect of Water Quality on Tilapia Microbiota and its Reflection on Health Status
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Fisheries and aquaculture are the main players in world food security and nutrition as they constitute major sources of animal protein. We aimed to evaluate the effect of water quality on microbiota and its reflection on the health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). One hundred Nile tilapia and 60 water samples were collected from the Ismailia canal, Bahr Mowais, river-irrigated aquacultures, and Agriculture drainage irrigated aquacultures. The real-time PCR results indicated that the water as well as the gills and intestine of fish from the Ismailia canal had the lowest load of opportunistic bacteria while Agriculture drainage irrigated aquaculture had the highest load. The prevalence of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was higher in tilapia from aquacultures. The gills of fish from aquaculture groups showed hyperplasia and telangiectasia while their spleen showed activated melanomacrophage centers with diffuse leucocytic infiltration and their intestines showed increased villus width and length. The blood of the aquaculture groups showed a decline in hematological parameters, phagocytic activity, IgM values, and leucocytic counts while their neutrophil content was elevated. We concluded that the bad water quality affected the health and immune status of tilapia directly and indirectly by rising the pathogenic load
Occurrence of phoA and Shiga Toxin genes in Marketed Gandoffli, Ruditapes decussates
Get PDFGenerally, the majority of the food poisoning crisis from seafood comes out due to shellfish consumption, mainly gandofflibecause ofits filter feeders pattern. Many microbes are used as an indicator of the hygienic status of several foods, one of them is Escherichia coli which is used to detect fecal pollution in water and shellfish. Therefore, twenty gandoffli samples were randomly collected from local markets in Ismailia city, Egypt, for evaluation of Enterobacteriaceae counts, and identification of Escherichia. coli and detection of phoA and Shiga toxin genes. The obtained results revealed that the total Enterobacteriaceae count of the gandoffli ranged from 7×102 to 7×105 cfu/g with an average of 5×104 ±3.5×104cfu/g. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae members in gandoffli was represented by E. coli (99%), Acinetobacter lwoffii (99%), Enterobacter hormaechei (85%), Klebsiella oxytoca (95%), Stentrophomonas maltophilia (85%), Moraxella lacunata (85%), Achromobacter xyloxidans (93%), and ESBL E. coli (100%). In addition, E. coli isolated from gandoffli were subsequently serologically typed into O103, O55, O 128, O 126, and O157 then confirmed using conventional polymerase chain reaction by the presence of alkaline phosphatase gene. Upon checking virulence genes in E. coli: stx2 was absent in O157 and O103. Also, stx1 was present in O157 and absent in O103. Its should be concluded that gandoffli were exposed to enterobacteriaceae contamination from different sources during handling, storage and distribution. Gandoffli had E coli and their toxin that can pose serious public health hazards to consumers. Strick hygienic measures must be applied through the chain of gandoffli production to ensure their safety for consumer consumptions
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Unusual Multiple Primary Hepatic Tumors in Dromedary Camels: Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies
Get PDFTumors have been rarely documented in the Arabian dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). Importantly, the current study investigated multiple primary tumors in the liver of Dromedary camels, slaughtered at different abattoirs in Egypt during the period from January 2019 to February 2022. The study focused on the existence of two or more separate primary neoplasms, or a single one involving multiple sites in the same liver. The study conducted a comprehensive and accurate gross and histopathological description of the neoplastic cases. The use of special stains and diverse types of immunohistochemical-specific antibodies contributed significantly to the confirmed diagnosis of neoplastic cells. Interestingly, our results diagnosed unusual multiple primary hepatic tumors (prevalence 7/988, 0.7%), including one case each of cholangiocarcinoma-leiomyosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma-cholangiocarcinoma-leiomyoma, myelolipoma-osseous metaplasia, lymphosarcoma and three cases of leiomyomas. Detecting multiple primary hepatic tumors for the first time in the veterinary research area is a major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment strategies of tumors. Additionally, liver cirrhosis, amyloidosis, parasitic infection, and mycotic granuloma may be predisposing factors associated with increased overgrowth of primary mesenchymal hepatic tumors in camels
Characterization of the Protective Effect of Ginger against Frequent Freeze–thaw Cycles on Meat Products
Get PDFRepeated freezing and thawing of meat products, which might occur during transport or in the consumers’ kitchens, have deteriorative effects on their quality, including lipid oxidation and protein decomposition. This study evaluated three meat products (meat pie (burger), kofta, and sausage) to estimate the protective role of ginger (natural antioxidant) against lipid oxidation and protein decomposition during freeze–thaw cycles. These meat products were subjected to six freeze–thaw cycles and were tested after the first, third, and sixth weeks. This study measured the thiobarbituric acid and total volatile nitrogen levels to estimate lipid oxidation and protein decomposition, respectively. Further, the three meat products were examined histologically. The muscle diameters and shrinkage of muscle fibers was observed in all groups, even after the addition of ginger. Results indicated that repeated freezing and thawing increased both lipid oxidation and protein decomposition, which were reduced after the addition of ginger. Histologically, intact muscle fibers with obvious muscle striation were seen after the first freeze–thaw cycle. However, in the third and sixth cycles, the striations were absent even after adding ginger. Therefore, ginger could be used during meat products manufacture for reduction of lipid oxidation and protein decomposition during meat products preservation
Impacts of Heat Stress on Some Performance Parameters of Broiler Chicken Reared Under Different Stocking Densities
Get PDFThe current study was designed to investigate the impacts of heat stress (HS) on performance parameters of broiler chicken reared at different stocking densities, also study assessed the effects of anti-stress (vitamin) supplementation in the mitigation of different levels of stress. A total of 720 7th-day-old Cobb ® chicks were randomly distributed into 18 groups, (two replicates within each group). The experiment with a factorial arrangement of treatments (3x3x2), 3 levels of stocking densities (RSD: 10 chicks/m2, MSD: 14 chicks/m2, and HSD: 18 chicks/m2), 2 levels of vitamin supplementation (0 mg/l and combination of 250 mg/l ascorbic acid plus 0.5 ml/l Vit E + Se) and three temperatures (Thermoneutral temperature (TN), sudden chronic heat stress exposure (CHS) and gradual chronic heat stress exposure). Broilers were kept either under thermoneutral conditions (24 ± 1 ºC) during the whole life period or slowly introduced to CHS from 7th to 21st d of age and kept at high temperature thereafter and the third chamber had chicks that were exposed to CHS (32 ± 2 ºC for 8 h/day) during the period from 21st: 42nd day of age. Chicks were reared on a deep litter system and had free access to feed and water. Performance parameters (FI, BW, BWG, and FCR) were determined on the 42nd day of age. The results showed HSD had adverse effects on the growth performance of broilers reared under thermoneutral or CHS conditions where the differences between densities were significant (P<0.05) under TN and sudden CHS conditions and insignificant in case of gradual CHS exposure conditions for most of the performance parameters. Vitamins supplementation had improved growth performance (BW and FCR) of broilers kept under MSD or HSD and exposed to thermoneutral or sudden CHS conditions as compared to corresponding not supplemented birds. While it was effective in combating the adverse effects of gradual HS exposure in RSD and MSD kept broilers only. In addition, there was no significant difference between RSD not supplemented broilers and MSD-supplemented birds under TN conditions; concluding that broilers can be stocked at MSD under thermoneutral conditions if they were supplemented with vitamins.
 
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Detection of Virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Bovine Mastitis Milk in Egypt
Get PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most common causative agents causing mastitis in dairy cattle, which is primarily responsible for the dairy farms' significant economic losses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity profiling, phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates, molecular identification of major virulence factors (toxA, lasB, and exoS), and biofilm profiles of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from mastitis milk. A total of 200 mastitic milk samples were collected from cows and subjected to bacteriological examination. Suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Positive isolates were genotypically examined to determine the presence of virulence factors (toxA, lasB, and exoS). An antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on all positive isolates. The phenotypic detection of ESBL was done using the combination disc test (CDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Finally, biofilm production was accessed through the tube adherent method (TA). Among the total samples, P. aeruginosa was identified in 15% (n = 30) of the retrieved isolates. Virulence genes (toxA, exoS, and lasB) were detected in 100%, 83.3%, and 66.6% of isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and gentamicin, while all isolates were completely resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and spectinomycin. CDT confirmed ESBL production in 15 isolates (50%) and DDST confirmed it in 10 isolates (33.3%). Biofilm formation by the TA method revealed that 33.3% were strong, 33.3% were moderate, 16.6% were weak, and 16.6% were nonadherent isolates. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa strains on dairy farms that harbor virulence genes, produce biofilm, and are resistant to the most popular antimicrobial drug can be hazardous not only to the dairy industry but also for public health.
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Effects of Replacing Protein of Fishmeal with Protein of Poultry By-product Meal on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Liver Histological Changes and Selected Serum Parameters of Nile tilapia
Get PDFThis research evaluated the viability of completely and partially replacing the protein of fishmeal (FM) with the protein of poultry by-product meal (PBM) for juvenile Nile tilapia fish. One hundred and eighty unsexed Nile tilapia fish have been randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with three replicates including 15 Nile tilapia fish in each replicate stocked in 12 glass aquaria for nine weeks. PBM incorporation levels in the diet at 50% (G2), 75% (G3), and 100% (G4) protein content of fish meal substituted for the fish meal-based control diet have been compared (100% fish meal, G1). The final body weight (FBW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) varied considerably across all treatment groups (p> 0.05). FBW, BWG, SGR, and PER were improved for fish fed PBM and were superior in the high level of PBM (G4). However, the morphometric indexes do not significantly differ (p > 0.05). Fat & ash % of body composition was higher in all groups containing PBM in particular (G4) as compared with the control one. In conclusion, it can be said that a full replacement PBM protein for FM protein is tolerable in Nile tilapia fish. Several changes in biochemical parameters and antioxidant status markers were observed. The histological exam of the liver in all groups that contained PBM revealed no abnormalities. However, replacing 75% of the protein of FM with PBM's protein is the optimal degree in term of maintaining meat quality and some of the blood parameters.
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