Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Bacteriological and Clinicopathological Studies of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Isolated from Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep
Get PDFCaseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic, contagious disease that affects sheep and is brought on by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis). The development of abscesses in the peripheral lymph nodes and widespread infections frequently characterizes it. The purpose of this study was to look into the prevalence of CLA in sheep, the virulence gene, drug resistance genes, and the effect of C. pseudotuberculosis on hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as the cellular immunity of diseased sheep. Pus and blood samples were collected aseptically from 100 sheep suffering from abscess formation. The C. pseudotuberculosis strain isolates were found in a percentage of 14%. Pseudotuberculosis antibiotic sensitivity revealed a higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and lincosamides. Out of the 14 isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis, seven isolates were selected for investigation of the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis. All of the C. pseudotuberculosis isolates tested positive for 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase-subunit gene (rpoB) genes, β-lactam (bla), and integrons (int). Six isolates were positive for the phospholipase D (Pld) gene at a percentage of 85%. On the other hand, the aminoglycosides (aadA2) gene and the sigma factor E (sigE) gene were detected in percentages of 57% and 28.57%, respectively. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb concentration, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, globulin, and total plasma proteins all showed significant changes. Similarly, the results of the biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in liver and kidney functions, as well as calcium concentration. However, there were no significant changes in potassium (K+). It concluded that C. pseudotuberculosis harms the sheep's health in general reflected by all the changes recorded in the hemogram, leukogram, and blood chemistry.
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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Anonchotaenia Species from Quails in Elbehera Governorate, Egypt
Get PDFQuail meat has gained a reputation as an outstanding source of protein and other essential nutrients, giving it numerous advantages over other poultry species. However, quail production has some limitations. One of them is vulnerability to parasitic infections that produce severe economic losses. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of Anonchotaenia species infecting quails in Elbehera Governorate, Egypt. A total of 239 quails were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The total prevalence of Anonchotaenia infection was 0.83%. The prevalence was 1.11% in the Edko district, but no infection was recorded in Rashid. The prevalence of infection in migrant quails was 2.21%, while no infection was recorded in domesticated quails. The prevalence was higher in males than in females. The 18S rRNA sequence of Egypt's Anonchotaenia species has 99% identity with Anonchotaenia brasiliensis. The phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA showed that sequence of Anonchotaenia sp. from Egypt is in the same clade as Anonchotaenia macrocephala from Brazil and Chile. Molecular characterization using 18S rRNA gene sequencing is valuable for parasitic helminth genetic identification in quails. The results presented a novel member of the genus Anonchotaenia in quails from Elbehera governorate, Egypt for the first time.  
Immunological and Nutritional Effects of Selenium and Nano-selenium on Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative effect of sodium selenite and nano-selenium on chicks exposed to heat stress. Ninety one day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 15 birds. Birds in group one and four were fed on basal diet and served as a control group, while birds in group two and five were fed on basal diet treated with 0.15 mg/Kg diet prepared selenium nanoparticles and birds in group three and six were fed on basal diet treated with 0.15 mg/Kg sodium selenite. On day 37 of experiment birds in 4th, 5th and 6th group were exposed to artificial heat stress at 40°C for 12 hours. Based on the results of total body weight gain and FCR lower parameters of body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion rate and higher feed intake ratio were observed in heat stressed chicks. Nano-selenium and Na selenite supplementation decreased the serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and MDA while the serum total protein, SOD, LZM, IgG, IgM and C3 were increased, also nano-selenium has ameliorative effect on hematological and histopathological findings. In conclusion, both nano-selenium and sodium selenite have an essential role in treatment of adverse effect of heat stress on chicks, with superiority of nano-selenium in improving anti- oxidative status and boosting immune response
Serum Biochemical Changes in Response to Affection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mastitis in Holstein Dairy Cows
Get PDFDespite of the great efforts to develop effective control programs for mastitis, it is still one of the most economically important diseases in dairy cattle herds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of coliform Gram-negative bacteria causing treatment-resistant clinical or sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of affection with clinical P. aeruginosa mastitis on some oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines and proteins, in addition to some complement factors in Holstein dairy cows. Affection with P. aeruginosa mastitis evoked a state of oxidative stress which accompanied with depletion of cellular enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants and elevation of lipid peroxide and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) level. Additionally, this affection stimulated the release of some inflammatory cytokines and proteins, enhanced activity of caspase-1. In contrary, the level of complement factor 2 (C2), complement fragments C3b and complement fragment C5a has been decreased upon affection with mastitis. In conclusion, marked oxidative stress state and enhanced release of inflammatory cytokines and proteins with complement system defective activation may share in pathogenesis and virulence of P. aeruginosa-induced clinical mastitis in dairy cattle
Evaluation of Redox Status, Energy Metabolites, and Immune-inflammatory Status in Dairy Cows at the Close-up Stage
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to elucidate current perspectives of redox status in dairy cows and their effects on energy metabolites and immune-inflammatory status during the close-up period. The study was conducted on dairy cows at various stages of lactation, between November 2019 and January 2020. An observational study was conducted on 36 cows, at ~ 4 weeks (28 day ± 2 day; means ± SD) before the expected time of calving. Cows were proved healthy on both clinical and laboratory examinations. A blood sample was drawn from each cow on the 28th day before the expected time of calving to quantify selected biochemical variables. The study cows were allocated into two groups based on serum oxidative stress index (OSi) concentrations, the first group included twenty-seven cows with high values of OSi, while the second group included nine cows with low values of OSi and served as negative controls. All cows were clinically healthy and showed no signs of illness throughout the study period. Cows with high OSi had higher serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxy butyric acid, glucose, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and immunoglobulin G than negative controls; while had low levels of serum anti-oxidant capacity (SAC), glutathione peroxidase, vitamin E, and insulin. The results herein confirmed that cows during the close-up period were likely under oxidative stress, and the latter makes cows vulnerable to the development of negative energy balance and significant immune-metabolic alterations. The results of OSi, ROS, and SAC could be used as reference variables to assess the redox status of transition dairy cattle
Unilateral Uterine Torsion in a Pregnant Cat
Get PDFA 7-year-old female Shirazi cat was referred by a private clinic to the Department clinic of Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University with a history of lethargy, anorexia and confirmed pregnancy by ultrasonography. Clinical examination of the case showed acute abdominal pain and abdominal distention with a bloody vaginal discharge. The radiographic image revealed a tubular soft tissue opacity. Upon stabilization of the case surgical approach by exploratory laparotomy to observe a 90o degree twisted left horn, congested blood vessels and dark red, soft, edematous uterine horn. ovariohysterectomy was performed. Fluid therapy and antibiotics were administered, the case survived and regained appetite a few days post-operative with no need for blood transfusion
The Effects of L-Valine Supplementation in Feed on the Growth and Ileal Morphometry of Grower-Phase Native Chickens
No full textThe content of essential amino acids in feed affects the growth rate of grower-phase poultry. In this study, the influence of valine amino acid supplementation (L-valine) in feed on the growth performance and ileal morphology of grower-phase native chickens in Kefamenanu, East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia, was observed from July to August 2022. A total of 200 native chickens of 6 weeks of age were divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replications based on a completely randomized design. The treatment feeds were T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.60% L-valine), T2 (T0 + 0.85% L-valine), T3 (T0 + 1.10% L-valine), and T4 (T0 + 1.35% L-valine). The highest body weight was observed in the T3 group (1417.00±16.17 g/bird), with a weight gain of 19.34±0.30 g/bird/day. This was significantly different from that of the other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest body weights observed in the T0, T3 and T4 groups were 1372.00±7.42, 1390.40±16.06 and 1386.60±8.73 g/bird, respectively. The lowest weight gain of 18.53±0.16 g/bird/day was observed in the T0 group. The feed consumption for the T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups was 62.54±0.16, 62.79±0.36, 62.93±0.38, 62.69±0.39, and 62.77±0.34 g/bird/day, respectively, but the differences were not significant. A significantly higher feed conversion of 3.25±0.06 (P<0.05) was observed in the T2 group compared to the T0, T3 and T4 groups. Carcass weight and carcass percentage were significantly higher in the T2 group; these values were 883.18±6.74 g/bird and 62.19±0.93%, respectively (P<0.05). This study showed that the villi height, villi width, and crypt depth of the ileum of the T2 group (1036.60±65.67, 274.00±6.32, and 243.80±6.72, respectively) were significantly different from those of the other treatments. It could be concluded that that feed supplementation with 0.60-0.85% L-valine has a positive influence on the growth and ileal morphometry of native grower-phase chickens
Transrectal Doppler Ultrasound to Study the Uterine Blood Flow Changes During the Puerperium in the Egyptian Buffaloes
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to determine the changes in uterine blood flow as well as uterine biometry during the first 5 weeks after parturition in Egyptian buffaloes. The transrectal noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound and uterine biometry were measured at different time points -7, 0 (day of parturition), 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 after the postpartum period. The mean diameter of the uterine horn decreased significantly from day 0 to day 35 after parturition (P < 0.0001). The uterine involution was completed on day 28, as demonstrated by transrectal palpation and B-mode sonography. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), timed average maximum velocity (TAMV), blood flow volume (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic /diastolic (S/D) as well as the diameter of uterine arteries were the Doppler indices for determination of changes in uterine artery blood flow during different time points after parturition. BFV of uterine arteries decreased linearly during the postpartum period in Egyptian buffaloes. The BFV decreased from 3029.21 ml/min (-7d) to 343.84 ml/min (35 d pp) and moderately (P < 0.01) to 731 ml/min on day 28. The TAMV and PSV showed fluctuation in changes during different time points postpartum (P < 0.05). But PI, RI, and SD showed significant increases during the different time points postpartum (P < 0.01). Altogether, the results show that transrectal color Doppler ultrasound is a successful tool for examining uterine changes during the first 5 weeks after parturition in Egyptian buffaloes. The robust changes in uterine blood flow were demonstrated during the first week of the puerperium, The PI, RI, and S/D were also suitable to investigate alterations in uterine perfusion during the next 8 weeks after parturition
Clinical and Behavioral Changes Associated with using Xylazine only or Xylazine-epinephrine Combination for Caudal Epidural Analgesia in Cattle
Get PDFIn recent years, various anaesthetic agents and mixtures had been evaluated for caudal epidural analgesia in cattle with a variety of results. Caudal epidural analgesia is a routine and established technique for a variety of surgical and obstetrical procedures in cattle and might depend on the volume of local analgesic. The objective of the present work to compare between the analgesic efficacy of xylazine alone and that of Xylazine-epinephrine combination in caudal epidural analgesia through studying the clinical and behavioral changes as well as estimating degrees of ataxia, sedation and analgesia in cows throughout monitoring their efficacies pre-epidural (Minute 0) injection or post-epidural injection (Minutes 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180). The study was conducted on clinically healthy non-pregnant cross cows (n=20). They were classified into two equal groups. The first one received epidural injection of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine and thus was referred as Xylagr. The second group was epidurally treated through injection of combination of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine and Epinephrine and thus was referred as Xyla-Epingr. All animals were subjected for through clinical examination as well as monitoring of different degrees of ataxia, sedation and analgesia parameters. There was no statistically significant difference in the onset of analgesia between xylazine epidural injection (11.85±1.25 minutes) and xylazine with epinephrine (12.01±1.05 minutes). Epidural administration of xylazine with epinephrine produced a significantly longer duration of analgesia (161±7.62 minutes) than that produced by epidural injection xylazine alone (136.20±7.13 minutes). Administration of xylazine alone resulted in mild to moderate sedation with mild ataxia, as well as cutaneous analgesia for the perineal region while xylazine with epinephrine produced mild sedation without ataxia, as well as cutaneous analgesia for the perineal region. The study concluded the higher efficacy of xylazine-epinephrine combinations as a caudal epidural analgesic drug compared with that of xylazine alone. Xylazine-epinephrine combination has more rapid onset of recovery from signs of ataxia and sedation than xylazine alone, which make it more suitable than xylazine in cattle as an intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.
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Effect of the Subconjunctival Injection of Oxytetracycline 5% on the Induced Alkali Burn Corneal Ulcer in Rabbits
Get PDFTetracycline had proven to be effective in the management of the different types of corneal ulcers. It has have antimicrobial activity as well as anti-collaginase effect. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxytetracycline 5% on the alkali burn ulcer after its injection subconjunctivaly. The drug was applied by subconjunctival injection in a dose of 0.5 ml once weekly for 5 weeks. Ten healthy New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into equal groups (control and treatment). They were examined carefully before induction of the ulcer using in 1% NaOH NaOH in the right eye. A 0.5 ml of oxytetracycline 5% was injected in the subconjunctival space weekly for 5 consecutive weeks. The eye was examined weekly clinically and by fluorescein staining dye just before the injection of oxytetracycline. At the end of the study, the rabbits were euthanized and the eyes were harvested for histological and electron microscopic examinations. The results revealed there were no significant variations between the control and treatment groups except for prevention of bacterial colonization on the ulcerated corneal surface in the oxytetacycline group. The conclusion of the present study was the subconjunctival injection of oxytetracycline was not efficient for management of alkali burn corneal ulcers, but it could be used as adjunctive treatment for control and prevention of bacterial growth on the ulcerated corneal surface