Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Comparing the Efficacy of Feed Withdrawal and Corn Diet Systems for Induced Molting on Health and Performance of Broiler Breeder Flocks
Get PDFThis study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two induced molting methods (The modified California method and the reduced nutrient method) and to determine the preferable method that achieves the main goals of post-molt in breeder hens. Twenty-four commercial Ross broiler breeder flocks (59 weeks old) were used. The birds were divided into two groups (12 flocks each). Group 1 (G1) was subjected to a modified California forced molting method, while Group 2 (G2) was subjected to a reduced-nutrient method (low-protein low-energy diet). Body weight (BW), weight loss, mortality, and egg production cease were determined before the molting period, while feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), mortality, egg production, fertility, and hatchability% were recorded after molting. The results of this study indicated that, although the California treatment ceased egg production earlier than the reduced nutrient molting method (day 8 and day 14) respectively, and the weight loss achieved after 28 d in the California method (28.7%) versus (30.4% after 36 days) in the reduced-nutrient system. The reduced nutrient system showed a lower mortality rate and a higher BW at the start and the end of the molting period. Additionally, the reduced nutrient system showed enhanced post-molt performance, as demonstrated by improved BWG, lower mortality%, higher egg production% (79.1%) versus (74.5%) in the California group, and better hatchability%. The FI and fertility% not significantly affected between the different groups. Â In conclusion, forced molting by the reduced-nutrient method achieved the main goals of induced molting and recorded the best values in productive traits in the post-molt period. So, it can be used as a viable alternative to the feed withdrawal method for the successful induction of molting from both the economic and welfare points of view
Mitigative Effect of Dietary Tinospora cordifolia and Andrographis paniculata on Health and Hepato-renal Expression of Caspase-3 and TNF-α of Broiler Chickens Fed on Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin Contaminated Diet
Get PDFMedicinal herbs are modern feed additives for poultry that have antioxidant, anti-microbial, and immune-modulatory impacts. In this study, the protective effects of medicinal natural herbs (Herb-AllTM LIVER) on performance, litter, immunity, biochemical changes, and histopathological changes in broilers fed Mycotoxins-contaminated diets were assessed. One-day-old chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=120). Group A was fed a standard commercial diet; Group B was fed a standard diet + (Herb-AllTM LIVER); Group C (positive control) was fed a Mycotoxins-contaminated diet, and Group D received a Mycotoxins-contaminated diet + Herb-AllTM LIVER. Performance, litter hygiene, immunity, and histopathological changes were determined. Results indicated that herbal supplements (B and D) significantly improved the body weight gain and FCR of birds. Also, litter hygiene, blood indices, antibody titers, and organ functions were enhanced. In group D, liver and kidney histological architectures were mostly restored, as well as Caspase-3 and TNF expressions were moderately enhanced. It can be concluded that using Herb-AllTM LIVER as a feed additive reduces the adverse effects of Mycotoxins on broilers
Mould Contamination of Fish and Fish Products with a Special Reference to its Public Health Significance: A Review
Get PDFFish and fish products represent major contributors to supply humans with part of their needs of the essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, omega -3-fatty acids, and other needed micronutrients. However, fish and fish products are highly perishable foods that can easily spoiled and decomposed, possibly because of its cross contamination from the surrounding environment. Fish attracts a vast array of microorganisms, of these; mould and yeast represent a major sector of these microbiota, which by turn van lead to rapid decomposition of fish or even produce several toxicological implications if ingested. In this review, we will highlight the available literature about mould contamination of fish and fish products with a special reference to its public health significance
Immunomodulating Effect of Echinacea and Star Anise in Protection and Treatment of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Poultry
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of two medicinal plants: Echinacea Purpura and Star anise for treating and prevention of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens via assessment of their immune stimulating effect in IBV challenged chicks. 160 one day old Cobb® unsexed broiler chicks with average body weight 46.3 g. Chicks were classified into 8 equal groups (20 of each). The 1st group served as a control negative, the 2nd group served as a control positive (infected with IBV virus at day 21, non- treated), the 3rd group received Echinacea from the 7th till 21st day and infected with IBV virus at day 21, the 4th group received Star anise from the 7th till 21st day and infected with IBV virus at day 21, the 5th group received both Echinacea and Star anise from the 7th till 21st day and infected with IBV virus at day 21, the 6th group infected with IBV virus at day 21, then received Echinacea from the 21st till 42nd, the 7th group infected with IBV virus at day 21then received star anise from the 21st till 42nd, and the 8thgroup infected with IBV virus at day 21, then received both Echinacea and Star anise from the 21st till 42nd. Estimation of the collected samples (blood and sera) were made at different periods (7th, 14th, 28th and 35th days) to determine the effects of the used drugs on some hematological, and biochemical parameters. In addition, tissue specimens from liver and trachea were taken for histopathological examination. The obtained results evoked a significant increase in WBCs, heterophiles, lymphocytes, monocytes and esinophils counts in the groups treated with Echinacea and star anise compared with that of the control group. Serum ALT, AST, serum urea and creatinine results revealed a significant increase in groups treated with Echinacea and star anise compared with the control group, while GSH, SOD and NO revealed decrease in groups treated with Echinacea and star anise compared with the control group. It could be concluded that the use of Echinacea and star anise as antivirals is positively beneficial in prevention and treatment of infectious bronchitis virus in poultry. Moreover, the use of the combination of both plants when used together have  more powerful effects in the prevention and treatment of IBV in poultry
Selection, Molecular Identification and Testing of Potentially Probiotic Bacteria Recovered from Popular Artisanal Egyptian Cheeses
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to select potential probiotic and functional strains among lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from some artisanal Egyptian dairy products. For this, 75 samples comprising karish (fresh skimmed), mish (aged salted skimmed) and Domiati (brined ripened) cheese varieties were surveyed in this study. Approximately, 300 lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains were isolated and initially screened for their antibacterial activity against the two common food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Using cell free extract of isolated LAB strains, various antimicrobial inhibition patterns have been noted against the tested pathogens. Upon further proteolytic and neutralization treatments, only 16 strains were proved to have potent antimicrobial attribute. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing identification of those 16 strains, 8 different species were identified (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. fermentum, Pediococcus acidilacticii and Enterococcus faecium). Additionally, those 16 strains were tested for different probiotic, functional and safety criteria (acid and bile resistance, salt tolerance, milk acidification ability, heamolytic activity and antibiotic sensitivity). Â The present study showed that artisanal Egyptian artisanal chesses were proven to be sources of safe potentially probiotic LAB with interesting physiological properties, thus it could be further incorporated in manufacture of various dairy products as starter and non-starter cultures
Isolation and Characterization of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Aswan Governorate with a Zoonotic Approach
Get PDFShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection has a significant negative influence on human wellness and the global economy. The purpose of this investigation was to identify E. coli and detect its virulence factors in dairy and meat products as well as, human diarrheal samples. A gross of 200 samples of raw milk, karish cheese, fresh meat, and minced meat were obtained randomly from different localities in Aswan Governorate, Egypt. In addition, 50 diarrhea samples were gathered from outpatients who admitted to medical labs and hospitals in Aswan Governorate. The samples were examined for the presence of non-O157 STEC using different biochemical tests and serotyping. The presence of different virulence genes (hly, eae, stx1, stx2) in E. coli isolates was investigated using PCR. The results illustrated that 28.8% of the examined samples were tainted with E. coli with the acquisition of fresh meat (40%), followed by minced meat and raw milk (20% for each), and finally karish cheese (16%) although it possess the highest odd ratio (4.846, 1.897-12.379). Depending on serology, twenty different serotypes were detected in overall samples, from the public health point of view, O26, O103, O126, O145, O86, O114, O121, O113, O104, and O118 were serotyped from both food and human samples. The prevalence of E. coli in humans was 48%, with insignificant correlation with age, sex, and residence. But the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) referring to residence as the riskiest factor to human infection (0.583, 0.424-0.743). Moreover, PCR results demonstrated that the most prevalent gene recognized in E. coli strains was eaeA (90%) followed by stx2 (30%), hlyA (30%), and stx1 (10%). In conclusion, our results highlight the risk for non-O157 STEC infections related to consumption of raw milk, karish cheese, fresh meat, and minced meat
Growth Performance, Hematological Characteristics and Carcass Merits in Four Different Duck Breeds
Get PDFThis work was conducted to investigate the growth performance, hematological characteristics, and carcass merits in four duck breeds (Pekin, Star 53, Muscovy and Mulard ducks). A total 80 ducklings one day old were used in this work till the age of 12 weeks. Each of the ducklings was allocated to 4 replicates (5 ducks/replicate). The obtained results denoted that the Mulard had the heaviest body weight (4234 gm) followed by Muscovy, Star 53 and Pekin (4029, 3659 and 2938 g., respectively). Muscovy ducks had a highly significant dressing percentage (84.39 %) compared to that of Mulard, Pekin and Star 53 (83.23, 74 and 72.72 %, respectively). Mulard duck had the highest values in Hemoglobin and MCHC by (25 and 49 %) in Pekin and Star but (32 and 24 %) in Muscovy. Lymphocyte in Muscovy increased about two times of Pekin, Star 53. Conclusion, performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters were all generally better with Mulard ducks.
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Highlights on the Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Some Milk Constituents
Get PDFIncreasing somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk has a great effect on the chemical characteristics of milk especially fat, protein, lactose, and casein. So, rapid detection of these changes lead to great improvement of milk investments as, it facilitates mastitis control process. For rapid detection of these changes, Bacsomatic™ instrument was used for SCC determination and Milkoscan™ for determination of fat, protein, lactose, and casein percent. There were significance differences between SCC and fat, protein, lactose and casein as p≤0.0001. Also, there were negative correlation (r) between SCC and fat, lactose and casein percent while, there was a positive correlation (r) between SCC and protein. So, control measures for prevention of mastitis, increased SCC (scc/ml) and monitoring were suggested to control changes in chemical constituents of milk
Survey of the Husbandry, Health, and Welfare of Norwegian Pet Rabbits
Get PDFThe domestic rabbit is a commonly kept pet in many countries, including Norway. This study aimed to survey the current health and welfare of pet rabbits in Norway based on recommendations for rabbit keeping put forth by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. An online questionnaire consisting of 65 questions was shared online. Data collection lasted from March to May of 2021 and yielded 513 responses from pet rabbit owners representing all Norwegian counties. Forty-five percent of the rabbits were female, 53.6% were male and most of the rabbits (76.0%) were neutered. Almost all rabbits (97.5%) had permanent access to hay. Complete pelleted feed was the most fed concentrate (n=492, 95.9%). Almost all rabbits (96.9%) were reported to be healthy at the current moment. Of the surveyed disease conditions, constipation (19.7%), diarrhoea (12.3%), and reduced appetite (17.9%) were the most common. Dental disease was reported in 29 rabbits (5.7%). The veterinarian was a source of information for 49.1% of rabbit owners. Most rabbits (86.2%) were kept in a living space above the recommended 200x300 cm. Although keeping conditions were reported to be of a high standard, pet rabbits were still suffering from preventable husbandry-related diseases. Education of rabbit owners is an important task of the veterinarian and should focus especially on feeding habits, and owner recognition of rabbit behaviour and diseases
Recent Advances in the Management of Feline Sporotrichosis
Get PDFSporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by species of the genus Sporothrix that has stood out in recent years, mainly in Brazil. Its importance for public health as an emerging disease is mainly associated with zoonotic transmission by domestic cats, which have a high fungal load on skin lesions, facilitating the dissemination of the agent. Classical transmission is caused by traumatic inoculation of the fungus in a contaminated environment. Propagation between animals occurs due to close contact between cats with other cats or dogs and for humans associated with bites, scratches, and interaction with exudate from infected lesions. The clinical manifestations in felines are variable and can present as localized or fixed, disseminated, cutaneous-lymphatic, and systemic. In human patients, mainly immunosuppressed, extracutaneous forms can occur, evolving even to fatal cases. Early diagnosis is essential to ensure that preventive measures are employed for owners, with the isolation of the etiological agent in culture being considered the gold standard. The lack of strategic plans, adequate control measures, failure to recognize and neglect the disease increases the incidence of cases, especially in more precarious population groups. Thus, due to its importance in public and animal health, the objective of this review was to highlight recent advances concerning the feline disease