Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Hematological and Molecular Profiling of Some Blood Pathogens in Dog Breeding Farm in Egypt
Get PDFCanine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are widespread arthropod-transmitted diseases that pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Despite their growing significance, little is known about the vector-born pathogen in Egypt. There is a substantial diagnostic challenge, especially when a dog is co-infected with more than one pathogen. Microscopic blood smear examination (n=49) followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR, n=6) using species-specific primers of Babesia and Mycoplasma was used to establish the prevalence of each infecting pathogen. Most of the examined dogs recorded macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked thrombocytopenia. The dog ticks; Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis elliptica were morphologically identified. Blood smear analysis showed that Babesia spp. was the most prevalent pathogen detected with an overall prevalence of 44.9% (22/49), 18.44% (9/49) for Mycoplasma spp, and co-infection was found in 8.2% (4/49) dogs. Quantitative PCR identified B. canis vogeli, B. gibsoni, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesiosis infection in this study was significantly reliant on sex, season, and age. This is the first microscopical and molecular identification of M. haemocanis in dogs in Egypt. This study provides a foundation for future avenues of research investigating prevalent vector-borne pathogens in endemic areas and offers crucial knowledge for future diagnostic efforts.Â
Pharmacological Studies on Tildipirosin in Calves
Get PDFBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary health problem in the beef cattle industry worldwide. Tildipirosin was injected as a metaphylaxis to healthy animals and also as a therapeutic to the clinically diseased animal at a dose of 4 mg/kg B.W. TD is effective in reducing the mortality rate and increasing the recovery rate from P. multocida infection which induces damage to the bronchioles and alveoli with fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia represented by dilated bronchiole with caseated material in its lumen associated with severe leukocytic cells infiltration in the wall, multifocal areas of necrosis organized exudate infiltrated with many neutrophils in alveoli. PCR is considered the test of choice in the diagnosis of Pasteurella as it can identify organisms at any level regardless of tiny quantities of bacteria’s genome, consequently, the sensitivity and specificity of the test increased. Tildipirosin injection caused no significant changes in RBC count after treatment for the treated healthy and treated diseased group compared with the control group. Tildipirosin showed no significant changes in hemoglobin content and HCT of the treated healthy group but a significant decrease in TD treated diseased group was revealed post-treatment compared to the control group. Single subcutaneous injection of Tildipirosin causes an important decrease in MCV, and MCH levels in TD treated diseased group and decreasing in the MCHC of TD treated healthy group at day 7 compared to the control group. Tildipirosin causes no significant changes in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in TD-treated healthy while it increased in the TD-treated diseased group at all days after treatment compared to the control group. No significant changes occur in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level of TD treated healthy group and TD treated diseased group compared to the control group. In conclusion, p. multocida is one of the most prevalent causes of BRD in Egypt, and tildipirosin was highly effective as a prophylactic and metaphylactic treatment against BRD cases caused by p. multocida, and it has a potentially anti-inflammatory effect.
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The Promising Role of the Potential Medical Benefits of Cannabidiol Derived from an Herbal Plant to Enhance the Hepatic Defense in Adult Male Rats
Get PDFA critical natural chemical substance present in cannabis Sativa plants that may have therapeutic benefits is Cannabidiol or CBD. The inquiry was made to assess CBD's possible protection against liver injury. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing (150±25g) were divided into five equal groups. Group I received distilled water orally, while Group II received an intraperitoneal injection of Doxorubicin (18 mg/kg bwt). Group III received CBD orally, while Group IV received 1 ml of CBD (26 mg/kg bwt) and Group V received Trimetazidine (10 mg/kg bwt), in addition to a single dose of Doxorubicin (18 mg/kg bwt) on the 11th day for both groups (IV, V). The results revealed that the administration of CBD (26 mg/kg bwt) demonstrated a significant improvement in lowering liver enzyme activity (ALT and AST), as well as an impact on decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and MDA in liver tissue linked to liver histopathology results, resulting in an increase in serum levels of albumin, total protein, and oxidative stress parameters (SOD and GSH) in rats. In conclusion, Cannabidiol's potential protective properties may be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, CBD-derived compounds have long saved interest as a cure for a broad choice of hepatic disorders .
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Morphological Structure of Rabbits Based on Body Types
Get PDFThe study was carried out to characterize different body types of rabbits based on the phenotypic relationship between body weight and body measurements. The materials used were 135 of New Zealand Grade, 115 heads of Rex, and 60 heads of Flamish Giant. Rabbits were categorized into three groups: semi-commercial, commercial, and semi-arc body types. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the correlation coefficients between body weight and body measurements with 1% and 5% significant level. Principal component analysis (PCA) representing a linear combination of the body measurement into a factor or component was determined separately for each body type of rabbit. BW showed a significant correlation with all of the variables measured on semi-commercial and semi-arc body types. The result of PCA showed a lower factors of PC1 (-0.04 - 0.41). The highest component loaded were CD in PC3 for all body types and TB in PC2 for semi-arc body type. Chest circumference, chest depth, and chest width (chest shape) are more appropriate in predicting body weight in rabbits than body length. Body length is highly correlated with body weight, but shows low factors in the principal component analysis.Â
Morphological Variation of the Mesenteric Lymph Node in Dromedary Camels: The Impact of Rearing Systems
Get PDFThe study intends to evaluate the morphological changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes of dromedaries in different rearing systems. we aimed to evaluate the adaptative behavior of the animal's immune system with environmental variations, and to conduct a comparative analysis on the morphological features of the mesenteric lymph node of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the region of El Oued, with two different rearing systems, with different practices and different purposes. The study was conducted using histo-morphometric techniques to analyze the morphological features of the mesenteric lymph node of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the region of El Oued. Two groups of dromedaries were used in the study, one group raised in a free-roaming housing system and another group raised in a restricted-roaming housing system. The results revealed that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of active follicle ratio and size and also the cellular population of functional zones. Animals living and roaming outside the farm barriers were more exposed to pathogens, which leads to the installation of an adaptative process, whereas the animals living under restricted-roaming housing system were not exposed to pathogens. This study indicated that the adaptative behavior of the animal's immune system with environmental variations is the functional translation of morphological changes. Our findings revealed that the morphological features of the mesenteric lymph node of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the region of El Oued are directly linked to the rearing system practices
Validity of Cooking in Microwave and Gamma-irradiation on Highly Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates in Basa Fish Fillet
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to verify the existence and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in fish by validating the bactericidal effects of microwave and Gamma radiation on infected fish fillets. A total of 100 frozen Basa fish fillet samples were collected randomly from different markets in Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and subjected to microbiological examination. The results revealed a 14% prevalence rate of A. hydrophila in fish fillets, which were tested for the presence of seven virulence genes: aerA, act, ast, alt, hyl, ahhR, and ahh1. All isolates exhibited traits related to virulence. The most predominated gene was ast (64.2%), followed by aerA, act, hyl, and ahhR (57.14% for each). Then, an experimental protocol for several treatments showed that Gamma radiation at a dose of 1 kGy decreased the count of A. hydrophila in fish fillets by 4.4 log10 CFU/g whereas doses of 2 and 3 kGy eradicated the pathogen. The same positive effect was recorded towards the microwave after cooking for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Therefore, using microwave cooking and Gamma-irradiation alone and in combination with other decontamination methods may be more efficient in lowering the pathogen counts in fish meat.
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Protective Role of Curcumin against Hematological Alterations and Hepatic Damage Induced by Gentamicin in Rats
Get PDFGentamicin (GEN) is considered an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is widely used to treat numerous bacterial infections. It has toxic effect on liver tissue. Curcumin (CMN) is a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory potentials. The current study sought to investigate the effect of CMN in protecting against GEN-induced hematological alterations and hepatotoxicity. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: Control, gentamicin group (100 mg/kg b.wt, i.p, daily for seven days), curcumin group (200 mg/kg b.wt, orally for 21 days) and curcumin plus gentamicin group. After 21 days, some hematological and serum biochemical parameters were measured. GEN-intoxicated group showed a marked decline in RBCs count, Hb concentration as well as PCV% with insignificant difference in MCV, MCH and MCHC. Moreover, there were leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutrophilia in GEN group. Concerning to the serum biochemical examination, a substantial increase in the serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP with a marked decline in the total protein, albumin and globulin serum levels were recorded following GEN injection. In addition, there was a marked increase in the cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose serum levels. Improvement in all tested parameters were noticed following concurrent CMN administration with GEN. Based on these results, CMN could be recommended as a treatment strategy for protection against GEN-induced hematological alterations and hepatic injury
Choline and Vitamin E Combination Alleviates Biochemical, Molecular and Histopathological Effects of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats
Get PDFA sedentary lifestyle with a poor diet is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurrence. An increase in the NAFLD prevalence is associated with an increase in obesity in the world. Choline as a lipotropic factor and vitamin E as an antioxidant would possess beneficial effects in NAFLD treatment. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of choline and vitamin E on lipid profile, liver function enzymes, antioxidant status and hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes. Albino rats (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups. G1: Control group (n= 10), G2: Rats were induced by NAFLD (n=10), G3: Rats were induced by NAFLD and received low dose of choline (25 mg/kg BW orally) and vitamin E (50 mg/kg BW orally), G4: Rats were induced by NAFLD and received medium dose of choline (50 mg/kg BW orally) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg BW orally), G5: Rats were induced by NAFLD and received high dose of choline (100 mg/kg BW orally) and vitamin E (200 mg/kg BW orally). The results demonstrated that treatment of rats with different doses of choline and vitamin E significantly decreased AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, plasma glucose, hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA), hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and mRNA expression of hepatic SREBP-1c in compared to NAFLD group. Moreover, significant increase of total protein and albumin, HDL, insulin, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase), mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (PPAR-α and CPT-1), mRNA expression of hepatic PEMT was detected in treated groups in compared to NAFLD group. In conclusion, choline and vitamin E combination alleviates the biochemical, molecular and histopathological effects of NAFLD in rats with a potential effect to the highest dose of this combination
Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorative Role in Induced Diabetes in Rat by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling and miRNA-27a
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and leek (Allium porrum L.) on biochemical parameters, lipid profile and gene expression in high fructose diet (HDF)- induced diabetes in rat. In this study, we used 80 males Wistar rats for 18 weeks, HDF was administered daily in diet to induce diabetes. A high and low dose of garlic oil and leek powder were given orally daily to HDF-diabetic rats. Compared to rats in the diabetic groups, the garlic oil and leek powder reduced serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels. The garlic oil and leek powder also helped reduce hepatic destruction. A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and X-Box Binding Protein1 (XBP1), Binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of has been found in the promoter of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), and miRNA 27a which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that H2S donor as garlic oil and leek powder exhibits therapeutic potential for diabetes, which is most likely related to its protective effects against ER stress and regulating miRNA 27a and its target gene
Ameliorative Effect of Ketogenic Diet on High Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Via GLP-1R and PGC-1α: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16968257
Get PDFMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a kind of metabolic disorder, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc. Dietary intervention was thought to be one of the lifestyle strategies, along with others like nutritional intervention, psychological intervention, etc., that might effectively treat MetS. the ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat diet that has been shown to be helpful in a variety of diseases such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, acne, cancer, and respiratory distress. The study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of a ketogenic diet on rat MetS models. In this study, 40 males’ rats were divided into four groups, for a period of 24 weeks, the rats were received KD. Some biochemical, molecular parameters and histopathology of liver tissues were determined. Our results demonstrated that compared to rats in the MetS group, the KD group and MetS +KD group reduced glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the KD group and MetS +KD group increased glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P < 0.05). An upregulation was found in the gene expression levels of the homogenate of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in control group, KD group, and MetS +KD group compared with Mets group. In conclusion based on these results, KD can be suggested as a healthy weight loss diet with positive metabolic and hepatic benefits