Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of Piper Betel leaf infusion supplementation on laying quail performance
Full text linkOver the years, antibiotic growth promotors (AGP) have been utilized in the agricultural sector to enhance cattle productivity. Nevertheless, the utilization of AGP is prohibited in numerous countries due to its detrimental effects on human health, such as antibiotic resistance. Utilizing piper betel leaf extracts can increase the sustainability and serve as a viable substitute for AGP. The objective of this study was to improve quail performances by piper betel leaf supplementation in drinking water. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design comprising 7 treatment groups with 3 replications each. This study consisted of 7 different treatments. Treatment T0 involved the supplementation of vitamins since the Day Old Quail (DOQ); Treatments T1 = 10% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from DOQ; T2 = 20% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from DOQ; T3 = 30% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from DOQ; T4 = 10% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from laying phase; T5 = 20% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from laying phase; T6 = 30% betel leaf infusions supplementation starting from laying phase. The results indicated that the inclusion of betel leaf infusions (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) especially T6 (P < 0.05%) enhance the productivity, performance, and quality of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of avian pathogenic E. coli in airsacculitis of broiler chickens
Full text linkRespiratory tract affections in poultry have significant economic importance worldwide. The current work focused on airsacculitis syndrome and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of E. coli associated with airsacculitis in broiler chickens. A total of 105 airsacculitis samples were collected aseptically from both diseased and freshly dead broiler chickens at different farms in El-Fayoum, Beni-Suef and El-Menia Governorates. The prevalence of airsacculitis in the examined broiler chickens was 43.9%. Bacteriological examination of the samples collected showed that a total of 94 E. coli isolates were recovered with a prevalence of 89.5%. All E. coli isolates were serogrouped into 10 O-serogroups ordered as follows, O91 (19.1%), O2 (16%), O127 (13.8%), both O18 & O26 (9.6%, for each), both O8& O153 (7.4% for each), O78 (6.4%), and finally both O1& O44 (5.3% for each). The results of in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that E. coli isolates mostly showed high resistances against β-lactams, gentamicin and sulfa antimicrobials meanwhile showed high sensitivities against fluoroquinolones, phenicols and tetracyclins. All isolates have been subjected to both combined disc diffusion (CDD) and cefinase tests for phenotypic detection of ESβLs production, which was confirmed in 50% and 61.7% of isolates, respectively. Haemolytic activity and biofilm formation were phenotypically detected in all E. coli isolates. PCR was conducted on 11 MDR isolates for determination of 5 resistance genes, ampC, blaCTX and blaTEM, aadB and sul1. The results revealed that all the tested E. coli isolates had ampC, blaCTX and blaTEM, while 90.1% and 27.3% of tested isolates had sul1 and aadB genes, respectively. Also, PCR was conducted to detect 5 virulence genes, iss, iutA, papC, fimH and hlyA. The results revealed that iutA and fimH genes were found in all the tested isolates, while iss, papC and hlyA genes were represented as follows, 90.1, 63.6 and 54.5%, respectively. It was concluded that E. coli is the most common bacterial isolates of airsacculitis that phenotypically has high antimicrobial resistance patterns, ESβLs production, haemolytic activity and biofilm production. All these phenotypic characters are supported by detection of their encoding genes. Such highly virulent and antimicrobial resistant strains are major health concerns as they could be transmitted to human
Meta-analysis – Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productivity, blood parameters and reproductive performance in ruminant
Full text linkFat supplementation in cattle has shown variable results across studies. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of bypass fat supplementation compared to control on productivity, blood parameters, and reproduction in cattle. This meta-analysis evaluated data from studies examining reproductive performance (n=47), productivity (n=41), and blood parameters (n=65) in cattle receiving bypass fat supplementation. The methodological approach used included systematic literature research, selection criteria, data extraction, and comprehensive statistical analysis consisting of heterogeneity, effect size, publication bias, trimfill, and meta-regression tests using R Studio. The results of the meta-analysis showed significant effects of blood parameters, productivity, and reproductive parameters in response to bypass fat supplementation. Analysis of blood parameters showed changes in profile, decreased triglyceride and glucose concentrations, and significantly increased cholesterol levels. Production parameters showed variable responses, with significant increases in body condition scores, while body weight was unaffected. Reproductive parameters showed variable results, with significant increases in service per conception (S/C) and days open, while conception rates showed no significant changes. The study concluded that bypass fat supplementation effectively improves cattle performance through improving reproductive parameters, production, and blood profile
Immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to determine immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups: synbiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + glucomannan porang) (1.44 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.72 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.36 g/d), probiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (0.72 g/d), normal rats (standard AIN-93 only), and indomethacin only. The results showed that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and nitric oxide (NO) levels in rats fed with sinbiotic 1.44 and 0.72 g/d were not significantly different from those found in normal rats. The plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 levels in the rats treated with synbiotics and probiotics showed no difference from those induced with indomethacin only. The GPX1 gene expression in liver tissue in rats treated with synbiotic and probiotic was not different from those of indomethacin-induced rats. The jejunum in synbiotic cheese group experienced less mucosal or epithelial damage compared to that in the group induced with indomethacin only. There were more mucin-producing goblet cells in the crypt and more microvilli in the jejunum and ileum of rats treated with synbiotic or probiotic cheese. In conclusion, the synbiotic goat milk cheese can act as an immunomodulator in the inflammatory rats which is through the production of TNF-α and NO so that the TNF-α and NO are found similar to normal rats. The synbiotic goat milk cheese can reduce damage to the intestinal epithelial cells and increase the number of mucin-producing goblet cells
Late infection by Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) virus in broiler chickens with special attention to its effect on immune organ indices, blood biochemistry and histopathological changes in some organs
Full text linkIn this study, we utilized clinical chemistry, immune organ indices, and histopathological evaluations to investigate the impact of late Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) virus infection on broiler chicks reared under identical field conditions with a standardized vaccination protocol. We designed our experiment as follows: 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups. Groups A and B received identical vaccination programs, while Groups C and D did not receive vaccinations. IBH virus infection was conducted on Groups A and C at 24 days of age. We evaluated various parameters including clinical signs, mortality rates, and histopathological changes in the liver, trachea, kidney, and bursa, alongside IBH virus shedding. Plasma samples were collected at each time point from chicks in each group, and the following clinical chemistry analytes were assessed: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, uric acid, and lipase. Our findings indicate that IBH virus infection negatively impacted organ health and blood parameters
Evaluation of intestinal health and caecal microbial populations in Javanese super chickens supplemented with fermented soybean meal
Full text linkThe research protocol aimed to assess the intestinal health of the Javanese super chicken fed with fermented soybean meal using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. A total of 36 healthy male one-day-old Javanese Super Chickens were categorized into three dietary treatments: control diet with unfermented SBM (CON), fermented SBM with Bacillus subtilis (B-SBM), and fermented SBM with Aspergillus niger (A-SBM), in a completely randomized design. Intestinal allometric measurements, histomorphometric and histopathological analyses, and caecal microbial populations were evaluated following fermented soybean meal (FSBM) supplementation. The study demonstrated that all dietary treatments led to substantial improvements in all parameters without causing any detrimental effects on overall gut health. Both treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in intestinal length and relative weight compared to the control group (P<0.05). An enhancement in intestinal histomorphology of birds fed with FSBM, characterized by increased villus height, a higher villus height-to-crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio, and larger villus absorptive surface areas. The treatment groups also exhibited significantly lower histopathological scores than the control group (P<0.05). FSBM supplementation also positively altered caecal microbial composition by increasing LAB counts while reducing coliform and E. coli populations. In conclusion, FSBM supplementation in Javanese super chicken significantly enhances intestinal morphology and caecal microbial composition, leading to an improved intestinal health index
Molecular epidemiology of E. coli infection in Arabian horses with acute respiratory disease
Full text linkIn the present investigation, the molecular epidemiology of the E coli infection in Arabian horses with acute respiratory diseases in Egypt was investigated. This was achieved by investigating 69 Arabian horses (diseased, n=50; apparently healthy, n=19). Competent clinical examinations of all horses and nasal swabs were performed for bacteriological investigation. For confirmation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the confirmatory identification of E. coli matched the isolation percentage on its selective medium. The frequency of E. coli isolated from healthy horses was higher than that isolated from diseased horses (p=0.021, OR 8.471, CI 95% CI, 1.038 – 69.138). Breed, vaccination, overcrowding, and climatic conditions were significantly associated with the prevalence of E. coli isolates. Arabian horses showed a higher isolation rate (39/52; 75%) than the other breeds (13/52; 25%). The frequency E. coli isolation (39/52; 75%) was significantly associated with the use of horses for racing (p < 0.05). There was a higher isolation percentage in vaccinated horses (41/52; 78.8%) compared in non-vaccinated horses 11/52(21.2%). Horses living in overcrowded housing showed a higher isolation percentage (36/52; 69.2%) than those housed in individual stable housing (16/52; 30.8%). A higher percentage of isolates was also recorded in cold and harsh weather (48/52; 92.3%) than in good and hot climates (4/52, 7.7%). E. coli virulence genes eaeA and fimH were identified at 248 and 508 bp, respectively. However, ibeA was not detected. The gene eaeA was detected in 9/52 (17.3%) of E. coli strains isolated from diseased horses. fimH was detected in 45/52 (86.5%) E. coli strains. However, ibeA was not expressed. The results of this investigation emphasize the possible risk factors correlated with E. coli in Arabian horses with acute respiratory disease. The present results may be helpful for developing rigorous preventative measures for this infection
Improving Landrace Pig Sperm Motility and Kinematics by Adding Citrate and Glucose to Coconut Water-Egg Yolk Diluent: A CASA Study
Full text linkSperm motility and kinematics are considered significant elements that could affect the artificial insemination programs in pigs. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the impact of citrate and glucose supplementation to coconut water-egg yolk-based diluents on the motility and kinematics of landrace pig sperm. The research material was fresh semen of a landrace pig having total sperm motility greater than 70% and sperm abnormality less than 20%. The semen was diluted with four different diluents: CY (young coconut water-egg yolk, control), CYG (young coconut water-egg yolk with glucose), CYC (young coconut water-egg yolk with citrate), and CYGC (young coconut water-egg yolk with glucose and citrate). Sperm motility and kinematics were assessed at 48 hours of preservation using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), while sperm morphology was assessed under light microscopy. The revealed sperm motility was significantly different (P<0.05) in the experimental treatments. The best result in motility was obtained by CYGC diluent with total motility of 76.86%, progressive motility at 50.35%, and fast motility of 24.76%, while the Sperm abnormalities were no significant difference (P > 0.05). The highest sperm kinematics were also produced by CYGC and were significantly different from CY and CYG for all sperm kinematics parameters (P<0.05), while with the CYC diluent it was significantly different only in several parameters such as DCL, DSL, DAP, BCF, HAC, LIN, and STR (P<0.05). It could be concluded that supplementing the coconut water-egg yolk diluent with glucose and citrate could enhance the motility and kinematics of Landrace pig sperm
Insights into some tick-borne pathogens in cows
Full text linkVector-borne infections are gaining attention in public health and veterinary fields due to their increasing effects on humans and animals. In livestock, multiple hemoparasite infections can cause severe anaemia, affecting health and productivity. Cows are especially susceptible to theileriosis, leading to symptoms like anaemia, jaundice, fever, and reduced milk production, particularly when combined with hemoplasma species.
This study investigated the molecular detection of Piroplasma (Babesia species, and Theileria species), haemotropic Mycoplasma, and Bartonella species in the blood of apparent healthy cows, including identification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of positive samples. The total prevalence of Theileria annulata and Hemoplasma spp. was 27.6%, 15.4%, and 37.4%, 43.1% by microscopic examination and PCR, respectively, mixed infection with Theileria annulata and Hemoplasma spp were detected in 9.8% of examined samples by the two techniques. While Babesia spp. and Bartonella spp. never be detected neither by ME nor by PCR. The sequencing of six isolated Theileria spp. was identified as Theileria annulata. Meanwhile, eleven positive haemotropic mycoplasma samples revealed five Mycoplasma wenyonii and six ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’. The sequence analysis of Theileria annulata, illustrated a high similarity of examined isolates to strains previously deposited in the GenBank. Moreover, Mycoplasma wenyonii and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ sequence analysis showed Homology with strains from cattle, ticks, cats, and dogs.
It is concluded that T. annulata and bovine haemotropic mycoplasma infections are widespread in cattle. Our findings may be significant for the development of control programs
Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma in a golden retriever mix dog
Full text linkCanine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) is a benign but locally invasive oral tumor that arises from the remnants of tooth-forming (odontogenic) epithelium within the submucosa and periodontal ligament. Although non-metastatic, CAA exhibits aggressive behaviour, particularly invading and destroying surrounding bone and dental structures. This case involved a 9-year-old female Golden Retriever mix, weighing 28.5 kg, presenting with a solid mass on the mandibular gingiva between canine tooth 304 and 404, approximately 2.5 × 2 × 1 cm in size. The tumor had been growing for five months. Diagnostic imaging, including dental radiography, along with cytological and histopathological examinations, was performed to establish the diagnosis. Histopathology revealed a thickened mucosal layer, acanthosis, with the presence of ameloblastoma island. These findings were consistent with the characteristic of acanthomatous ameloblastoma. Rim excision was chosen to remove the tumor mass. Postoperative care included analgesia with tramadol and antibiotic therapy with enrofloxacin and metronidazole. The dog demonstrated a successful recovery, with normal clinical status observed within a week post-surgery. A one-year postoperative examination confirmed no signs of tumor recurrence