Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Evaluation of the Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Powder on the Shelf Life and Safety of Oriental Sausage
Get PDFThis novel study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and leaf powder on the shelf life and safety of fresh oriental sausage. Therefore, 30 fresh oriental sausage samples were made and divided into 3 portions (10 samples of each), one as a control, while the other two portions were prepared with 1% of M. olifera leaf ethanolic extract and 2.5% M. olifera leaf powder. The prepared samples were then stuffed in a natural casing collected from sheep and kept at 4°C to be analyzed for chemical parameters (pH, TVN, and TBA) and bacteriological evaluation (psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae) at the 1st, 3rd, 6th ,9th and 12th days of storage at 4 °C. The addition of different concentrations of M. oleifera significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the chemical parameters and bacterial indices. This study concluded that the addition of 2.5% M. oleifera leaf powder to the fresh oriental sausage has a significant impact on its chemical and bacterial quality, which leads to prolonging the shelf life of the fresh oriental sausage until the 9th day of chilling storage at 4°C
Fluoroquinolone resistance and phylogenetic analysis of broiler Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Indonesia
Get PDFConsumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is the main source of sporadic campylobacteriosis in humans, while fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance and analyze phylogenetics by sequencing gyrase subunit A from broiler Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The contents of 200 chicken intestines were taken from chicken farms in 4 sub-districts (Sukorejo, Pandaan, Kejayan, and Grati) in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. The Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypically. Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance genotypically through detection of the gyrA gene. A phylogenetic tree based on gyrA genes was created using MEGA12. The results showed that 31 Campylobacter jejuni isolates had high resistance to nalidixid acid (100%), enrofloxacin (96.7%), and ciprofloxacin (93.6%). All Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) were fluoroquinolone resistant phenotypically and had the gyrA gene genotypically. Phylogenic analysis showed that the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene sequence isolated from broilers from different sub-districts were highly related. Sequence results from broilers with gyrA gene sequences from humans appear to be in the same cluster, indicating that zoonotic transmission can occur. The discovery of a high percentage of fluoroquinolone resistance genes, where fluoroquinolone is the first line drug for the treatment of diarrhea in humans, should certainly be an important issue related to human health
Entomological survey of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the City of Concórdia, Brazil and its importance as a reservoir for Leishmania spp.
Get PDFSome sandflies are vectors for leishmaniasis, therefore knowing the fauna of the region is important in combating the disease. Sandflies were captured in Concórdia, SC, Brazil, and Leishmania spp. in captured females. Thirty-eight specimens of six different species were collected, one of which (Brumptomyia carvalheiroi) is reported for the first time in the south of the country. However, there were no samples of sandflies positive for Leishmania spp. Despite reports of allochthonous cases in the region studied, the agent is not yet circulating in vectors, but these represent a potential risk when new cases occur
Effects of storage period on nutritive value of broilers feeds and their remedy through some dietary treatments
Get PDFThere is scarce information on the effects of feed storage period on poultry performance, which has not been investigated thus far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding broilers on feeds stored for different periods, with or without supplemental amino acids and vitamins. This study followed a factorial design (3 x 3), i.e. three dietary treatments and three feed storage periods. The three dietary treatments consisted of 1) a basal diet, 2) a basal diet including additional 5g methionine and 13 g lysine/kg, and 3) a basal diet including 3 g vitamin premix/kg. The 3 dietary treatments were tested with feeds stored for three different periods (Fresh, 4-months, and 6-months). A total of 450 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the 9 treatments, each treatment contained 5 replicates of 10 chicks each (n = 50/group). The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results indicated that the final BWs of the birds received 4- or 6-months stored feed were greater than that of those fed fresh diets. The best total BWG was seen in the 4-month-stored feed group. There was no significant effect of storage period on total FC and FCR during period from 0 to 6 weeks of age, but the FCR tended to be better with the feed stored for 4 months. Haemoglobin was significantly higher in the birds fed fresh or 4-month stored feed. The percent of liver and spleen of the birds received 6-month-stored feed were the highest (P Ë‚ 0.01). Plasma content of albumin was higher in the birds received 4-or 6-month stored feed than the fresh diet. The use of additional amino acids increased the final BW and total BWG than those of the control and vitamin-supplemented treatments. The main effect of dietary treatments on percentages of immune organ weight was insignificant. The control (basal diet) recorded higher lymphocytes percentage, while T2 (BD + double level of amino acids) recorded higher eosinophil, heterophil and H/L ratio, whereas T3 (BD + double level of vitamins) recorded higher levels of haemoglobin, eosinophil, and monocytes. The main effect of dietary treatments on blood plasma proteins was insignificant. The tested treatments did not show a significant effect on broilers mortality. The detected values of AF1, AF2, AG1, and AG2 were very low in all 9 diets. In conclusion, enrichment of broiler feeds with higher levels of lysine and methionine (double level of NRC, 1994) together with antioxidants supplement could prolong their shelf-life to 6 months without any deleterious impact on productive performance of broiler chickens
Preparation, experimental and molecular evaluation of fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin
Get PDFFowl cholera is a contagious bacterial disease of poultry caused by Pasteurella multocida and has a significant economic importance worldwide. Fowl cholera prevention depends mainly on vaccination using live and inactivated vaccines, but they have many limitations. The present study aimed to prepare fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin and to evaluate it by experimental infection and molecular evaluation. Fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin prepared by in-vivo growing of Pasteurella multocida serotype 3 (P-1059) on chicken embryonating eggs, then inactivated by formalin (0.3%) and adjuvant added and then quality control parameters tested. The prepared bacterin was evaluated by experimental challenge with homologues and heterologous serotypes of Pasteurella multocida serotypes in comparison with commercial inactivated multivalent vaccine. Molecular evaluation of prepared bacterin was carried out using SDS-PAGE for in-vivo and in-vitro grown Pasteurella multocida serotypes. Results revealed that the prepared fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin was free from bacterial and fungal contaminations and safe for use. Fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin provided high protection rates with low mortalities against experimental infections with homologues and heterologous serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. Results of SDS-PAGE revealed that in-vivo grown Pasteurella multocida serotypes showed expression of additional specific bands (35kDa, 39kDa). It was suggested that 39kDa is a dominant structural protein in Pasteurella multocida grown in-vivo and play a role in antigenic cross protection among its serotypes. In conclusion, Fowl cholera chicken embryo derived inactivated bacterin is effective against infections of homologous and heterologous Pasteurella multocida serotypes
Adverse Drug Reactions of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Review
Get PDFProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently utilized for the treatment of a range of stomach disorders, but like any medication, they can cause adverse reactions. The benefits of taking these drugs generally outweigh the risks, but Potential adverse effects should be taken into consideration. This review will present updated information on the negative reactions associated with PPIs and identify areas for further research. The research for this paper was gathered from a variety of sources, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and other journals published between 1998 and 2022.
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Assessment of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle in Beheira, Egypt
Get PDFBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most prevalent neoplastic disease of cattle worldwide. Few studies have been conducted on BLV detection in Egypt, and it is unknown whether BLV is prevalent in some areas. BLV seroprevalence has never been identified in Beheira province. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV among cattle in Beheira. A total of 368 cattle plasma samples (219 dairy and 149 beef) from 6 dairy farms, 1 beef farm, and 9 slaughterhouses in eight districts covering most geographical areas of Beheira were investigated using a commercial ELISA for the detection of anti-gp51 antibodies. Data were analyzed, and the risk factors associated with BLV infection were evaluated. Out of the whole samples, 44 (11.9%) tested positive for BLV, and the seroprevalence rates in dairy and beef cattle were 31/219 (14.2%) and 13/149 (8.7%), respectively. Cattle breed had a significant risk factor on BLV seroprevalence, as in Holstein cattle, it was 21.65% (OR= 3.1, p <0.004) higher than mixed local breed (8.20%) in dairy cattle. However, Colombian cattle showed the highest seroprevalence (19.15%) among tested beef cattle breeds. Additionally, neither age nor farming system had a potential risk on BLV seroprevalence in the tested dairy or beef cattle (p > 0.1). It is concluded that BLV infection is widespread among cattle in Beheira province's various localities, with a potential risk for cattle of foreign breeds to contract the BLV infection
Molecular Isolation and Identification of Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Milk, Meat, and Product Samples
Get PDFPathogens can acquire resistance to antimicrobials used in veterinary and medical fields. Such pathogens can be found in several dietary and environmental sources. As Gram-negative infections in humans are most frequently caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), antibiotic resistance in this organism is particularly concerning. This investigation was carried out to ascertain the antibiotic sensitivity profile of E. coli isolated from various food products randomly gathered from Egypt. To extract E. coli and examine its pattern of antibiotic susceptibility, 100 samples of raw milk, karish cheese, ground beef, and beef were bacteriologically processed. In the current study, E. coli strains were detected at a high frequency of 40% in raw milk, 28% in Karish cheese, 16% in ground beef, and 8% in beef. E. coli was isolated from 23% of milk, meat, and product samples. The 16S rRNA gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm E. coli strains. The isolates of E. coli with the greatest percentages of multidrug-resistant (MDR) were tetracycline (26%), ampicillin (21.7%), streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (17.3%), cefotaxime, kanamycin and ceftazidime (13 %). The total occurrence of MDR E. coli was 34.7%. Pathogen cycling in food is common and may endanger the consumer's health. To avoid this entirely, good hygiene practices for dairy farms and abattoirs are essential for preventing contamination of milk, meat, and product samples.
 
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Economic Impact of Hydatid Cysts in the Slaughtered Animals in Abattoirs of Minoufyia Governorate, Egypt
Get PDFThe hydatid cyst is considered a hazardous obstacle for public health and the livestock industry. The present investigation sought to ascertain the prevalence of hydatid cysts, histopathology, and economic losses in slaughtered food animals in Egypt's Minoufyia governorate. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of the cysts was performed using an analysis of the NADH dehydrogenase 1 sequence. Visual meat inspection of 6417 slaughtered animal carcasses in Minoufyia Governorate abattoirs was conducted over two years, from March 2019 to February 2021. The prevalence of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals was 1.48%. The prevalence in different animal carcasses was 1.5% in sheep, 1.33% in cattle, 0.71% in buffaloes, and 9.5% in camels while cyst was not detected in goats. Females had a higher prevalence than males. Autumn had the highest prevalence of hydatid cysts at 0.44%, followed by winter at 0.40%, spring at 0.39%, and summer at 0.25%. The liver and lungs were the most infected organs, with infection rates of 57.9% and 42.1%, respectively. In addition, the histopathology of recovered hydatid cysts was recorded. The sequence analysis of NADH dehydrogenase revealed that the sequence of camel and cattle is E. canadensis and the buffalo sequence is E. ortleppi. The phylogenetic tree revealed that Echinococcus canadensis from Egyptian camels and cattle belonged to the same taxon as genotypes 6-10 of the E. granulosus complex. The E. ortleppi sequence from Egyptian buffalo was found in the same clade as genotype 5 of the E. granulosus complex. The economic costs of organ condemnation amounted to 47320 EGP. The results of this survey present the prevalence, economic impact, and molecular characterization of hydatid cysts from animals in Minoufyia governorate, Egypt. Â Strict hygienic measures are needed to control this infection in food animals and humans.Â
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The Pharmacological and Clinical Effects of Pentoxifylline on Pet Animals
Get PDFPlenty of restorative plants including phenols, essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, and amides, have been assessed for therapeutic effects against several diseases especially liver diseases. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl-xanthine spin-off with a variety of anti-inflammatory and protective actions in animals. PTX has been found effective for many disease conditions. PTX is an immune-modulatory agent used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases blood vessels inflammation such as cutaneous lupus in canine and navicular disease in horses. It also has hepato-protective effect, so it could be used to treat liver fibrosis and embolism in pet animals. Moreover, it could be used in the treatment of vessels ulcers through improving healing and microcirculation. This review highlighted numerous vital characteristics of PTX and its therapeutic role in various diseases in pet animals.
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