Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Epidemiological Investigation of Helicobacter pylori as an Emerging Zoonosis in Matrouh Province, North-West Egypt: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFHelicobacter pylori is newly emerging bacteria and one of the most common infections worldwide with over one-half of the world is infected with this organism. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among sheep, camels, and humans in Matrouh Province, North-West Egypt using H. pylori stool antigen enzyme immunoassay and stool PCR. A total of 250 stool samples were collected from farm animals (sheep and Camels) and humans in Matrouh Province. Samples were examined using H. pylori Stool Antigen Enzyme Immunoassay test and H. pylori 16S rRNA PCR. Statistical analysis was applied using Chi2 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in the study by HpSA and PCR were 27.6% and 24.4%, respectively. Based on the results of HpSA test, it was found that the prevalence was 12% and 26% in sheep and camels, respectively, with statistically significant association between the prevalence and locality or age of sheep. Moreover, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in human was 44% by HpSA test with statistically significant association between the prevalence and gender or locality being higher in males than females with greater rural prevalence than urban. On the other hand, there was a non-statistically significant differences between H. pylori prevalence and sex, breed, and health status of examined animals or age, residence, and occupation of enrolled individuals. Conclusively, H. pylori was detected in both animal and human samples is alarming in Matrouh Province. Therefore, there was an urgent need for implementing a proper control program
Impact of Supplementing a Frankincense-Melissa officinalis Mixture to Drinking water on the Performance and Economic Efficiency of Two Commercial Japanese Quail Strains
Get PDFThe purpose of the experiment was to investigate how a Frankincense-Melissa officinalis (F-MO) mixture in drinking water affected the growth, carcass traits, sensory meat quality, and economic efficiency of two commercial Japanese quails strains. A total of 120 one-day-old Japanese quails, comprising black quails (n=60) and white quails (n=60), were utilized for the experiment. The experiment commenced when the quails were 14 days old, after a two-week adaptation period. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups, each containing 30 birds, with three replicates of 10 birds in each group. The basic diet plus 2 ml F-MO mixture in drinking water and the basic diet plus drinking water without any supplement (control) were the two treatments used in the experiment over a four-weeks period. The results demonstrated that supplementation with F-MO significantly improved growth traits, dressing-out percentage, sensory meat quality, and economic efficiency compared to the control group. When the strain effect was considered, the white strain outperformed the black strain in terms of growth traits, dressing-out percentage, and economic efficiency
Morphological, Histological, and Histochemical Studies on the Adrenal Gland of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) During the Post Hatching Period
Get PDFThe adrenal gland of the Japanese quail is a bilateral endocrine organ that is located in the abdominal cavity. The development of the adrenal gland begins in the pre hatching period and continues during the post hatching. The current study aimed to describe the anatomical and histological changes of the adrenal gland in Japanese quail during the post hatching period. The present study was carried on Japanese quail chicks, at ages of day of hatching, two- and four-weeks post-hatching. The dissected adrenal glands were investigated morphologically, histologically, and histochemically. In the current work, the interrenal tissue makes up most the adrenal parenchyma and the chromaffin mass gradually increase with the age. The interrenal tissue at the peripheral zone of the gland arranged into arch-like cords, becomes more prevalent throughout the gland with age, notably at five weeks. They were strongly positive for PAS especially on the day of hatching age but appeared negative by Grimelius argyrophilic stain. At the two weeks of age, chromaffin cells appeared in the form of triangular islets scattered between the interrenal cells. They are smaller and fewer than the interrenal cells, at the age of five weeks the chromaffin islets increased in size and concentrated at the central zone. Two types of chromaffin cells were observed by using Grimelius argyrophilic stain; one of them contain dark brown granules and the other is free from these granules. Finally, distinct morphological changes in the adrenal gland occur during the post-hatching phase
Antiquorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Activities of Natural Products Against Bacillus cereus.
Get PDFBacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, and facultative anaerobic bacterium that is widely distributed in the environment. Commonly, B. cereus is a soil occupant and is generally isolated from food and food products. It is a human pathogen that causes two variant types of gastrointestinal diseases: diarrheal and emetic. Diseases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are difficult to be treated. In addition, group of B. cereus has several virulence factors, which play their roles in pathogenesis, infectivity and its capability to form biofilms. B. cereus biofilm is grown on medical devices either abiotic or biotic surfaces. This biofilm avoids the bacteria from the effect of antibiotics and host immune system leading to chronic infections, persistence and mortalities. Thus, it is necessary to explore new antiquorum and antibiofilm agents better than the conventional therapy to eliminate the biofilm that reflect on controlling B. cereus infections. The present review will discuss B. cereus virulence attributes, antibiotic resistance profiles, and their ability to produce biofilm as well as its molecular regulation. The application of the antiquorum and antibiofilm approaches for infection control will be illustrated as well. Finally, we will spot the light on their consequence in food industry loses and human health risk
Alterations in the Tegument Surface of Adult Fasciola gigantica, After in vitro Treatment with the Crude Venom of Vespa orientalis
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of the wasp venom (WV), Vespa orientalis, against the adult Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) worm, as WV has known pharmacological properties. We assessed its anthelmintic efficacy using 40 adult F. gigantica flukes collected from slaughtered cattle divided into four groups (10 each). Worms in three groups were treated with 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml of WV, while a fourth untreated one was used as control. After WV treatment, the tegument area of the fluke’s body was assessed using a scanning electron microscope. This revealed several tegumental alterations all over the fluke's body, including sunken spines due to local swelling, complete disappearance of spines from their sockets, furrowing and sloughing of the basal lamina, splitting off some spines to resemble an “open jaw,†broken oral and ventral sucker teguments, increased swelling of the ventral sucker with loss of its ridges, severe swelling and smoothening of the ventral sucker due to loss of normal transverse ridges, deformed cirrus, and swollen sensory papillae with blebs. The sensory papillae were completely disrupted and dislodged, leaving pits and a series of holes throughout the basal lamina and severely eroded, turning into lesions exposing the basement membrane. These findings indicate that WV destructs the tegument surface of the adult flukes. However, further in vivo studies on the activity of WV treatment are recommended
Strategies for Improving Fertility in Buffalo Bulls under Summer Condition in Upper Egypt
Get PDF         The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of i.m administration of (250 mg) GnRH on predicted testicular volume (PTV), scrotal circumference (SC), sperm assessment, and eventual fertility after ten weeks (period of the experiment), particularly in the summer (heat stress). Fifteen buffalo bulls (10 treatment and five control) with comparable age (1.5-2 years old) and body weight (300-400 kg) were used in this study. These animals must be housed in the Farm of Animals Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt, under identical conditions (administration, diet, etc.). PTV, SC, and blood samples were collected soon before GnRH administration. Blood samples were taken from all animals after GnRH injection (treated groups) and normal saline in the control groups. PTV and SC were assessed every 15 days for the first 75 days. All blood samples were centrifuged after being stored at 4°C for 6 hours. Serum was isolated and kept at - 20°C until the hormone meagered. The ejaculate volume, individual motility, living sperm percent, and sperm concentration were all measured in the collected semen from these animals. Five females in estrus were bred by each animal from the treatment and control groups. At 60-75 days after mating, the pregnancy was detected by rectal palpation technique. Testosterone concentrations, PTV, and SC values rose considerably (P0.01) in treated bulls compared to controls after GnRH therapy. Serum testosterone levels climbed from 5.38 0.75 ng/ml to 14.86 1.51 ng/ml. Individual motility, the overall number of sperm/ejaculates, and the number of living sperm were significantly affected by GnRH administration. Furthermore, after receiving GnRH injections, the rate of pregnancy increased in females inseminated by treated bulls. It was 84.56.8% for treated buffalo bulls and 76.57.89% for control buffalo bulls. GnRH injection considerably enhanced PTV and SC levels, according to the findings. Furthermore, semen quality and fertility improved dramatically in treated bulls compared to controls, which may be affected by summer heat stress. GnRH also improves the reproductive performance of buffalo bulls in the summer
Effect of Three Housing Conditions on Osimi Lambs' Behaviour and Performance Under Upper Egypt Climatic Conditions
Get PDFImprovement of sheep production became a global aim because of the good quality and cheap price of lamb meat. One of the most crucial goals for achieving optimum productivity in Upper Egypt is to protect farm animals from unfavorable climate conditions. Hence, the current study was planned to investigate the influence of three different housing constructions (semi-open, closed and semi-closed plus trees) on feeding behaviour, body weight, serum total protein and glucose levels, as well as faecal coliforms of male lambs under Upper Egypt temperate fall climate.  Eighteen lambs were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups (n=6); group I (raised in house 1; semi-shaded (SSB)), group II (raised in house 2; full-shaded (FSB)) and group III (raised in house 3; semi-shaded+ a number of high trees (SSB+T)). The lambs were reared in these housings for 3 months; body weight and feeding behaviour were recorded bi-weekly. In addition, blood total protein and glucose levels, as well as neutrophil\ lymphocyte (N\L) ratio were measured. At the 12th week fecal coliforms count was analyzed, the longest feeding time was associated with highest glucose level in lambs reared in SSB. In addition, body gain was improved significantly in SSB and FSB that accompanied with the high total protein at the 8th week. However, N\L ratio was the lowest in SSB. Fecal coliform count was not affected by housing system. Thus, data suggested that the SSB house had lowest negative impacts on behaviour and performance of lambs followed by FSB and SSB+T housing conditions
Evaluation of Practiced Biosecurity Measures in Selected Broiler Farms across Kabul Province, Afghanistan
Get PDFBiosecurity is an important tool to exclude potential pathogens from the poultry farms and to maintain the health, welfare and productivity of the stocks. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the biosecurity measures practiced in 50 selected broiler farms in four districts of Kabul province of Afghanistan. Data were collected by structured interview using a pre-designed questionnaire. This study revealed that all of the studied farms practiced the biosecurity measures from medium to the high levels, but these levels were not statistically significant based on the study districts and farms size (p>0.05). Disinfection of the farms at the end of each production cycle (100%) along with the disinfection of boots (86%) and vehicle (76%) and routine vaccines administrations (98%) were the most common practiced internal biosecurity measures, while inappropriate farm location, insufficient pest control and improper dead bird disposal were the main non-practiced external biosecurity measures in the surveyed farms. Hence, it is highly recommended to the animal health and production authorities to develop and implement specific biosecurity guidelines to the national level using regional and international manuals
Quality Assessment of Some Imported and Local Canned Tuna Sold in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate and compare between some local and imported canned tuna products sold in supermarkets of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, through physicochemical, bacteriological and sensory parameters assessment also, determining mercury and histamine level to ensure product safety. The results revealed that all examined tuna samples physiochemical parameters (pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)) were compatible with the Egyptian specifications and considered safe for consumption. The microbial examinations indicated that samples show incidence of S. aureus was 44% for imported tuna. While for local chunk and shredded were 56% and 67%, respectively. In addition to detection of its enterotoxins, which were 11% and 22% for local chunk and shredded samples, respectively. The enterotoxins of isolated S. aureus were type A, detected from local chunk and types A, C, and D from local shredded samples. The incidence of anaerobic bacteria was 22% and 33% for local chunk and shredded samples, respectively, but not detected in imported samples with no detection of Clostridium perfringens in all local and imported samples. However, the imported and local samples were significantly different. All local tuna samples contained high level of mercury exceeded the permissible limits of 0.5 mg/kg while, the imported samples within the limit. Also, histamine levels were found within the Egyptian Standards of (20 mg/100 g) although there was a significant difference between imported and local samples. In conclusion, the results pointed out that all examined local and imported canned tuna samples agreed with the Egyptian and other standards making them considered safe for human consumption.
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Effect of Ruminal Juice, Vitamins, and Minerals Mixture Supplementation on Calves Affected with Ruminal Acidosis
Get PDFThis study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of ruminal juice, vitamins, and minerals mixture supplementation on the improvement of ruminal acidosis in calves in a comparison with the group treated with the anti-acid only. In this direction, a total of 30 calves were used in this study; 10 were clinically healthy and assigned as a control (G1), and 20 were affected with ruminal acidosis. The latter 20 calves were further equally grouped into 2 subgroups (G2, and G3). Group 2 was treated with a ruminal anti-acid, while G3 was treated by the administration of a ruminal juice supplemented with a vitamins and minerals mixture beside the anti-acid. The result showed a significant decrease in WBCs, Hb, PCV, ALT, AST, and serum lactate. Furthermore, significant improvement in TAC, BHBA, ruminal protozoal count, and ruminal pH in calves treated with ruminal juice supplemented with vitamins and minerals more than in the group treated with the anti-acid only. It is concluded that the use of ruminal juice supplemented with vitamins, and minerals besides the anti-acid had a better impact on clinically affected calves with acute ruminal acidosis.
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