Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Nanoparticles as Immune Modulatory Reagents for Production of Rift Valley Fever Hyperimmune Serum in Sheep
Get PDFRift Valley Fever (RVF) since its discovery has been recognized as a source of numerous outbreaks in Africa and Arab peninsulas. It is a zoonotic highly pathogenic mosquito born virus disease. The first line of defense against such disease is the prevention of its the occurrence by periodic vaccination. The use of adjuvant is of fundamental importance in vaccines formulations and hyperimmune serum production. This study aimed to prepare hyperimmune serum against RVF virus to be used in diagnostic purposes in addition to its possible use for treatment in emergence cases. To establish this goal, we use Montanide IMS 3015 investigating its immune modulatory effect in immunized sheep. The experimental sheep received 3 injections of inactivated RVF virus adjuvant with Montanide IMS 3015 one week intervals, the fourth injection was virulent virus. The obtained serum 7 days after the last injection was discovered to be safe and free of foreign pollutants. For mice; specific for RVF virus with mean serum neutralizing antibody titer 20480 and ELISA optical density 1.402. It was found that this serum was able to protect mice against experimental infection with RVF virus in the ratios 100%; 100%; 90% and 60% of it was administrated to mice 24 hours pre-virus infection; simultaneously with the virus; 24 hours post-infection and 48 hours post infection respectively while later serum administration was unable to protect mice against viral infection
Effect of FSH Stimulation with Pluronic® F127 on the Quality of Oocytes Collected by Follicular Aspiration in Bos taurus indicus Heifers
Get PDFIn bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP), FSH has been used to improve the quality and developmental capacity of oocytes to reach the blastocyst stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate in Bos taurus indicus heifers the effect of FSH incorporated in Pluronic® F127 on the quality of oocytes collected by follicular aspiration. A total of 30 cyclic Brahman heifers were selected and assigned into one of three experimental groups (control group, FSH-SC and FSH-PF127). Heifers in the FSH-SC group received a single dose of 50 mg FSH subcutaneously and heifers in the FSH-PF127 group were treated with 50 mg FSH incorporated in Pluronic® F127. The rate of viable oocytes was higher for the FSH-PF127 group compared to the control and FSH-SC groups. The administration of a single dose of 50 mg of FSH in Pluronic® F127 influenced the oocyte quality and the rate of viable oocytes of Brahman breed heifers
Comparative Immune Responses and Cytokine Gene Expressions in Sheep Vaccinated with Brucella abortus RB51 Vaccine and Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 Vaccine
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This work applied three Brucella vaccination protocols in adult Brucella-free ewes. Serum and blood samples were collected from each group at time points 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 days post-vaccination. In addition, the humoral immune response was assessed by the Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) every week for 16 weeks. Also, cell-mediated immunity was evaluated. Additionally, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) were assessed. The results indicated that the cellular immune responses induced by the B. abortus RB51 vaccine with a dose of 3.4 x1010 provide a protective immune response near the effect produced by the B. melitensis Rev. 1 vaccine. Moreover, the IL-6 was expressed significantly less in the RB51- vaccinated group with a dose of 1.7 x1010 CFU (1 ml subcutaneously), greater in the Rev. 1-vaccinated group with a dose of 1.6 × 109 CFU (1 ml subcutaneously), and highest expression in the RB51-vaccinated group with a dose of 3.4 x1010 CFU ( 2 ml subcutaneously). Also, the expression of TNF- α was lowest in the group vaccinated with RB51 vaccine with a dose of 1.7 x1010 CFU, with greater abundance in the group vaccinated with Rev. 1 vaccine and highest expression in the group vaccinated with RB51 vaccine with a dose of 3.4 x1010 CFU. These findings imply that the RB51 vaccine, given to sheep with a dose of 3.4 x 1010 CFU, may trigger protective immune responses and be applied in the field to control brucellosis in sheep
Effect of Kappa Casein and Beta Lactoglobulin Genetic Variants on Milk Composition Traits in Tunisian Oasis Autochthonous Goats
Get PDFThe undertaken study was planned to investigate the influence of genetic variants of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein loci on milk composition traits in two autochthonous Arbi and Serti goats raised in Tunisia's continental oasis region. For this purpose, blood and milk from 177 multiparous and unrelated animals were collected and used. Milk samples were analyzed for physical parameters, chemical composition, and mineral concentrations using standard methods. PCR amplification was performed using DNA samples and specific primers targeting exon 7 and 4 of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein, respectively. To detect genetic variants, amplified products were digested with the restriction enzymes SmaI for β-lactoglobulin and HaeIII for κ-casein. The κ-casein protein had two alleles A and B, as well as two genotypes AA and AB, whereas the β-lactoglobulin showed two alleles C and T, and three genotypes CC, TT, and CT. Allele A of κ-casein occurred at a higher frequency than allele B in Arbi and Serti subpopulations and overall population. The β-lactoglobulin C allele was more common than T allele in Arbi and Serti subpopulations and throughout population. Homozygotes' frequencies were found to be higher than those of heterozygotes in all animals. Genetic polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin has been linked to milk acidity, dry matter, protein, casein, fat, lactose, Ca, P, and k content, with homozygous TT and CC genotypes clearly outperforming CT genotype. The κ-casein locus had a marked influence on the dry matter, protein, casein, and fat components, favoring homozygous AA goats in all traits except fat, which distinguished heterozygous AB goats
Ameliorative Nexus of Nano Zinc on the Redox State of Chilled and Cryopreserved Barki Ram Semen
Get PDFThe current study aimed to modify rams’ semen redox hemostasis by different concentrations of Nano zinc. Using artificial vagina (15) semen ejaculates were collected, evaluated, and pooled then subjected to processing using different concentrations of nano zinc (10, 50, 100, and 150µg/ml). The concentration of alanine and aspartate transaminases enzyme (ALT-AST), alkaline phosphatase Enzyme (ALP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of chilled and freeze-thawed Barki ram semen were assessed. Nano zinc significantly enhances semen quality in a dose-dependent manner. Where, 150µg/ml of nano zinc potentially reduced the extracellular concentrations of ALT (14.00 ± 1.01 and 28.58 ± 0.58 U/L), AST (39.67 ± 1.54 and54.83 ± 2.33 U/L), ALP (174.90 ± 1.90and 316.80 ± 1.90 U/L), and MDA (5.45 ± 0.02and 6.21 ± 0.01 nmol/ml) after both chilling and freeze-thawing process. Moreover, 150µg/ml treating dose induced an efficient production of SOD (7417±16.67 and 8600±76.38U/ml) after both chilling and freeze-thawing process, respectively. SOD is considered the most important antioxidant enzyme in the sperm cell that scavenges generated free radicles like H2O2. In this respect, 150µg/ml treating dose reported the lowest H2O2 level (0.042 ± 0.002 and0.065 ± 0.005 mM/L), and highest TAC concentration (1.62 ± 0.006and 1.69 ± 0.005 mM/L) after both chilling and freeze-thawing process, respectively. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs in semen extender can modify the sperm redox hemostasis in a dose-dependent manner. It reduces the extracellular transaminases and phosphatases leakage, augmenting SOD activity, and modifies TAC potential. ZnO-NPs supplementation to Barki sperm extender enhances its sperm quality and reduces cryo-injury
Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Cream-Based Cakes from Different Brands with Special Focus on Saturated and Trans Fatty Acids Hazard
Get PDFIn this study, the selection of samples from different levels of pastry chains and local markets as well aimed to assess the influence of price and brand name; which may be considered at the moment of cake selection, on the nutritional quality and safety of the final served product.The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, and available carbohydrate contents of 30 cake samples produced locally in Egypt from different brands pastry shops divided into international, national, and local brands were determined. Results explored that the highest average moisture content was recorded for the international brand (45.7 %), followed by the local brand (42.8 %), while for the national brand, it was 40.9%. The international brand samples' results were the highest in protein% (4.8) and the lowest in Ash% (3.5), while the national brand samples were the highest in average fat% (19.5) and the local brand samples were the highest in average carbohydrates% (36.1). Average protein content appeared to be very close in percent throw groups with 4.8, 4.5, and 4 in international, national, and local brands, respectively. Also, the total energy in a piece of cake was calculated by analyzing total fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents. The highest average caloric content was found in national brand samples (317.9 Kcal), 53.1% of this energy content was accredited to fat content. Different studies were subjected to the side effect of pastries on human health all over the world but these studies were slightly deficient in Egypt, our study aimed to determine the nutritional quality of cake samples by finding out the type of fatty acids used in processing through analyzing the fatty acid profile (SFA, MUFA, PUFA & Trans FA), in addition, Lipid Nutritional Quality Indices (LNQI) were evaluated from the composition data of fatty acids. Â Data presented in this study showed bad effect of Cream based cakes consumption in Egypt especially from the local brand shops due to its high saturated fatty acid content with the highest incidence of TFA (4.5%) and high caloric value from carbohydrates content (52.8%) especially on high risk people with chronic disorders and eldery. Also it was noticed that the high price of international brand product is in equivelant with its chemical composition and good quality as it is more healthier than other brands.
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The use of Moringa oleifera Extract in the Treatment and Control of Intestinal Coccidiosis in Weaned Rabbit
Get PDFThis study aimed to introduce some natural alternatives that can be used in the treatment and control of coccidiosis in weaned rabbits. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) was used for its immune enhancer effect and its content of antioxidant bioactive compounds. In the current investigation, sixty domestic male rabbits were divided into six groups with 10 rabbits in each. Group 1 (G1): noninfected and non-treated group; G2 was noninfected and supplemented with M. oleifera extract in drinking water at 1.5 g/L; G3 was infected and non-treated (control positive); G4 was supplemented with M. oleifera extract in drinking water (1.5 g/L) one week before the experimental infection till the end of the experiment; G5 was infected and treated by M. oleifera extract in drinking water (1.5 g/L) at the 5th-day post-inoculation till the end of the experiment; G6 was infected and treated with amprolium 20% (1.2 g/L) at the 5th-day post-inoculation for five successive days. Rabbits were infected by a suspension containing 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria magna, E. media, and E. perforans. G3 exhibited the typical symptoms of coccidiosis with a mortality rate of 30%, while clinical signs in G4, G5, and G6 were lesser than in G3 with a mortality rate of 0%. There was a significant increase in body weight and a significant decrease in oocyst count in G4, G5, and G6 compared with G3. In Addition, a significant decrease (p>0.05) in the liver enzyme (ALT), A/G ratio, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides, with a significant increase (p>0.05) in serum total protein activities in the treated groups (G4, G5, and G6) compared to the control positive group. Serum AST, creatinine, and urea did not report any changes among treatments, and they were within the normal range. While antioxidant activities in tissue showed a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA), a significant increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase), and GSH (glutathione reduced) activities in the treated groups compared to the control positive group. Histopathological changes of the intestine showed better profiles in the supplemented groups. Besides, histopathological changes in the intestine and the microscopical lesion score were significantly reduced in the challenged groups supplemented and treated with M. oleifera and amprolium. In conclusion, M. oleifera could be effective in controlling rabbit coccidiosis.
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Rabbit Meat Consumption: A Mini Review on the Health Benefits, Potential Hazards and Mitigation
Get PDFWith increased consumer knowledge about the relationship between diet and a healthy lifestyle in recent decades, there has been an increase in awareness and demand for efficient protein sources. Rabbit meat is rich in easily digestible protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals (such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc), as well as being low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, which makes it of good edible and nutritional value, so it needs to be handled properly. Rabbit meat, on the other hand, has been associated with the spread of microbial contamination (such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Salmonella species) that may originate from the animal itself, equipment, workers, or the surrounding environment. Each effort must be made to keep rabbit meat free of contaminants that could be harmful to humans. Few studies had been conducted, either internationally or in Egypt, to examine the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of rabbit meat. We shall compile existing data on the quality of rabbit meat in this review. Furthermore, the potential hazards that influence the physicochemical and microbiological qualities and shelf life, as well as the proposals for decontamination trials to enhance the sensory attributes and shelf life of rabbit meat, will be presented.
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Effects of Rumen Juice Transfaunation, Bacillus subtilis natto and Premix on the General Health Condition, Productivity, and Some Ruminal and Biochemical Parameters Upon Holstein Heifers after Weaning
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigation of the rumen juice transfounation either alone, or in combination with Bacillus subtilis natto, or premix upon the general health condition, productivity as well as upon some ruminal and biochemical parameters in after weaning Holstein heifers. The obtained results revealed significant increase in the body weight in the experimental group receiving ruminal juice plus premix, followed by the group received ruminal juice plus Bacillus subtilis natto, and ruminal juice alone compared with the control group. The immune responses, in terms of high leukocyte counts, lymphocytes, and granulocytes, were also significantly upregulated in the group that received ruminal juice plus Bacillus subtilis natto, followed by the group that received ruminal juice plus premix, and ruminal juice, respectively. Interestingly, groups treated with ruminal juice plus Bacillus subtilis natto, and ruminal juice plus premix had a significant improvement in the hemoglobin level, and the antioxidant capacity. Likely, such treatment groups had significant improvements in both total protozoal count, and eligibility for insemination. In conclusion, the obtained results of the present study strongly recommend the use of ruminal juice in a combination with Bacillus subtilis natto, or premix to improve the fertility indices, and immune responses in Holstein heifers.
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Histidine-Containing Dipeptide and Diabetic Complications
Get PDFDiabetes is a series of metabolic conditions which threaten public health, caused by a defect in insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells or insulin-sensitive tissues that fail to respond to insulin leads to hyperglycemia, which causes a series of metabolic signaling pathways leading to inflammation, cytokine production, cell death, and diabetic complications. Recent research has pointed to Histidine-containing dipeptides (HDPs) to be one of the routes to enhancing diabetic complications. HDPs are synthesized in muscle and are abundantly found in mammals and other vertebrates. L-carnosine (CAR), Anserine, and homocarnosine are dipeptides produced by vertebrate muscles. Carnosine and anserine have both antiglycation and antioxidant activity that help to enhance metabolic dysregulation caused by diabetes. In addition, homocarnosine has anti-inflammatory activity, as well as the ability to reduce DNA damage and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review will focus on the protective effects of HDPs against diabetic complications, especially carnosine.
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